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Tese realisada em cotutela com a Université de Lorraine, França. ; Tese de Doutoramento em Patrimónios de Influência Portuguesa, ramo Arquitectura e Urbanismo apresentada ao Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar da Universidade de Coimbra. ; The 1850s saw the beginning of the planned transformation and expansion of the Macanese urban landscape, unprecedented in its accelerated pace as in its wide territorial scope, in many ways setting the tone for present-day urban development in the Chinese Special Administrative Region (SAR). The present thesis seeks to document and analyze this process in its early stage, through original research into public works and other government-sponsored urban interventions under the influence of the Portuguese administration, with the purpose of interpreting how the city's changing built environment both represented and conditioned the province's economic, social and political dynamics, thus filling a gap in the current knowledge on the history of the Portuguese province's transition into a modern urban landscape. It is set in the broader context of Portuguese overseas action and administration in the long nineteenth century's so-called age of imperialism and its bourgeoning world urban system, where the major cities of the world became increasingly interconnected, trading in people, knowledge, images and ideas, but also in capital, labor and goods between them. As if the world had become, through the influence of the Western network of empires, one large, interdependent city, mainly fostered by the progress of transport and communication infrastructures. Stemming from these considerations, a main focus of this research is the idea of the globalizing impact of modernization at the scale of this imperial network. In other words, how the modernization of these urban hubs became a global process through the expansion of the industrial revolution techno-scientific advancements, but also of progressive cultural constructs, such as hygiene and public health, and of the new governance ...

Dissertation (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2013. ; Under the concept of New Public Management (NPM), the Office of the Public Sector Development Commission (OPDC) attempted to push forward the use of marketing concepts in public service delivery in Thai government agencies in order to enhance quality and performance in public service delivery. But there has been no study on the way those concepts have been used by government agencies or the suitability and consistency of marketing concepts in the context of the Thai public sector. The objectives of this study are to study and investigate the use of marketing concepts in Thai public services, compare the use of marketing concepts in government agencies, explore factors affecting the use of marketing concepts in Thai public services, and suggest policy propositions concerning public service improvement to meet and satisfy citizen's needs and wants. It is qualitative research based on case studies of four selected government departments, namely the Department of Land Transport, Land Department, Cooperative Promotion Department, and Department of Health Service Support. Data was mainly collected from interviews with executives of the government agencies, and also employs secondary data review in order to verify and confirm the accuracy of data obtained from the interviews. The results of the study concluded that government agencies' public service delivery centered on citizens' benefits, but does not stem from the intention to use marketing concepts in public service delivery. Rather, it has been implemented in accordance with Section 3/1 of the State Administrative Act B.E. 2545 (2002), the Royal Decree on Criteria and Procedures for Good Governance B.E. 2546 (2003) and Public Sector Management Quality Award (PMQA). Marketing concepts have been incorporated in working procedures of these agencies and can be further inferred that it have been automatically used by government agencies. Analyzing the principles and philosophy of marketing ...

Fair Trade (FT) is defined by its main actors as a trading partnership that seeks greater equity in international trade. It also aims at contributing to sustainable development and to fight against poverty by offering better trading conditions to producers in developing countries (a "fair" price, advance credit, longer term trade relationships, etc.); as well as technical assistance to producers' organizations. As such, FT is viewed as a development tool by several governments. Therefore, it is fundamental to assess the capacity of FT to be an efficient development tool. This thesis attempts to shed light on this question. Chapter 1 describes in detail the principles and the functioning of FT. Chapter 2 assesses the impact of the "FT cotton project" in Mali. It is based on a field survey conducted by the author and shows that FT gets better results when it is integrated into the local development strategies. Chapter 3 analyses the consumption of FT products. The study is based on a home-scanned dataset which covers 12 000 French households and reports their daily purchases of FT and non-FT products. The estimation of a Working-Leser system shows that FT goods are luxury goods, of which consumption sharply depends on the consumers' perception of FT. Chapter 4 makes a new proposition about the nature of FT goods, which is twofold: FT goods can be viewed as credence goods, as it is the case in the literature; but there are also "indeterminate goods" (Lupton, 2005). This means that FT market is threatened to collapse if its objectives, its means and its results are not clarified. ; Le Commerce Équitable (CE) est défini par les principaux acteurs qui s'en réclament comme un partenariat commercial dont l'objectif est de parvenir à une plus grande équité dans le commerce mondial. Il contribue au développement durable et à la lutte contre la pauvreté en offrant de meilleures conditions commerciales aux producteurs des pays en développement (prix d'achat couvrant les coûts de production, accès au crédit, engagement { long terme), ainsi qu'une assistance technique à leurs organisations. Dans ce contexte, plusieurs gouvernements considèrent le CE comme un instrument au service du développement. Le CE peut-il réellement être un outil de développement ? L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter quelques éléments de réponse à cette question. Le chapitre 1 décrit en détail l'histoire, les principes et le fonctionnement du CE contemporain. Le chapitre 2 évalue l'impact du projet de coton équitable au Mali. Il est basé sur une enquête de terrain réalisée par l'auteur et montre que le CE a d'autant plus de bénéfices qu'il est intégré dans les stratégies locales de développement. Le chapitre 3 analyse la consommation de produits équitables { partir d'une base de données recensant les achats quotidiens de 12 000 ménages français. L'estimation d'un système de demande de type Working-Leser montre que les biens équitables sont des biens de luxe, dont la consommation dépend très clairement de la perception que les consommateurs ont du CE. Le chapitre 4 fait une nouvelle proposition quant à la nature des biens équitables : s'ils peuvent effectivement être considérés comme des biens de confiance, comme c'est systématiquement le cas dans la littérature ({ une exception près), c'est surtout leur caractère « indéterminé » au sens de Lupton (2005) qui nous semble déterminant pour l'avenir du CE. En effet, tant que le CE ne précisera pas davantage ses objectifs, ses moyens et ses résultats, il est soumis à un risque de disparition.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Introducing Localism -- Introduction: Where Is Here? -- 1 Mapping the Local -- Part II: Regulating Localism -- 2 The Policies of Localism: Debates, Dilemmas, and Decisions in Local Television Regulation -- 3 The Communities of Localism: Community Television in the Digital Age -- 4 The Ecosystems of Localism: A Holistic Approach to Local News and Information -- 5 The Solutions of Localism: Regulatory Approaches to the Crisis of Local Television -- Part III: Fixing Localism -- 6 The Political Economy of Localism: Critical Regionalism and the Policies of Place -- 7 Interventions in Localism: From Public Goods to Merit Goods -- Conclusion: The Right to Be Local? -- Appendix: An Essay on Method -- Notes -- References -- Index.

There are examinated the aspects of practical realization of the principles of local autonomy and the particularities of the local public administration reform making in the Republic of Moldova. This study also analyses the correspondence between the rules laid down in national legislation on local autonomy and the European standards. The particularities and the consequences of creating the autonomous territorial unit with the special legal status - Gagauzia have been presented. The prerogatives of the People's Assembly of Gagauzia and in particular to adopt the "local laws" have been critically examined. There is no such category of "local laws" under the Constitution, in the Republic of Moldova. The constitutional text expressly provides that the laws can be: constitutional, organic and ordinary. The author mentions the fact that the areas where the Gagauz People's Assembly is empowered to adopt "local law" are regulated by organic laws. One insists on the fact that the local autonomy is a general principle of democratic administrative policy, whose application can not be subject to ethnic or other criteria. Local autonomy serves all citizens, provides more resources, and amplifies the local administration's initiative to improve the living standards. Using the principle of local autonomy as an opportunity to encourage the ethnic autonomy is a prerequisite for separatism and segregation, acts contrary to democratic society.

RA completed this review during a clinical academic fellowship funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government, grant reference RG12141-10. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF ; Publisher PDF

The article analyzes the possible effects of propaganda and justifies the possibility of empirical evaluation of its effectiveness. There are described main trends in the depending of approving the principal Russian propaganda theses by different categories of the population of Ukraine, based on the results of recent studies of the Kiev International Institute of Sociology and Ukrainian Institite for Social Research named after O. Yaremenko. A critical analysis of measuring the effectiveness of propaganda methodics, identifying areas for further improvement are made.The article presents the analysis of the experience of Ukrainian sociologists connected with the research of Russian propaganda in Ukraine in the period from 2015 to 2018. The authors focus their attention on the theoretical approaches to the definition of propaganda, effects of propaganda and methodological possibilities of measuring it in empirical research. Relying on the latest statistical data, the authors determine the specificity of effectiveness of Russian propaganda in Ukraine and factors influencing its effectiveness. They also pay attention to the main difficulties of the study of propaganda.It is done the analysis of possible effects of propaganda, namely the group of general criteria (such criteria also include knowledge, beliefs, actions) and the group of specific criteria (psychological, cognitive, and behavioral effects). Based on the results of the latest researches of the Kiev International Institute of sociology and the Ukrainian Institite for Social Research named after O. Yaremenko, the authors pointed out the main trends of suportance the main points of Russian propaganda by different categories of the population of Ukraine, including the dependence on the region of residence, national and linguistic identification and level of the respondents' income. It is noted that there is an urgent need to strengthen the system of counteraction to the Russian propaganda (especially from the Ukrainian media, as well as public authorities). The article raises methodological problem of the possibility of studying the effectiveness of Russian propaganda in principle. Using the results of the discussion of the index of effectiveness of Russian propaganda (RRS), which was developed by the staff of the Kiev International Institute of Sociology in 2015, in the professional community of sociologists, the authors undertook a critical analysis of the methods of measuring the effectiveness of propaganda and the possibility of empirical evaluation of its effectiveness. As a result, it is identified areas for further improvement of the methodology of measuring the effectiveness of propaganda, namely: an increased study of the behavioral effects of propaganda, conducting regular measurements to allow comparisons, the development of comprehensive studies of the manifestations of the results of the propaganda of various methods (including psychological testing, involvement in the experiment several control groups, etc.).

Reprint from Political science quarterly, v. 25, no. 3. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article generalises the retrospective resea rch on regulations structure and content of the Min istry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania (hereafter referred to as MARL). The resea rch has been carried out by examin ing the new versions of regulations adopted by MARL after 11 March 1990. By employing the methods of induction and deduction, the logical analysis and synthesis of five new versions of MARL regualtions during the period of 1990-2011 were made. The analysis revealed that during this period there had been frequent emendation of MARL regulations, related to political and economic development tendencies. At the end of this article, there are some suggestions for representative MARL regulations structure, which have been formulated taking into account regulations structures by variou s organisations and fundamental and the most necessary elements needed for organisations of public sector. The object of the resea rch is the main regulatory documents of MARL: regulations. The aim of the resea rch is to generalise the tendencies of MARL regulations emendation and to make suggestions regarding representative MARL regulations structures and improvement of the content.The objectives of the resea rch are: 1) to generalise the aims of regulations formation by different organisations; 2) to perform the comparative analysis of MARL regulations of different periods; 3) to make suggestions for the improvement of MARL regulations. Theoretical background of the resea rch. Theoretical background shows that neither in scientific literature nor in practice there are united and elaborated representative regulations that would have a definite, understandable and reasonable structure for majority of organisations and, in particular, public institutions (public sector institutions). [.].

This article generalises the retrospective resea rch on regulations structure and content of the Min istry of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania (hereafter referred to as MARL). The resea rch has been carried out by examin ing the new versions of regulations adopted by MARL after 11 March 1990. By employing the methods of induction and deduction, the logical analysis and synthesis of five new versions of MARL regualtions during the period of 1990-2011 were made. The analysis revealed that during this period there had been frequent emendation of MARL regulations, related to political and economic development tendencies. At the end of this article, there are some suggestions for representative MARL regulations structure, which have been formulated taking into account regulations structures by variou s organisations and fundamental and the most necessary elements needed for organisations of public sector. The object of the resea rch is the main regulatory documents of MARL: regulations. The aim of the resea rch is to generalise the tendencies of MARL regulations emendation and to make suggestions regarding representative MARL regulations structures and improvement of the content.The objectives of the resea rch are: 1) to generalise the aims of regulations formation by different organisations; 2) to perform the comparative analysis of MARL regulations of different periods; 3) to make suggestions for the improvement of MARL regulations. Theoretical background of the resea rch. Theoretical background shows that neither in scientific literature nor in practice there are united and elaborated representative regulations that would have a definite, understandable and reasonable structure for majority of organisations and, in particular, public institutions (public sector institutions). [.].

In Arab countries, openly declaring a disbelief in God is a shocking and sometimes dangerous thing to do. Many have been imprisoned for it, some have been forced into exile and others threatened with execution. And yet, in a region where the influence of religion is almost inescapable, growing numbers are claiming a right to believe – or disbelieve – as they see fit. Social media have given them a voice and the uprisings that toppled Arab dictators have emboldened them to speak out. In this ground-breaking book, journalist Brian Whitaker looks at the factors that lead them to abandon religion and the challenges they pose for governments and societies that claim to be organised according to the will of God. Brian Whitaker is a former Middle East editor of the Guardian newspaper. He is the author of "What's Really Wrong with the Middle East" and "Unspeakable Love: Gay and Lesbian Life in the Middle East". He blogs about Arab society and politics at www.al-bab.com

Overview: 'Today I choose the light.' Jennifer Storm's first memoir, Blackout Girl: Growing Up and Drying Out in America, tells the haunting story of her downward spiral into addiction that began when she was raped at twelve years old. She remained on a dangerous, self-destructive path for ten dark years, until one day she awoke in the hospital after attempting to commit suicide and realized she needed help. Now, Leave the Light On: A Memoir of Recovery and Self-Discovery offers a deeper look into Jennifer's inspiring story of survival and transformation. With fearless honesty, she chronicles her journey as she embarked upon a new life in recovery, finally facing her traumatic past, her buried emotions, and her long-hidden truth about her sexuality. A unique blend of addiction recovery and coming-out story, this book provides a positive, encouraging example for those who are facing similar adversities. Jennifer holds nothing back in this courageous and insightful memoir

Im ersten Teil werden die gesellschaftsstrukturellen Tendenzen dargestellt, die auf eine Ausweitung der automobilen Mobilität hinwirken: der epochale Individualisierungstrend, die Zunahme der
Frauenerwerbstätigkeit, Einkommens- und Freizeitentwicklung u.a.m. Der zweite Teil geht mit den asketischen Zügen des Ökologiediskurses ins Gericht: Argumentative Verzichtsmuster führen - so die These - zu einer zunehmenden Wirkungslosigkeit ökologischer Argumentationen. Im letzten Teil wird auf der Grundlage einer empirischen Untersuchung der Frage nachgegangen, ob es trotz des gesellschaftlichen Trends zu einer Zunahme des Automobilverkehrs Ansätze zu einer neuen ökologischen Verkehrskultur gibt, die auf einer individuellen Entscheidung für ein besseres Leben ohne Automobil beruhen.

It was a miracle that I discovered the redoubt when I was studying in secondary school. During a summer holiday, I visited the Shing Mun Reservoir with my best friends. Suddenly a monkey attacked us and grasped one of my friend's bag. The monkey ran away and we had to chase him to get back the bag. Finally, the monkey found that there were no food inside the bag and left the bag on the trail. When we found the bag, we found the tunnel entrance next to us. Out of curiosity, we went through and tunnels and found really interesting and exciting. Almost twenty years later, I revisited the redoubt and found my memories in my last visit. This time, I came with my eldest son. He is 10 years old and he found it very exciting to visit the tunnels, which he has not ever thought of its existence. For my own experience, there were not many changes, though silts and stagnant water have already blocked some parts of the tunnels. The Shing Mun Redoubt, built in 1930's, was a very important defensive point of Hong Kong. It was essentially the last point of defense of Kowloon. It witnessed the military defense of Hong Kong, in particular during the Japanese attack in Dec 1941 during the World War II. The redoubt has already lasted for around 80 years. It is left unattended for years. "Dangerous" signs are erected to warn people not to go inside the tunnels. However, this is a very important place to address the history of military defense of Hong Kong. The Hong Kong SAR government has already set up a military trail in Wong Nai Chung Gap, describing and displaying the military defense history of Hong Kong. Given that the military structures of the Shing Mun Redoubt remains largely intact, I strongly recommend the government to set up another military trail to highlight the importance of the Shing Mun Redoubt. In this paper, I addressed this issue and have developed a plan to set up a military trail there called the "Shing Mun Redoubt Military Trail". In doing this, I made reference to the condition survey of the redoubt and the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Thread) analysis of the development proposal. In connection with the proposed development, I also worked out the associated works such as transport facilities, maintenance plan, publicity plan etc, all aimed to successfully develop this military trail and to attract more visitors to come and enjoy. ; published_or_final_version ; Conservation ; Master ; Master of Science in Conservation

Port plays significant role in supporting economic growth of a country. This study aims to analyze the determinant of port performance in Indonesia. In this research, the ports selected are four main ports in Indonesia which are Port of Belawan, Port of Tanjung Priok, Port of Tanjung Perak, and Makassar. These ports are designed as the hub ports in the national sea transport system of the country. The study used pooled OLS as the methodology to analyze the determinant. The result of this studies shows that total traffic is not influenced by operating surplus per ton, whereas the rest of variables such as turnaround time, idle time, berth of occupancy rate, rate of return, number of employee and cargo equipment have significant results and significantly influenced the total traffic.