Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the perspectives of a number of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and trade unions on the risks and regulation of nanotechnology. In the context of large public and private investments in nanotechnology, and its rapid incorporation into processes and products, these groups have sought to advance their interests through diverse strategies. Their positions are centered in the application of the precautionary principle and include demands for moratoria, more investigation on environmental, health and occupational risks, specific and mandatory regulation, transparent information and broad public participation in the governance of nanotechnology. We show that these civil society organizations are constructing collaborations and alliances and have had some degree of success in placing the issues of risks and regulation into the government´s agendas. ; Este trabalho discute os posicionamentos de Organizações não Governamentais (ONGs) e sindicatos de trabalhadores sobre os riscos e a regulação da nanotecnologia.Baseia-se na análise de declarações e documentos produzidos por essas organizações entre 2002 e 2010. No contexto de fortes investimentos públicos e privados em nanotecnologia e de sua rápida incorporação a produtos e processos, esses grupos têm buscado representar seus interesses através de diversas estratégias. Seus posicionamentos se centram na aplicação do princípio de precaução e incluem pedidos de moratória, realização de mais investigação sobre riscos à saúde, ocupacionais e ambientais, regulação específica e obrigatória, transparência de informação e ampla participaçãopública na governança da nanotecnologia. Mostramos que essas organizações da sociedade civil vêm tecendo colaborações e alianças e tiveram algum êxito em posicionar a temática de riscos e regulação nas agendas dos governos.

This article is the result of a research on regulation of global trade, particularly on regional agreements and bilateral trade of the Institute for Applied Economic Research. The results presented here i) address the presentation of data and scanning of existing preferential agreements for the United States, European Union, China and India on Trade Remedies and Rules of Origin and ii) promote an analytical presentation of the subjects studied as well as the identification of patterns or standard regulation verified in these agreements. The central question of the research is to present the rules and its' regulatory standards that Brazil can spot when negotiating preferential agreements, especially those dealing with the trading partners analyzed herein, as well as define possible lines of action for development of foreign trade policy in Brazil.

All elections have characteristics associated with the context in which they are held. European elections in 2014 do not escape this rule. In relation to European elections that occurred in the past, there are at least two aspects that contribute to the specificity of the event schedule. First, and the first time voters will elect a European Parliament (EP) with enhanced powers, after the entry into force in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon. The EP will have a greater capacity for intervention in some key areas, such as the free circulation of people, international trade agreements and the reform of the agrarian policy. Besides that, for the first time will also elect 'formally' the president of the European Commission. In this sense, the political majority that will leave the next European elections will have a fundamental weight to influence an important set of policies, including the annual budget and the policies associated with the fiscal compact. Adapted from the source document.

Through a walking ethnography exercise, we intend to present an ethnography of the cosmetic offer aimed at depigmenting the skin in the heart of Lisbon, focusing on a fragment of the city that brings together different proposals and aesthetic products: Chinese spas, beauty salons and African hairdressers, shops of the so-called "ethnic" trade linked to immigrants and Portuguese descendants of Asian or African populations. We defined this tour as a "whitening path" – ironically paraphrasing the title of one of Michael Jackson's most famous books, Paths towards a clearing (1989). Considering the body as a project under construction, we intend to show that the imaginary and desires related to the consumption of these treatments, as well as the beauty standards conveyed by the marketing of skin whitening products, reflect and reproduce social variables of gender, class and race. We also want to highlight how most whitening products, sold in the city center, are prohibited by European cosmetics regulation legislation due to the high concentrations of toxic substances. These substances – which circulate freely in the networks of informal commerce – can be very harmful to the consumers' health, carrying severe dermatological risks ; Por meio de um exercício de walking ethnography, pretendemos apresentar uma etnografia da oferta cosmética destinada à despigmentação da pele no coração de Lisboa, focando num fragmento da cidade que junta diferentes propostas e produtos estéticos: spas chineses, salões de beleza e cabeleireiros africanos, lojas do comércio dito "étnico" ligado a imigrantes e portugueses descendentes de populações asiáticas ou africanas. Definimos esse passeio como "caminho do branqueamento" – parafraseando ironicamente o título de um dos mais famosos livros de Michael Jackson, Paths towards a clearing (1989). Considerando o corpo como um projeto em construção, pretendemos mostrar que os imaginários e os desejos ligados ao consumo desses tratamentos, assim como os padrões de beleza veiculados pelo marketing dos produtos de clareamento da pele, refletem e reproduzem variáveis sociais de género, classe e raça. Queremos também evidenciar como a maior parte dos produtos branqueadores, vendidos no centro da cidade, são proibidos pela legislação europeia de regulamentação de cosméticos, devido às altas concentrações de substâncias tóxicas. Essas substâncias, que circulam livremente nas redes do comercio informal, podem ser muito prejudiciais para a saúde dos consumidores, comportando severos riscos dermatológicos.