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Transgender people are individuals of any age or sex whose appearance, personal characteristics, or behaviours differ from stereotypes about how men and women are supposed' to be. They have existed in every culture, race, and class since the story of human life has been recorded. Condition of transgender is very pitiable in our society and they are underprivileged from their basic rights and are still not accepted by Indian society. Many transgenders suffer from mental health problems like depression and suicidal tendencies. In spite of being into existence for so long, the transgender community has never been able to become a part of mainstream society. They are often pushed to the periphery as a social outcaste and many may end up begging and dancing. This is by all means human trafficking. Sometimes running out of all options to feed themselves, they even engage themselves as sex workers for survival. This paper attempts to analyze the legal protection of transgenders, the judicial approach in transgender issues and also the policy of the Government of Kerala for transgenders.

Transgender identities and sexualities find a visibly accepted presence in the medieval history of India, especially in the Mughal era. Historical accounts and studies have indicated the prestige and power enjoyed by the third gender in the Mughal Empire to the extent that some of the writings have located them as an integral part of Mughal courts of law, holding some key positions of the royal palaces. In the extant literature on transgender, the analysis of their position as depicted through Hindustani Cinema in the Mughal period remains inadequate. The cinematic representation of the transgenders in the Mughal period can certainly offer a wide window to analyse their status in the given era, as this period has been documented as one of the most liberal periods for the transgender in Indian History. The present article aims to fill this gap through a mise-en-scene analysis of Hindustani Cinema based on the Mughal Empire during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Hindustani Cinema has offered a marginalised space on-screen to transgender people for a long time by putting them only in humorous and comic roles. By providing an intense analysis of all the films based on the Mughal period in Hindustani Cinema, the present article argues that even period films are not devoid of the politics of representation of contemporary times.

Title: Social Inclusion, Equality and Respect of Transgenders: Rise of New Socio-Legal Perspective Authors & Affiliation: Prof. (Dr.) Sonia Kaul Shali Faculty of Criminology and Criminal Justice Administration, Karnavati University, Gujarat, INDIA soniashali@yahoo.com Abstract This article discusses the discrimination faced by certain sections of our society, irrespective of same colour, caste, educational and professional expertise and societal contribution and had to face a lot of disgrace with no fault of theirs. People around the world face violence and inequality and sometimes torture and execution—because of who they love, how they look or who they are. Sexual orientation and gender identity are integral aspects of our selves and should never lead to discrimination or any kind of abuse. Human Rights organizations usually work for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender peoples' rights and with activists representing a multiplicity of identities and issues. They expose abuses based on sexual orientation and gender identity worldwide, including torture, killing and executions, arrests under unjust laws, unequal treatment, medical abuses, discrimination in health and jobs and housing, domestic violence, abuses against children and denial of family rights and recognition. The landmark Supreme Court verdict is a major milestone for LGBTQIA-identifying people across the country, where homosexuality was a social taboo and gay people faced endemic discrimination. [1]We have all heard of the renowned Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized homosexuality. However, there are numerous misconceptions regarding its origin and history. This article also aims to bring light to the matter: trace its roots, explain the various controversies surrounding it and introduce various judgments that have been made and legislations that have been drafted with regards to it. Keywords: Societal Discrimination; Colonial Era; Homosexuality; Privacy and unnatural offences; Historic Supreme Court Verdict; Conservative ...

This study discusses how to apply human rights law as a means of social control over gender in Indonesia, how to treat and improve the community for transgender people in Indonesia, the inhibiting factors for implementing protection for transgender people in Indonesia and how to respect the rights of transgender groups. The method used in this scientific article is a normative-empirical legal research method. The normative-empirical legal research method is basically a combination of a normative legal approach or based on statutory regulations with the addition of various empirical elements or seeing every legal event within the scope of the general public. It can be concluded that the normative-empirical legal research method is an approach or implementation of normative law in every aspect of legal events that occur in the community. The aim is to find out the importance of providing protection to transgender people as Indonesian citizens and further about legal protection for transgender people and how it is implemented. From the results of the study, it can be seen that legal protection as an Indonesian citizen from discrimination has indeed been running but has not been maximized. The problem with providing protection to transgender people is that there is still no firm stance from the government in dealing with the issue of protection for transgender people and the absence of legal regulations specifically made for transgender conditions and the attitude of people who are still indifferent to transgender people.

The aim of this study is to focus on victimization, discrimination, stigmatization and marginalization of transgenders in heteronormative Pakistani society. Transgenders are socially ostracized individuals in Pakistan. This paper is an effort to examine the representation of a transgender protagonist Bhanggi in Faiqa Mansab's novel This House of Clay and Water (2017). The paper uses the conceptual framework of Judith Butler`s queer theory and argues that Bhanggi is victimatized and stigmatized throughout his life due to his gender. The paper further reflects on real life stories of transgenders and demonstrates how they face different kinds of victimizations in Pakistani society.

Transgender communities are always considered not part of the citizenship project. The recent Supreme Court verdict making them very much part of the citizenshop discourse has considerably changed the situation. Even though these communities have found their presence since ancient times, yet it took such a long time to recognise their legal rights. Yet, if one closely look at the judgement, there are shortcomings and it needs further improvement. The most important drawback is that it does not address the question of their social recognition and also it does not address the unconventional transgender community in its analysis. It only recognises their legal rights.

Transgender is a comprehensive and inclusive term. This term separates and divides those people whose gender manifestation does not have any correspondence and resemblance with their gender identification at the time of their birth. This research article focused on the issues of transgenders with the special focus on their inaccessibility to education. The transgenders residing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) feel themselves in a pit of infamy. The objectives of this article were to discover the hurdles and barriers faced by transgenders in KP not only in their day to day life but also in their inaccessibility to education.
The transgenders of the District Mardan (the second biggest city of KP) was the population of the study. The Chain referral sampling technique was adopted because the population of the study was not easily accessible. The sample of 20 participants was selected and it comprised of two teachers, two lawyers, two trans parents and fourteen transgenders. The thematic interpretation and analysis revealed that transgenders faced hurdles and scathing attitude in every walk of life especially in their access to education. The main reason behind their plight is the lack of knowledge among the common masses regarding the status and rights of transgenders in the Islamic state of Pakistan. This article is an eye-opener for all the social circles / organizations and NGO's not only nationally but also globally.

AbstractAimTo assess the oral health practices and the prevalence of dental caries, and periodontal disease among transgenders.Methods and ResultsThe study was conducted on a sample of 180 participants from the transgender community in Belagavi district over a course of two months. A trained and calibrated examiners recorded oral health status according to WHO dentition status and treatment needs (1997) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) under the supervision of the subject expert. Chi‐square test, spearman's rank correlation coefficient test, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were applied. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05 for all the tests. The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among transgenders was 72.2% and 92.2%, respectively. A positive linear correlation and a significant relationship was found between the oral hygiene practices/deleterious habits and dental caries among the transgenders. Multiple linear regression model revealed that the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was significantly associated with age and oral hygiene practices.ConclusionThe prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among transgenders was high. These results may be of use to promote oral health promotion and establishing a paradigm for dentists to work toward improving oral health.

The article describes the results of an expert survey of activists from two HIV-vulnerable communities (men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people), as well as public health professionals from seven countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region regarding the state of strategic information (SI) regarding MSM and trans people in the context of HIV at the national level (quality, integrity, relevance and use of data). An analysis of scientific literature on studies of these communities was also used. According to the level of completeness and quality of SI, the studied countries can be ranked in descending order as follows: Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Armenia, North Macedonia, Belarus, Estonia. At the same time, information about transgender people is available only in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine. The integrity, relevance and use of strategic information in countries mostly depend on the availability of international financial and technical assistance resources, as well as the institutional capacity of organizations of vulnerable communities, in particular in the area of advocacy of the interests of the communities they represent in state authorities. The quality of the available information is also determined by other factors: differences in the definitions of the studied communities (in particular, the inclusion of trans women in the group of men who have sex with men), failure to take into account migration processes, the size and structure of general populations (mostly unknown), the impossibility of constructing non-random samples of sufficient size or insufficient quality of construction of pseudo-random samples, lack of coverage of the entire territory of the respective countries (only the capital and sometimes large cities), etc. In general, with few exceptions, the strategic information available in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region on MSM and trans people in the context of HIV is incomplete, underutilized and of limited validity.