A discussion of Turkey's relations with Iran. Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan has had to weigh several factors in these relations: concern among Turkish secularists over close relations with an Islamist government, the price Turkey pays for unneeded natural gas from Iran, and the need for peace with neighbors in order for Turkey to accede to the EU.
The article examines the content, main points, and objectives of the EuropeanUnion 2007 Regional Cooperation Initiative Black Sea Synergy, issues that liewithin the common interests of the Black Sea states as well as potential challengesto the regional stability in the Black Sea region. It also examines the basic legaldocuments which are an integral part of the European Union's legal internationalcooperation in the framework of the Black Sea Initiative. It also researches the national interests of Ukraine, the main directions and the importance of buildingstrategic relations between Ukraine and the Turkish Republic in terms of ensuring regional stability in the Black Sea region.The article researches the importance of the Black Sea region in building security and stability in Europe and Asia, international legal documents between theparties in building regional Black Sea security and strategic interests of Ukraine in cooperation with the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea security. It is stressed thatthe Black Sea Region is one of the main factors in building security and stabilityin Europe and Asia. Along with other issues in the region, ethnic conflicts, ongoing state-building processes, possessing the vast natural resources, the strategicsignificance of transportation corridors means that the region is an extremelyimportant and sensitive area. Special attention is given to an analysis of bilateral relations betweenthe Republic of Turkey and Ukraine that are becoming more strategic consideringTurkey's special role in the Black Sea region and its complementary role for theEuropean Union policy in the region. It states that the dramatic change in the geopolitical situation in the region in 2014 led to the revision of Ukraine's foreignpolicy towards the Republic of Turkey. The Republic of Turkey has moved to thetop of Ukraine's foreign policy priorities following the loss of Crimea, the conflictin eastern Ukraine and the general aggravation of the security situation in theBlack Sea region. The article concludes that the Black Sea Synergy remains declarative as itdoes not provide a clear explanation of the EU's political position on the BlackSea issues. It requires very specific action to prevent real threats. In the currentsituation, Ukraine can only achieve its strategic goal through cooperation withinthe framework of regional associations of different plans. ; Стаття аналізує зміст, основні положення та цілі регіональної ініціативиЄвропейського Союзу «Black Sea Synergy» 2007 року; питання, що лежатьу площині спільних інтересів Чорноморських країн, а також потенційнівиклики регіональній стабільності Чорноморського регіону. Досліджено основні правові документи, що є невід'ємною частиною правового міжнародногоспівробітництва Європейського Союзу з країнами Чорноморського басейнув рамках Чорноморської ініціативи. Стаття також досліджує національніінтереси України, основні напрямки та актуальність побудови стратегічних відносин між Україною та Турецькою Республікою в питані забезпечення регіональної стабільності в Чорноморському регіоні.У статті також досліджено важливість Чорноморського регіону у побудові безпеки та стабільності вЄвропі та Азії, міжнародно-правові документиміж зацікавленими сторонами та стратегічні інтереси України у співпраціз Турецькою Республікою у сфері безпеки Чорного моря. Підкреслюється, щоЧорноморський регіон є одним з головних факторів у розвитку безпеки тастабільності в Європі та Азії. Поряд з усіма проблемами в регіоні, етнічними конфліктами, державотворчими процесами, що наразі тривають, володіння величезними природними ресурсами та стратегічне значення транспортних коридорів роблять регіон надзвичайно важливою та чутливоютериторією.Особлива увага приділяється аналізу двосторонніх відносин міжТурецькою Республікою та Україною, які наразі набувають стратегічногозначення враховуючи особливу роль Турецької Республіки в Чорноморськомурегіоні та регіональній політиці Європейського Союзу. В статті йдетьсяпро те, що різкі зміни геополітичної ситуації в регіоні в 2014 році призвелид о перегляду зовнішньої політики України щодо Турецької Республіки, аТурецька Республіка перейшла до першочергових пріоритетів зовнішньоїполітики України після втрати Криму, конфлікту на сході України тазагального загострення ситуації з безпекою в Чорноморському регіоні ; Стаття аналізує зміст, основні положення та цілі регіональної ініціативиЄвропейського Союзу «Black Sea Synergy» 2007 року; питання, що лежатьу площині спільних інтересів Чорноморських країн, а також потенційнівиклики регіональній стабільності Чорноморського регіону. Досліджено основні правові документи, що є невід'ємною частиною правового міжнародногоспівробітництва Європейського Союзу з країнами Чорноморського басейнув рамках Чорноморської ініціативи. Стаття також досліджує національніінтереси України, основні напрямки та актуальність побудови стратегічних відносин між Україною та Турецькою Республікою в питані забезпечення регіональної стабільності в Чорноморському регіоні.У статті також досліджено важливість Чорноморського регіону у побудові безпеки та стабільності вЄвропі та Азії, міжнародно-правові документиміж зацікавленими сторонами та стратегічні інтереси України у співпраціз Турецькою Республікою у сфері безпеки Чорного моря. Підкреслюється, щоЧорноморський регіон є одним з головних факторів у розвитку безпеки тастабільності в Європі та Азії. Поряд з усіма проблемами в регіоні, етнічними конфліктами, державотворчими процесами, що наразі тривають, володіння величезними природними ресурсами та стратегічне значення транспортних коридорів роблять регіон надзвичайно важливою та чутливоютериторією.Особлива увага приділяється аналізу двосторонніх відносин міжТурецькою Республікою та Україною, які наразі набувають стратегічногозначення враховуючи особливу роль Турецької Республіки в Чорноморськомурегіоні та регіональній політиці Європейського Союзу. В статті йдетьсяпро те, що різкі зміни геополітичної ситуації в регіоні в 2014 році призвелид о перегляду зовнішньої політики України щодо Турецької Республіки, аТурецька Республіка перейшла до першочергових пріоритетів зовнішньоїполітики України після втрати Криму, конфлікту на сході України тазагального загострення ситуації з безпекою в Чорноморському регіоні
The paper aims at researching the main components of Turkey-Georgia-Azerbaijan trilateral military cooperation in the aforementioned period. Based on the analysis of main developments it is concluded that despite the considerable progress the trilateral cooperation has been of limited nature. The research defines the foreign policy goals that Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan have pursued through trilateral military cooperation.
Welchen Einfluss hatten zehn Jahre EU-Beitrittsprozess auf die normative und empirische Entwicklung des Rechts auf Meinungsfreiheit in der Türkei? Anhand dieser Frage und dem theoretischen Gerüst des politischen Konstitutionalismus suchte diese interdisziplinäre Studie nach einer Erklärung für den schleppenden Beitrittsversuch der Türkei in die Europäische Union. Es eröffneten sich dabei Kausalzusammenhänge, die weit über bürokratische Hürden hinausgehen: Für die Türkei geht es um die identitäre Grundlage des Staates. Letzterem wurde eine Identität aufoktroyiert, die das Erbe des multiethnischen und multireligiösen Vorgängerstaates, dem Osmanischen Reich, bewusst zu verdrängen versuchte. Den so schwelenden ethnisch/religiösen Konflikten wurde mit Einschränkungen der Grundrechte begegnet. Die Kopenhagener Beitrittskriterien werfen im Falle der Türkei letztlich Identitäts- und Legitimitätsfragen auf, deren Tabuisierung für den halbherzigen Beitrittsprozess verantwortlich ist. What was the impact of ten years of EU accession process on the freedom of expression's normative and empirical development in Turkey? Starting from this question and the theoretical framework of political constitutionalism this interdisciplinary study aimed to find an explanation for Turkey's slowly progressing attempt for accession. In the course of this investigation different causal links have been revealed, which go beyond bureaucratic boundaries: Turkey's identical foundation is at stake. The government's identity was imprinted by an ideology, which was attempting to repress the inheritance of the multiethnic and multireligious predecessor nation, namely the Osmanian Empire. This leads to ethnical and religious conflicts, which were encountered by limitations of fundamental rights. In conjunction with the Copenhagen criteria for membership
Türk dış politikasının en kritik dönemi olarak addedilen Johnson Mektubu sonrası gelişmeler, Türkiye'nin yeni dönemde çok yönlülüğüne işaret etmektedir. Mektup, Türkiye'nin SSCB ve Üçüncü Dünya ülkeleri ile ilişkilerini yeniden gözden geçirme fırsatını vermiştir. Bu çalışma, temelde Türkiye'nin uluslararası düzeyde belirlemiş olduğu dış politika paradigmalarının, literatürün deyimiyle eksen kaymasını ortaya koymayı hedef edinmiştir. Çalışmada, Türkiye ile ABD arasında zedelenen ilişkilerin Nato'ya yansıması ortaya konulduğu gibi iki devlet arasında büyük bir problem olan Afyon sorununa ve Türkiye'ye uygulanan ambargoya da değinilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın son kertesinde 1945 yılında Türkiye ile ABD arasındaki başlayan halayının 1965-1980 yılları arasında kesintiye uğradığını göreceğiz. Bu yıllar arasındaki gelişmeler, çalışmanın ortak paydasını belirlemesi açısından önem taşımaktadır ; The developments after Johnson Letter which is considered as the most critical period of Turkish foreign policy indicate the versatility of Turkey in then ewera. This letter has enabled Turkey to review its relationship with USSR and Third World countries. This study mainly intends to reveal the pivotal shift, as is referred in literature, of the forign policy paradigms that Turkey has set down on an international basis. While it puts forth the reflection of the damaged relationship between Turkey and USA on NATO, on the other hand it touches upon Afyon issue and the embargo put on Turkey which pose a big problem between two countries. In the last section of the paper, it will be realised that the honeymoon of Turkey and USA which began in 1945 was interrupted between the years of 1965-1980.The developments within those years are significant in that they identify the common ground of the study
Analyses the historical and sociological roles of Friday sermons in the nation-building process in modern Turkey Presents a new field of research, which focuses the role of Islamic oratory in the nation building process in modern TurkeyAnalyses various forms and contents (including a large number of translations from Turkish to English) of Friday prayer oratoryHighlights how state patronage conducted through a secular political order has controlled religion, but also how an overpowering state has been challenged by various religious groups and institutions Synthesises three basic analytical dimensions of official Muslim oratory: the religious ritual; political and ideological discourses; and, governmental supervision through the official religious institution DiyanetWith an all-pervading sermon theme of social, national and political unity, Elisabeth Özdalga explores how long-standing religious rituals are utilised and mobilised in the formation of modern political loyalties and national identities. Since the formation of the Republic in 1923, Friday sermons (hutbe) have been an important platform that allows the state to engage and communicate with the Turkish people. Sermon topics vary from religious and ethical issues to matters concerning family, women, health, education, business and the environment. Even if politics, in the name of secularism, has been banned from mosques and sermons, questions of how to be a good citizen and honour the Turkish nation have been of utmost importance
The aim of this study is to reveal the security and defense industry dimension of Turkey-United Kingdom relations. The study argues that beyond the political and economic relations that have reached a certain level, the field of security and defense industry will gain more and more importance and develop in the relations between Turkey and the United Kingdom in the future. Relations between Turkey and the United Kingdom, which are based on deep-rooted historical relations, have recently gained a new momentum. While the reason for this is the problems experienced with the USA and the EU for Turkey, the reason for the UK is the independent and global foreign and security policy that it started to follow after leaving the EU membership. Although the political and economic dimensions of the relations between Turkey and the United Kingdom have reached a certain level, the emerging new developments contain a potential open to new developments in the field of security and defense industry. Today, Turkey and the United Kingdom, which have close political and economic relations and are both NATO members and not EU members, have the opportunity to increase their relations to a higher level by increasing their cooperation in the fields of security and defense industry.
Turkey is becoming a "trading state" and increasingly this is having an important impact on Turkey's domestic politics as well as foreign policy. At a time when there is a growing debate about an AKP-led Turkey being lost or switching directions away from the "West" towards the north and east, a better understanding of the place of trade and foreign markets in Turkish foreign policy becomes particularly important. Adapted from the source document.
There is a compelling and internal relationship between patriotism and the state organism and its political body, as a feeling that manifests itself in all areas and periods of life. The purpose of this research is to determine the understanding of patriotism of Afghan refugee students in secondary schools in Erzincan and their national feelings and awareness of national consciousness for Turkey they live in. Qualitative research method and case study pattern were used in the study. The universe of the research was made up of Afghan students at Imam Hatip High School and Fatih Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in the province of Erzincan in the 2016-2017 academic year. The study group consisted of a total of twelve students who were chosen by the maximum diversity sampling among these students. Focus group interview was used as data collection technique and semi-structured interview form as data collection tool. Students' drawings and descriptions are grouped into three sub-themes such as Beautiful Turkey, Helpful Turkey and Muslim Turkey. The definition of patriotism is gathered in four subthemes such as fighting/dying, serving/beautifying, protecting citizens and training. According to the results of the survey, Afghan students keep on their love for their homeland, they are forced to migrate to Turkey, they are happy with the help and behaviour of Turkish people against them. They maintain that they have positive feelings against Turkey and the Turkish people. ; There is a compelling and internal relationship between patriotism and the state organism and its political body, as a feeling that manifests itself in all areas and periods of life. The purpose of this research is to determine the understanding of patriotism of Afghan refugee students in secondary schools in Erzincan and their national feelings and awareness of national consciousness for Turkey they live in. Qualitative research method and case study pattern were used in the study. The universe of the research was made up of Afghan students at Imam Hatip High School and Fatih Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in the province of Erzincan in the 2016-2017 academic year. The study group consisted of a total of twelve students who were chosen by the maximum diversity sampling among these students. Focus group interview was used as data collection technique and semi-structured interview form as data collection tool. Students' drawings and descriptions are grouped into three sub-themes such as Beautiful Turkey, Helpful Turkey and Muslim Turkey. The definition of patriotism is gathered in four subthemes such as fighting/dying, serving/beautifying, protecting citizens and training. According to the results of the survey, Afghan students keep on their love for their homeland, they are forced to migrate to Turkey, they are happy with the help and behaviour of Turkish people against them. They maintain that they have positive feelings against Turkey and the Turkish people.