Suchergebnisse

This title examines the war in Ukraine including the Russian Federation's recognition of the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics on February 21, 2022, Russia's subsequent invasion of Ukraine three days later, international reaction to the invasion including economic and political sanctions, and the resulting humanitarian crisis. Aligned to Common Core standards and correlated to state standards

The South of the old Russia, especially the Ukraine,
has for generations been known as a granary.
This statement is based on one hand on
reports about the earth's fertility, and on the
other hand on formerly important exports of cereals;
what is mostly neglected in corresponding
discussions is the cereal economy's dependence
on the natural conditions and their
changeability.
Despite unfavourable economic circumstances
as a whole, Russia still exported 10.6 million
tons of cereals in 1904, for example. Since
then, economic conditions have changed several
times and there has been a clear increase in
population. During the past decades, the cereal
production of the Ukraine was sometimes nota
in a position to meet the existing need.
Owing to the natural geography of the Ukraine,
the largest part of the agriculturally useful
areas are situated within the natural vegetation
zones of the forested steppe and of the prairie
as well as in the region of continental and warmtemperate
climate. This means that black earths
and forest soils exist in large parts of the country,
but at the same time, two thirds of the
country surface receives too little precipitation
and too much heat. Owing to the associated
winter and summer conditions, several million
hectares of winter wheat are year by year threatened
both by freezing and by drought.
Winter wheat has for a long time been the
most cultivated crop plant. Its share is especially
high in the Oblast Odessa district and in the
north-south strip extending from Kharkov to the
mouth of the Dnieper river and to the Azov Sea.
In respect of area share, winter wheat is followed
by spring barley, maïze, pulses and oats;
their regional distribution is shown in table 2.
The economic repurcussions following the
seperation of the Ukraine from the Soviet Union
in 1990/91 have remained moderate for cereal
production. More important are the consequences
resulting from inappropriate agricultural
development over the preceding 20 years. Since
in 1995, after half a century of directive agriculture
in State farms and agricultural cooperatives,
privatisation is still in the very first phases,
new steps are only taken very hesitantly and
the forces of the market economy are only slowly
taking effect, directives on economic management
are still necessary. But in addition to this,
a new purchase price mechanism is being linked
with the appeal to adapt the regional crop
planning structures to the natural conditions and
to the human need and the need of animals. A
tax-in-kind was introduced by the State in order
to ensure an approximately evenly distributed
basic supply to the population. In order to avoid
continuing large harvest losses, efforts are being
taken to renew and to complete grain storage
and milling capacities as well as to improve the
trafic connections of the villages and public transport.
Of continuing importance is foreplanning
in arable farming since the previous predatory
exploitation of the soil, i.e. discontinuance of
crop rotation, incorrect cultivation, inappropriate
irrigation, erosion-causing soil management weakened
agriculture. Ukraine can again become a
granary in the real sense of the word. To achieve
this objective, agronomy and economy must
once again be meaningfully linked and the farmer
must once again play an active role.

Der Autor setzt sich mit den Ausführungen von Mykola Riabchuk im vorliegenden Sammelband kritisch auseinander, in welchen eine tiefgreifende Ambivalenz in der Ukraine diagnostiziert wird, die eine "pervertierende Auswirkung" auf die politische Entwicklung des Landes habe. Riabchuk führt diese Ambivalenz zum einen auf die regionalen, kulturellen und sprachlichen Trennlinien zurück, die das Land durchziehen, zum anderen betrachtet er sie als Folge der "Atomisierung der ukrainischen Gesellschaft durch den sowjetischen Totalitarismus". Einen deutlichen Beleg für seine These sieht Riabchuk im Ausgang der ukrainischen Parlamentswahlen im Frühjahr diesen Jahres. Der Autor zieht vor allem die von Riabchuk konstatierten Ambivalenzen auf politischer, gesellschaftlicher und sprachlich-kultureller Ebene in Zweifel, denen er jeweils seine eigene Deutung gegenüberstellt. (ICI)

Since December 1991, the Republic of Ukraine has been a new independent state. Only after the renunciation of the Russian dominated Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR) the declaration of independence of June 1990 was fully recognized by international law. The analysis of the conditions of its development includes geographical studies and a knowledge of Ukrainian research and its regional terminology. Therefore a study of the regional differentiation of the Ukraine is useful and necessary. For the study of names of regions it is useful to differentiate the terms by groups of origin: names related to natural phenomena, names related to administration and ethnical names. The term "Ukraine" that gained special significance in the past 150 years as name for the whole country belongs to the second group. This name, which means "on the border" or "borderland" was used for the Dnepr area between Kiew, Vinnitsa and Poltava until the end of the last century. Its origin dates back to the function of this area in the relationship of the Russian-Polish and Tatarian- Turkish dynasties. Since the beginning of the twentieth century -especially since 1917- the name has gained more and more regional and political significance. Regions with names related to natural phenomena are Polesye, Podolia, Pridneprovi and Donbass. Their definition is therefore not very exact (river basins etc.). "Donbass" is a constructed term, in spite of this classificaton. It has its origin in geology and mining. The regions of Wolin,Tawria and Krim, Sakarpatie, Saporoshie, Bessarabia, Bukovina and Galicia have administrative names. They are derived from the names of principalities and provinces although some of them also refer to peculiarities in the physical geography ("Saporoshie" means "beyond the rapids"). The Sloboshanshchina, the Boikovshchina and the Guzulshchina can be regarded as regions with ethnic names. They correspond with the settlement areas of free peasents and craftsmen as well as with those of the Boijks and Huzuls. The manyfold societal changes in the twentieth century led of course to new national and social conditions. Since the Ukrainian language offers the possibility to assign the surrounding area of a (larger) city an own name with the help of the syllable "-schtschina", the researcher will find further regional names.

Informationen über Land und Leute, Geschichte, Wirtschaft und Politik, Kultur und Religion der Ukraine. (LK/EF: Bartosch)

The independent nation of Ukraine was born on December 1, 1991, when Russia's Boris Yeltsin, Belarus's Stanislav Shushkevich, and Ukraine's Leonid Kravchuk agreed to disband the Soviet Union and create the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Since then, Ukraine's political history (much like its economic history) has been marked by the confusions, contradictions, and conflicts that go hand in hand with state building. Overshadowed on the world stage by its "bigger brother,'' Russia, Ukraine nevertheless has tried to forge its own path in terms of policies, political structure, political culture, and political identity. The Ukrainian economy has been in a state of crisis since 1992. As an integral part of the Soviet economy, agriculture figured importantly; Ukraine contributed one-fourth of Soviet agricultural production. The military-industrial sector was also vital to Ukrainian output; one of the world's largest rocket-producing complexes is in Ukraine's Dnipopetrovsk. Ethnicity has been an important part of Ukrainian politics--eastern Ukraine has a strong Russian component, while Ukrainian nationalism has its home in the west. However, tensions have not led to confrontations (except for a brief moment when Crimea considered secession).

Seit zwei Jahren gibt es für Journalisten in der Ukraine andere politische Rahmenbedingungen. Mit der Orangen Revolution haben viele die Hoffnung auf qualitative Verbesserungen in der Medienpolitik sowie in der journalistischen Praxis verbunden. Doch Theorie und Praxis stimmen oft nicht überein. Die fehlende wirtschaftliche Rentabilität bringt viele Massenmedien weiterhin in eine fragwürdige finanzielle Abhängigkeit. Auch die zögerliche Haltung des Staates bei der Debatte um die Einführung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks scheint auf Angst vor Einflussverlust hinzudeuten.