The paper deals with the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business journals. The novelty of this work is the investigation of the usage of lexical translation transformations in business language texts concerning the equivalence in different culture languages. In order to research the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business language texts when dealing with cultural differences the main object of the investigation is set-to-be the translations of the European Union business journals.
The paper deals with the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business journals. The novelty of this work is the investigation of the usage of lexical translation transformations in business language texts concerning the equivalence in different culture languages. In order to research the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business language texts when dealing with cultural differences the main object of the investigation is set-to-be the translations of the European Union business journals.
The paper deals with the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business journals. The novelty of this work is the investigation of the usage of lexical translation transformations in business language texts concerning the equivalence in different culture languages. In order to research the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business language texts when dealing with cultural differences the main object of the investigation is set-to-be the translations of the European Union business journals.
The paper deals with the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business journals. The novelty of this work is the investigation of the usage of lexical translation transformations in business language texts concerning the equivalence in different culture languages. In order to research the peculiarities of lexical translation transformations in business language texts when dealing with cultural differences the main object of the investigation is set-to-be the translations of the European Union business journals.
The cultural and geopolitical reasons that led the Marijampole region of southwestern Lithuania to become a cradle of translation activities are discussed in the paper. Brief references regarding the cultural elite, and cultural and political activists starting from the middle of the 19th century are provided: they deserve consideration because of different incentives and goals inherent in their lifetime activities and their input into translation. Many writers of the Marijampole region who were born, educated and lived there would translate from different European languages to introduce the culture of the world to Lithuanians and encourage them to be proud of their own identity. Some of them, especially linguists, pioneered theories of translation. They conducted research on translation and analyzed various issues of translated literature. Although the article limits itself to just one region, it deals with the importance of translation activities as a strengthening factor of the nation-state and preservation of its language.
The cultural and geopolitical reasons that led the Marijampole region of southwestern Lithuania to become a cradle of translation activities are discussed in the paper. Brief references regarding the cultural elite, and cultural and political activists starting from the middle of the 19th century are provided: they deserve consideration because of different incentives and goals inherent in their lifetime activities and their input into translation. Many writers of the Marijampole region who were born, educated and lived there would translate from different European languages to introduce the culture of the world to Lithuanians and encourage them to be proud of their own identity. Some of them, especially linguists, pioneered theories of translation. They conducted research on translation and analyzed various issues of translated literature. Although the article limits itself to just one region, it deals with the importance of translation activities as a strengthening factor of the nation-state and preservation of its language.
The purpose of this masters' thesis is to analyze the possible issues who appears when translating literature. The goals of this masters' thesis is to clear out if foreigner readers adequate understand the meaning found in the translated text with theat in original fiction novels. Thesis deals with cultural factor in translation who are also undeniable if not so obvious. No communication is possible unless the message transmitted through texts is well understood by the communicants. But this understanding can be achieved only if the information contained in language units is supplemented by background knowledge of facts referred to in the message. People belonging to the same linguistic community are members of a certain type of culture. They share many traditions, habits, ways of doing and saying things. They have much common knowledge about their country, its geography, history, climate, its political, economic, social and cultural institutions, accepted morals, taboos and many other things. All this information is the basis of the communicants presuppositions which enable them to produce and to understand messages in their linguistic form. The core of the translation theory is the general theory of translation which is concerned with the fundamental aspects of translation inherent in the nature of interlingual communication and therefore common to all translation events, irrespective of what languages are involved or what kind of text and under what circumstances is translated. Basically, replacement of the source text by the target text of the same communicative value is possible because both texts are produced in human speech governed by the same rules and involving the same relationships between language, reality and the human mind. All languages are means of communication, each language is used to externalize and shape human thinking, all language units are meaningful entities related to nonlingualistic realities, all speech units convey information to the communicants. In each language communication is achieved through a complicated interpretation of the speech units by the communications, involving an assessment of the meaning of the language units against the background information derived from the contextual situation, general knowledge, previous experience, various associations and other factors. The general theory of translation deals, so to speak, with translation universais and is the basis for all other theoretical studies in this field, since it describes what translation is and what makes it possible. To sum up. The linguistic and cultural aspects of translation need not be opposed for they are complementary. Cultural translation problems can usually be reformulated as language problems and incorporated in the original text. However bias between original text and it's translation always exists.
The purpose of this masters' thesis is to analyze the possible issues who appears when translating literature. The goals of this masters' thesis is to clear out if foreigner readers adequate understand the meaning found in the translated text with theat in original fiction novels. Thesis deals with cultural factor in translation who are also undeniable if not so obvious. No communication is possible unless the message transmitted through texts is well understood by the communicants. But this understanding can be achieved only if the information contained in language units is supplemented by background knowledge of facts referred to in the message. People belonging to the same linguistic community are members of a certain type of culture. They share many traditions, habits, ways of doing and saying things. They have much common knowledge about their country, its geography, history, climate, its political, economic, social and cultural institutions, accepted morals, taboos and many other things. All this information is the basis of the communicants presuppositions which enable them to produce and to understand messages in their linguistic form. The core of the translation theory is the general theory of translation which is concerned with the fundamental aspects of translation inherent in the nature of interlingual communication and therefore common to all translation events, irrespective of what languages are involved or what kind of text and under what circumstances is translated. Basically, replacement of the source text by the target text of the same communicative value is possible because both texts are produced in human speech governed by the same rules and involving the same relationships between language, reality and the human mind. All languages are means of communication, each language is used to externalize and shape human thinking, all language units are meaningful entities related to nonlingualistic realities, all speech units convey information to the communicants. In each language communication is achieved through a complicated interpretation of the speech units by the communications, involving an assessment of the meaning of the language units against the background information derived from the contextual situation, general knowledge, previous experience, various associations and other factors. The general theory of translation deals, so to speak, with translation universais and is the basis for all other theoretical studies in this field, since it describes what translation is and what makes it possible. To sum up. The linguistic and cultural aspects of translation need not be opposed for they are complementary. Cultural translation problems can usually be reformulated as language problems and incorporated in the original text. However bias between original text and it's translation always exists.
Abbreviations are usually discussed as an orthography level object in the works that provide language norms, but it is understandable from their brief discussion in the orthography sections that such abbreviations of the names are not solely related to an orthographic level. However, they are not discussed more thoroughly in other aspects neither in orthographic chapters nor in the works covering other linguistic levels. The recent growth of abbreviations, including non-Lithuanian abbreviations, the peculiarities of which in their formation, inflection and orthography coincide with the mentioned sections of the Lithuanian language orthography only partially, leads to various uncertainties in use. This article analyses one of them: the issue of a translation of non-Lithuanian abbreviations. It is aimed at clarifying it through translation of EU legal acts into Lithuanian.
Abbreviations are usually discussed as an orthography level object in the works that provide language norms, but it is understandable from their brief discussion in the orthography sections that such abbreviations of the names are not solely related to an orthographic level. However, they are not discussed more thoroughly in other aspects neither in orthographic chapters nor in the works covering other linguistic levels. The recent growth of abbreviations, including non-Lithuanian abbreviations, the peculiarities of which in their formation, inflection and orthography coincide with the mentioned sections of the Lithuanian language orthography only partially, leads to various uncertainties in use. This article analyses one of them: the issue of a translation of non-Lithuanian abbreviations. It is aimed at clarifying it through translation of EU legal acts into Lithuanian.
The work consists of two main parts: description of Scandinavian literatures and bibliographic data. It analyses translations of fiction from Scandinavian languages (Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) into Lithuanian language. Each country's literature is described separately. The work briefly discusses histories of literatures, literatures for adults and children and presents main translators. Greater attention is paid to more famous authors. Moreover, the work provides bibliographic data on fiction translated from Scandinavian languages. Most of the books published in Lithuanian language are included in the lists. It was noted that the close relation among Scandinavian literatures has no impact on their translations into Lithuanian. Translators who translate from several Scandinavian languages become the connective link. Translations from Scandinavian languages into Lithuanian are closely related to political, economic, ideological factors; however the translator plays a crucial role alongside these factors. Only due to the translators the Lithuanian book space is augmented with especially valuable texts. In its essence, this work is encyclopaedic; therefore it provides various information that could expand reader's knowledge in Scandinavian authors and their works, though it does not repeat universally known or available information on the authors' biographies and published works.
The work consists of two main parts: description of Scandinavian literatures and bibliographic data. It analyses translations of fiction from Scandinavian languages (Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) into Lithuanian language. Each country's literature is described separately. The work briefly discusses histories of literatures, literatures for adults and children and presents main translators. Greater attention is paid to more famous authors. Moreover, the work provides bibliographic data on fiction translated from Scandinavian languages. Most of the books published in Lithuanian language are included in the lists. It was noted that the close relation among Scandinavian literatures has no impact on their translations into Lithuanian. Translators who translate from several Scandinavian languages become the connective link. Translations from Scandinavian languages into Lithuanian are closely related to political, economic, ideological factors; however the translator plays a crucial role alongside these factors. Only due to the translators the Lithuanian book space is augmented with especially valuable texts. In its essence, this work is encyclopaedic; therefore it provides various information that could expand reader's knowledge in Scandinavian authors and their works, though it does not repeat universally known or available information on the authors' biographies and published works.
The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.
The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.
The article embarks upon the discrepancy in time between the establishment of the first translation schools in Europe and in Lithuania, where the first translation school dates back as late as the last decades of the twentieth century, after regaining Independence. The historical overview accounts, in a sense, for at times lesser importance of the quality of translation than anticipated. The article aims at a study of Lithuanian and French translations of A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin; the novel opens a series of books under the title A Song of Ice and Fire. The analysis is based on Henri Meschonnic's concepts of poetics of translation, ethics and policies. It also adopts Anthony Pym's principles of translation ethics. George R.R. Martin's phenomenon is briefly discussed in the article, his role in the contemporary world of science fiction genre, specifically in the niche of epic fantasy novels is presented. Having discussed concepts of poetics of translation, translation and translator's ethics, as well as policies of translation, the author procedes with selected samples of French and Lithuanian translations and presents them in problem-based units, such as translation of proper names of the literary characters, metaphorical expressions and literal translation. Having analysed the corpus of samples in Lithuanian and French the author arrives at the conclusion that the translator into French has preserved the poetics of the original and has demonstrated adherence to the principles of translator's ethics, while the translator into Lithuanian has failed in her attempt to reveal the poetics of the text, and the big number of word-for-word translation passages indicates some lack of fidelity to the original text and its translation, as well as translator's ethics in general. Thus it may be assumed, from a broader perspective, that the recently established school of translation in Lithuania lacks some tradition of quality as applied to translation text and that may cause such unfortunate results as the study has revealed.
