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"An in-depth examination of the foundations of mathematics reveals how its treatment is centered around the topic of "unique foundation vs. no need for a foundation" in a traditional setting. In this paper, I show that by applying Shelah's stability procedures to mathematics, we confine ourselves to a certain section that manages to escape the Gödel phenomenon and can be classified. We concentrate our attention on this mainly because of its tame nature. This result makes way for a new approach in foundations through model-theoretic methods. We then cover Penelope Maddy's "foundational virtues" and what it means for a theory to be foundational. Having explored what a tame foundation can amount to, we argue that it can fulfil some of Maddy's foundational qualities. In the last part, we will examine the consequences of this new paradigm – some philosophical in nature – on topics like philosophy of mathematical practice, the incompleteness theorems and others. Keywords: foundations of mathematics, tame mathematics, clarity-based knowledge, philosophy of mathematical practice, incompleteness theorems "

AbstractAnscombe's 1971 inaugural lecture at Cambridge, entitled 'Causality and Determination', has had a lasting influence on a remarkably broad range of philosophers and philosophical debates, touching on fundamental topics in philosophy of science, action theory, the free will debate, epistemology, philosophy of mind, and metaphysics. Especially where anti-reductionist or pluralist strands of philosophical thought are being seriously considered, one should not be surprised to find references to Anscombe's lecture. Moreover, there appears to be a growing interest in Anscombe's comprehensive philosophical outlook, as attested by the recent publication of a weighty collection of essays spanning that outlook in its full breadth in the prestigious Routledge Philosophical Minds series. Against this background it is apt that now, 50 years after the original lecture, a Topical Collection sees the light, circling around the most central themes from Anscombe's lecture, with a particular emphasis on the question how these hang together, how they form part of the larger philosophical project that Anscombe obviously intended the lecture to highlight. This Introduction motivates the Topical Collection, and introduces the various contributions against that background.

Language not only objectively expresses the thought of a proposition but also indicates the speaker's emotion, attitude, and viewpoints toward a proposition, which is called subjectivity in the study. Subjectivity is one of the main topics in philosophy. However, the phenomenon of subjectivity is mainly discussed at the word, construction, or syntactic level from the perspective of linguistics. To better the characteristics of speakers as subjects in social practice activities and cognitive activities, an analytical framework of subjectivity in discourse from the perspective of philosophy was constructed to investigate subjectivity at the discourse level. Three aspects, that is, experience, mental and communicative models, were explored. The results show that (1) the constructed analytical framework clearly shows the social characteristics of subjectivity in discourse; (2) the experience model is divided into the speaker's social and cultural experience; (3) the mental model is construed as the speaker's mental cognition, reflected by the speaker's mental stance and emotion; (4) the communicative model is represented by the speaker's communicative intention and communicative practice, including appeal, command and announcement. The study provides an analytical framework to dig up the subjective nature of language and the relationship among speakers, society and discourse. This study also enriches the research on subjectivity and discourse analysis.

Elegance ranks low on the list of debated topics in philosophy, mainly because of the fleeting and mundane character of phenomena that it relies on for its existence. However, the rise of kinaesthesia as an important topic in today's philosophical and phenomenological environment facilitates the inclusion of elegance in the canon of philosophical debates. This article reviews two important positions regarding elegance, that of Renaissance philosopher Baldassare Castiglione and of 20th Century realist phenomenologist Dietrich von Hildebrand. First, we underline three aspects of Castiglione's concept of sprezzatura and showcase the significance and purpose of practicing elegance. This step is succeeded by a close look at von Hildebrand's attachment to a realist phenomenological frame for understanding why he denies elegance the status of an ideal value. Last, we look at the connection between elegance and three ideas from a hybrid phenomenology from Husserl and Sheets-Johnstone. These connections form the basis for filling the significant gap between Castiglione's Renaissance take on elegance and von Hildebrand's realist perspective with a new phenomenological project regarding elegance. Keywords: Castiglione, von Hildebrand, Sheets-Johnstone, intentionality, kinaesthesia, axiology

The principle of commonality & emergent trends in recognition of related international law are examined in conjunction with the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty. The principle of commonality is rooted in the jurisprudential theory of monism, which holds that international law is supreme over national law. In its application to space law, the principle means that outer space belongs to mankind in common & no state can claim sovereignty. The use of space technology also follows the principles of customary international law. Thus, space law, in following international & treaty law, addresses responsibility & liability where a state as user of space technology courses harm to other states. Cases of public international law & treaty law in following international & treaty law that support space law are discussed. M. Pflum

The author looks at study of the Chinese intellectual tradition by non-Chinese, development of international cooperation among different traditions of scholarship of Chinese philosophy, practice of this philosophy and contemporary philosophical topics for which the heritage of Chinese Philosophy present crucial resources. (DÜI-Sen)

Abstract:The debate over whether philosophy makes progress has focused on its failure to answer a core set of "big" questions. I argue that there are other kinds of philosophical progress which are equally important yet underappreciated: the creative development of new "philosophical devices" which increase our ability to think about the world, and the broadening of philosophical topics to ever greater adequacy to what matters. The conception of philosophy as defined by a narrow "core" set of questions is responsible for skepticism about progress, as well as for philosophy's "marketing problem" — its failure to reach the general public. I argue for abandoning the distinction between "core" and "marginal" questions. The greater openness of philosophy to methodological diversity and diversity in topics, especially applied topics, will make a distinct kind of progress: in the breadth and completeness of the questions asked, phenomena investigated, and theories generated. Such openness may also make philosophy more hospitable to more diverse practitioners. This would also be conducive to progress, in the sense of reaching true answers to philosophical questions: greater diversity of philosophical practitioners has epistemic benefits, such as increasing objectivity.

This paper overviews the articles, published in this issue of Filosofija. Sociologija. The articles are arranged in three topics – social and political philosophy, philosophical anthropology and epistemology. In developing these topics the authors get in touch with each other. They are worried about the present condition of society and its future, troubles of human existence and prospects of human knowledge.