Suchergebnisse

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.

Background. Data on new cases of professional diseases are collected in Professional Diseases State Registry of Lithuanian Republic. Analysis of statistic data from Occupational Diseases State Registry is very important for occupational diseases prevention, striving to expand knowledge of medical workers and professionals of other areas, employees and employers, on occupational diseases and their causes. Since 2004 data on occupational diseases collecting is based on European statistics mode for occupational diseases and EUROSTAT expert recommendations. Basis of registry data on 2005 was updated accordingly. Affections of musculoskeletal system are most prevalent among health problems of employees in European Union. Musculoskeletal system diseases are predominant among Lithuanian professional diseases since 2005. These diseases most often are caused by two categories of professional risk factors: physical and ergonomic factors. Physical factors, causing occupational diseases are predominant among causes of Lithuanian occupational diseases, and ergonomic are prevalent in Europe. Objective: to describe risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases registered in 2005-2007 in Lithuania. Propositions. 1. To assess structure of risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases registered for 2005 – 2007 in Lithuania; 2. To assess distribution of risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases according to diagnosis; profession; economic activities type; gender; age and seniority for 2005 - 2007 in Lithuania. Methodes. Descriptive research has been carried out. All cases of occupational web and osseous-muscular system diseases (N=1741), registered in Occupational Diseases State Registry for 2005-2007, automatically selected from registry data base, are included. Analysis made in MS Excel 2003 program. Conclusions. Most diagnosed occupational musculoskeletal diseases in Lithuania are caused by physical factors (vibration). Predominant ergonomic factors are loads carrying and lifting, working attitude and repetitive working gestures. Together with ergonomic factors vibration most often cause dorsalgia (M54), other disc diseases (M51) and spinal osteochondrosis (M42). Musculoskeletal diseases, caused by vibration are predominant among professional group of devices and machine operators, and fitters; caused by ergonomic causes – among professional group of qualified workers, amateurs and unqualified workers. Most musculoskeletal diseases, caused by vibration are assessed to farming, hunting, forestry and construction workers; caused by ergonomic factors – to manufacturing, as well as farming, hunting and foresting workers. Vibration cause almost exclusively male musculoskeletal diseases, and ergonomic factors most often cause diseases to women. Musculoskeletal diseases caused by ergonomic factors assessed in juniority and respectively at lesser seniority than caused by vibration.

Background. Data on new cases of professional diseases are collected in Professional Diseases State Registry of Lithuanian Republic. Analysis of statistic data from Occupational Diseases State Registry is very important for occupational diseases prevention, striving to expand knowledge of medical workers and professionals of other areas, employees and employers, on occupational diseases and their causes. Since 2004 data on occupational diseases collecting is based on European statistics mode for occupational diseases and EUROSTAT expert recommendations. Basis of registry data on 2005 was updated accordingly. Affections of musculoskeletal system are most prevalent among health problems of employees in European Union. Musculoskeletal system diseases are predominant among Lithuanian professional diseases since 2005. These diseases most often are caused by two categories of professional risk factors: physical and ergonomic factors. Physical factors, causing occupational diseases are predominant among causes of Lithuanian occupational diseases, and ergonomic are prevalent in Europe. Objective: to describe risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases registered in 2005-2007 in Lithuania. Propositions. 1. To assess structure of risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases registered for 2005 – 2007 in Lithuania; 2. To assess distribution of risk factors of occupational musculoskeletal diseases according to diagnosis; profession; economic activities type; gender; age and seniority for 2005 - 2007 in Lithuania. Methodes. Descriptive research has been carried out. All cases of occupational web and osseous-muscular system diseases (N=1741), registered in Occupational Diseases State Registry for 2005-2007, automatically selected from registry data base, are included. Analysis made in MS Excel 2003 program. Conclusions. Most diagnosed occupational musculoskeletal diseases in Lithuania are caused by physical factors (vibration). Predominant ergonomic factors are loads carrying and lifting, working attitude and repetitive working gestures. Together with ergonomic factors vibration most often cause dorsalgia (M54), other disc diseases (M51) and spinal osteochondrosis (M42). Musculoskeletal diseases, caused by vibration are predominant among professional group of devices and machine operators, and fitters; caused by ergonomic causes – among professional group of qualified workers, amateurs and unqualified workers. Most musculoskeletal diseases, caused by vibration are assessed to farming, hunting, forestry and construction workers; caused by ergonomic factors – to manufacturing, as well as farming, hunting and foresting workers. Vibration cause almost exclusively male musculoskeletal diseases, and ergonomic factors most often cause diseases to women. Musculoskeletal diseases caused by ergonomic factors assessed in juniority and respectively at lesser seniority than caused by vibration.

High quality dairy products require the control of all the factors affecting the appearance, taste and texture. Seasonal variations in milk composition, particularly protein and casein content, greatly determine the yield of different cheese production. Seasonal factors have a significant influence on the milk composition, which ultimately determines the quality of the cheese. Casein and fat ratio easily change depending on the time of year or month and have an impact on the final cheese composition and quality. Hypothesis of this work: year, season and month of production determines the changes of cheese composition and quality. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the impact of year, season and month of production on "Mozzarella" cheese composition and quality. Objectives of this thesis are: 1. to analyze the process of cheese production, organoleptic indicators and characteristics; 2. to analyze the quality indicators of cheese required in the European Union and Lithuania; 3. to analyze composition and quality factors of cheese; 4. to analyze the impact of year, season and moth of production on raw milk and cheese composition and quality. The investigation found that the month affects protein content of pasteurized mixture, the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, the cheese dry matter content, pH of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, fat content of the cheese dry matter, and does not affect the fat content and pH of pasteurized mixture. Season affects protein content of pasteurized mixture, the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, the cheese dry matter content, pH of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, and does not affect the fat content and pH of pasteurized mixture, fat content of the cheese dry matter. Year affect the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, fat content of the cheese dry matter, and does not affect the fat content, protein content and pH of pasteurized mixture, the cheese dry matter content.

High quality dairy products require the control of all the factors affecting the appearance, taste and texture. Seasonal variations in milk composition, particularly protein and casein content, greatly determine the yield of different cheese production. Seasonal factors have a significant influence on the milk composition, which ultimately determines the quality of the cheese. Casein and fat ratio easily change depending on the time of year or month and have an impact on the final cheese composition and quality. Hypothesis of this work: year, season and month of production determines the changes of cheese composition and quality. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the impact of year, season and month of production on "Mozzarella" cheese composition and quality. Objectives of this thesis are: 1. to analyze the process of cheese production, organoleptic indicators and characteristics; 2. to analyze the quality indicators of cheese required in the European Union and Lithuania; 3. to analyze composition and quality factors of cheese; 4. to analyze the impact of year, season and moth of production on raw milk and cheese composition and quality. The investigation found that the month affects protein content of pasteurized mixture, the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, the cheese dry matter content, pH of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, fat content of the cheese dry matter, and does not affect the fat content and pH of pasteurized mixture. Season affects protein content of pasteurized mixture, the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, the cheese dry matter content, pH of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, and does not affect the fat content and pH of pasteurized mixture, fat content of the cheese dry matter. Year affect the pH of a bed, the fat content of the cheese, pH of 1% salt solution, fat content of the cheese dry matter, and does not affect the fat content, protein content and pH of pasteurized mixture, the cheese dry matter content.

Based on the resolutions from the Four Year and Hrodno Diet (parliaments) and newly established dietine (local parliament) documents from powiats in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, this article presents a discussion of the issue of selecting and preparing a location for newly established dietines in powiats, as regulated by the laws of 1791 and 1793. The aim is to find out how the diet requirements were actually implemented in new administrative units (powiats) in Lithuania during the February dietines (regular parliamentary sessions held on Candlemas on 2 February) in 1792 and 1794. Having analysed the diet constitutions and material from separate powiat dietines, the author concludes that the diet laws in both 1791 and 1793 foresaw that places for the assembly of representative institutions in new powiats would be in religious buildings, among which parish churches dominated. However, it was not just the nobility in new powiats that assembled in Catholic churches. Of the 33 newly established dietines that were held in February 1792 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 26 were held in sacred buildings. Fourteendietines were held in parish churches, 5 were in former Jesuit churches, 2 each were held in the Bernardine and Piarist monastery churches, and one each in the Franciscan, Dominican and Carmelite monastery churches. According to the law of the Hrodno Diet of 1793, parish churches were allocated as the location for newly established dietines for all new lands, except for Merkinė. Both the Four Year Diet and the Hrodno Diet recognised that the decision to hold dietines in religious buildings was only temporary, until a facility especially for holding these assemblies was prepared, or buildings needed for the dietines to conduct their work were built. The diet of 1793 determined a two year term for the preparation of a dietine location, and detailed procedures for collecting funds to carry out the work that had to be done. The analysis of how dietines functioned showed that there were cases when private funds were used for the construction of public buildings for local institutions (e.g., the obligation made by Benedykt Wawrzecki to the nobility of the Breslau voivodeship). The dietine location had to be fitted out only very minimally – the room had to have only a table so that the dietine council could do their work. The progress of the dietines of 1792 and 1794 shows that as part of the implementation of the diet resolutions, the procedures as set out in the laws were basically followed: the time set for the assembly, the opening procedure, the account of how officials would be elected, etc.Realisation of the construction project for special buildings for holding dietines as set out in the regulating law was interrupted by the intervention of foreign states and the eventual partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Based on the resolutions from the Four Year and Hrodno Diet (parliaments) and newly established dietine (local parliament) documents from powiats in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, this article presents a discussion of the issue of selecting and preparing a location for newly established dietines in powiats, as regulated by the laws of 1791 and 1793. The aim is to find out how the diet requirements were actually implemented in new administrative units (powiats) in Lithuania during the February dietines (regular parliamentary sessions held on Candlemas on 2 February) in 1792 and 1794. Having analysed the diet constitutions and material from separate powiat dietines, the author concludes that the diet laws in both 1791 and 1793 foresaw that places for the assembly of representative institutions in new powiats would be in religious buildings, among which parish churches dominated. However, it was not just the nobility in new powiats that assembled in Catholic churches. Of the 33 newly established dietines that were held in February 1792 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 26 were held in sacred buildings. Fourteendietines were held in parish churches, 5 were in former Jesuit churches, 2 each were held in the Bernardine and Piarist monastery churches, and one each in the Franciscan, Dominican and Carmelite monastery churches. According to the law of the Hrodno Diet of 1793, parish churches were allocated as the location for newly established dietines for all new lands, except for Merkinė. Both the Four Year Diet and the Hrodno Diet recognised that the decision to hold dietines in religious buildings was only temporary, until a facility especially for holding these assemblies was prepared, or buildings needed for the dietines to conduct their work were built. The diet of 1793 determined a two year term for the preparation of a dietine location, and detailed procedures for collecting funds to carry out the work that had to be done. The analysis of how dietines functioned showed that there were cases when private funds were used for the construction of public buildings for local institutions (e.g., the obligation made by Benedykt Wawrzecki to the nobility of the Breslau voivodeship). The dietine location had to be fitted out only very minimally – the room had to have only a table so that the dietine council could do their work. The progress of the dietines of 1792 and 1794 shows that as part of the implementation of the diet resolutions, the procedures as set out in the laws were basically followed: the time set for the assembly, the opening procedure, the account of how officials would be elected, etc.Realisation of the construction project for special buildings for holding dietines as set out in the regulating law was interrupted by the intervention of foreign states and the eventual partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

In the diplom work "Image of NATO in the Soviet newspapers " Pravda" and "Tiesa" in 1949 year" to research the problem the image of NATO in the Soviet periodic publications. The newspapers at that time being investigated presented the official position of the country, therefore in them the appeared materials nayboleye accurately reflected the tendencies predominated in the media of that time. Work consists of three parts. In them not only to be carried out the means of NATO, which without somnekniya negative, but also to be carried out the detailed analysis of the means, with the aid of which was created this means. The second and third division are intended for bolleye of the detailed study of means the creation of the means of NATO. In the first division "Cold War and totalitarian regimes" researchs general political and sociocultural situation. By itself is very important from an historical point of view of 1949. It is rich in events had a nesomnenoye effect not only on the course of further events in the USSR, but also in entire peace. All these events one way or another found their reflection in the press. Formation by NATO was only one of the set of the events of that period, but much attention was given to it disproportionately. In this division is made the attempt to understand why by NATO as the military alliance of western powers, could not be predstavlenno in the positive key. The roots of opposition were located in the ideological difference of two systems The second division is intended for the more detailed text analysis. To research the separate connected with NATO texts. Using the method of comparative analysis to show the difference between "Pravda" and "Tiesa". In order to understand the overall level of the media of that time and to explaine some special features, for example, why in "Pravda" it is considerably less caricatures than in "tiyese", it was necessary to investigate some other newspapers of that time. Is prepared the short survey of the belorussian newspaper "Zvyazda". Short historical excursuies make it possible to give explain by a certain difference in the newspapers, one of which left in the Lithuanian language. In the Russian allowded "Pravda" tried to remain more solid, because its readers in essence were not only series inhabitants, but also more high ranking personas. At the same time deficite of caricatures with the interest it were compensated by the special magazine "Crocodil". The not compulsorily educated, but patriotic disposed citizens could be its readers. Thirds of part to research the means of visual action. Caricatures composed substantial part among them. This tendency was characteristic not only of newspapers, but also of entire propaganda apparatus. The frequently depictive material of explain text, it replaced or compensated. At the creation of caricatures worked the best artists, who received acknowledgement not only in Soviet Union, but also abroad. Illustrations they were created being based on predominated at that time dogmas of social realism. So here numerous elements of cartoon. Purpose of psychological methods - to humble enemy and to cause the positive reaction of the reader - laughter. Enemy to show as agressive and insidious, but week.