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The concept of transmesis – a relatively new coinage that even among the seasoned theoreticians and practitioners of translation sometimes elicits a bewildered "trans what?" – is perhaps best illustrated in the works of Jorge Louis Borges. His character Pierre Menard from the widely anthologized story "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote," for example, intends (apparently disregarding Horace's famous "nec verbum verbo" reservation, if of course he happened to be familiar with it) "to produce a few pages which would coincide – word for word and line for line – with those of Miguel de Cervantes" (66). Borges's "Library of Babel" in addition to the "the minutely detailed history of the future" also contains "the translation of every book in all languages" (Ficciones 81-82).

I will try to answer the question of whether Machine Translation (MT) can be considered a full translation process. I argue that, instead, it should be seen as part of a process performed by translators, in which MT plays a fundamental support role. The roles of translators and MT in the translation process is presented in an analysis that get its elements from Translation Studies and Translation Process Research. ; This Project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the EDGE COFUND Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 713567. This publication has emanated from research supported in part by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant Number 13/RC/2077.

In a small-scale experiment, questionnaire translations (English into German), either produced via a simple back translation approach or via a team translation approach, were implemented in a split-ballot web survey.

The questionnaire contained items from the International Social Suvey Program (ISSP) modules 2019 and 2020.

The overarching goal was to assess the impact that different translations - produced by different methods - have on the resulting survey data.



The data provided here contain the dataset with all closed-ended items (open-ended probes were removed) and the analysis code that was used for the paper:



Behr, D., and Braun, M. (forthcoming). How does back translation fare against team translation? An experimental case study in the language combination English-German. The Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology.



The paper describes the methodology of the study in detail.

Those working on the Caribbean have regularly adopted the figures and practices of translation in their work and also have devoted attention to the study of various translational processes. The presence of the Caribbean in translation studies remains, however, considerably less evident. This essay reflects on this missed cross-disciplinary rendezvous, foregrounding the importance of questions of cultural translation in a Caribbean context but at the same time considering the practical intralinguistic and interlinguistic underpinnings of any analysis of translation in the Caribbean (and of the Caribbean in translation). Drawing on a number of examples, ranging from the relief effort following the Haitian earthquake in 2010 to current CARIFORUM and CARICOM language policy, the discussion focuses on the region as a translation zone. The essay concludes that although the Caribbean may be usefully defined in terms of translation, it is also essential—in reciprocal terms—that wider discussion of translation should itself be actively "Caribbeanized."

Translation has played a major role alongside original literature in each of the South African languages in aiding the construction of their cultural and literary identities. Because ofapartheid(literally, 'apartness'), Afrikaans carried a political burden and literary authors in this language were considered the protectors of Afrikaner cultural and national identity. After outlining the historical origins and the consolidation of apartheid, this paper charts the emergence of aversetliteratuur('protest literature') movement among disillusioned Afrikaans authors during the apartheid era. Growing censorship and the first banning of an Afrikaans novel under the 1974 Publications and Entertainment Act led to translation and self-translation (into English) being used as a tool of resistance by Afrikaans writers against the ideology of apartheid. The paper moves on to explore the effects of apartheid-imposed conflict on other authors such as South African authors writing in English. It then focuses on the ideological agenda informing the language policy-makers' and Africanists' selection of books to be translated into African languages, as part of the government's attempts to promote mother tongue education in African schools and thus perpetuate the segregation of black South Africans. The concluding section discusses how changes in political life since 1990 have influenced the use of translation in South African literature.

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sind ethische Probleme der Translation in Konfliktsituationen. Die Translationsethik ist ein relativ junger Forschungsbereich der Translationswissenschaft und beschäftigt sich mit ethischen Anforderungen an das Verhalten der Translatorin in Translationssituationen. Ethisches Verhalten gilt ? neben Sprach- und Kulturkenntnissen ? als zentrale Kompetenz professioneller Translatorinnen. Von wissenschaftlicher Seite gibt es konkret für das Dolmetschen oder Übersetzen in Konfliktsituationen wenig bis keine Abhandlungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Bedingungen vor allem des Dolmetschens in Konfliktsituationen beleuchtet und die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass ?gewöhnliche? ethische Anforderungen an die Dolmetscherinnen aufgrund der Ausnahmezustände, die das Setting Konflikt oder Krieg vorgibt, hinterfragt werden müssen. Ethische Herausforderungen, die Konfliktsituationen mit sich bringen, werden herausgearbeitet und da die Dolmetscherinnen in Konfliktsituationen meist Laiendolmetscherinnen sind, wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwieweit auch diese imstande sind, sich ethisch zu verhalten. In einer empirischen Untersuchung wird die Situation der Dolmetscherinnen in Konfliktsituationen skizziert. Es werden dazu Leitfadeninterviews mit Dolmetscherinnen durchgeführt, die 1992-95 während des Krieges in Bosnien für internationale Institutionen dolmetschten. Da keine der Interviewpartnerinnen ein Dolmetschstudium absolviert hatte, können ihre Aussagen auch hinsichtlich des Umgangs von Laiendolmetscherinnen mit ethischen Werten untersucht werden. Das offensichtliche, stark ausgeprägte Bewusstsein der Dolmetscherinnen für ethische Fragestellungen, bringt die Autorin zu dem Schluss, dass ethische Werte eine Frage der Persönlichkeit und nicht von der Ausbildung abhängig sind. ; Dealing with ethics in translation is relatively new within translation studies. Translation ethics describe the ethical behavior of a translator in certain translating situations, which is ? besides the knowledge of both source and target language and culture ? a crucial qualification that makes a translator professional. This paper focuses on the ethical issues while interpreting or translating in conflict situations. Due to the novelty of the subject, there is only little academic literature. This paper examines the working conditions in conflict situations especially for interpreters and states that common expectations concerning their ethical behavior have to be questioned, because of the singularity of the setting conflict or war. Ethical challenges, coming along with those situations, are presented and the question is raised, whether non-professional translators as well ? most of the translators in conflict situations are non-professional ? are able to act ethically. An empirical study outlines the situation of interpreters of the war in Bosnia 1992-95. In unstructured interviews interpreters who worked for international organizations were consulted on their experiences. Since no sone of them has undergone interpreting training, their statements could be evaluated regarding how non-professional interpreters deal with ethicals values. Their evident and highly pronounced awareness of ethical questions shows that ethical behavior is established because of personality instead of training or education. ; vorgelegt von Sarah Geissbauer ; Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in engl. Sprache ; Text dt., Anh. teilw. bos. ; Graz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2011 ; (VLID)215534