The article analyses the formation, implementation and evaluation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the United Kingdom through a comparative analysis and two empirical sociological qualitative studies. The following scientific problematic issues were raised: what is the situation in the field of rehabilitation policy formation, development and assessment in the historical perspective in Lithuania and the United Kingdom, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the UK, and what are the possibilities to change and improve the formation and implementation of rehabilitation policy. A comparative analysis of the principles of rehabilitation policy development, financing, legal regulation, advantages and disadvantages has been carried out, using scientific publications, reports, publications of foreign research papers, legal acts as well as qualitative researches of experts in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. Rehabilitation policies have been found to have similarities in the United Kingdom and Lithuania, but they are quite different as well. Lithuania developed its rehabilitation policy in a relatively short time in all areas of development amid a rapidly changing environment, with effective legal regulation, ambitious measures and limited resources. The United Kingdom's rehabilitation policy has a much longer history; it changed in many ways to adapt to the needs of patients and society. It is based on the approach to the patient as an individual having a particular disorder, and the rehabilitation system promotes an individual rehab program in which the patient is an active participant and can even contribute to the plan, select services they need, and control the rehabilitation budget assigned to them. The system of rehabilitation policy between Lithuania and the UK varies considerably. In the UK, the focus is on the improvement of rehabilitation policy, working with communities, introducing new technologies. However, in Lithuania rehabilitation policy is still evolving, looking for a model that would fit best, even though rehabilitation in Lithuania lacks funding. In both countries, the systematic work of politicians, communication with various organizations, interest groups, contributes to successful rehabilitation.
The article analyses the formation, implementation and evaluation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the United Kingdom through a comparative analysis and two empirical sociological qualitative studies. The following scientific problematic issues were raised: what is the situation in the field of rehabilitation policy formation, development and assessment in the historical perspective in Lithuania and the United Kingdom, what are the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the UK, and what are the possibilities to change and improve the formation and implementation of rehabilitation policy. A comparative analysis of the principles of rehabilitation policy development, financing, legal regulation, advantages and disadvantages has been carried out, using scientific publications, reports, publications of foreign research papers, legal acts as well as qualitative researches of experts in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. Rehabilitation policies have been found to have similarities in the United Kingdom and Lithuania, but they are quite different as well. Lithuania developed its rehabilitation policy in a relatively short time in all areas of development amid a rapidly changing environment, with effective legal regulation, ambitious measures and limited resources. The United Kingdom's rehabilitation policy has a much longer history; it changed in many ways to adapt to the needs of patients and society. It is based on the approach to the patient as an individual having a particular disorder, and the rehabilitation system promotes an individual rehab program in which the patient is an active participant and can even contribute to the plan, select services they need, and control the rehabilitation budget assigned to them. The system of rehabilitation policy between Lithuania and the UK varies considerably. In the UK, the focus is on the improvement of rehabilitation policy, working with communities, introducing new technologies. However, in Lithuania rehabilitation policy is still evolving, looking for a model that would fit best, even though rehabilitation in Lithuania lacks funding. In both countries, the systematic work of politicians, communication with various organizations, interest groups, contributes to successful rehabilitation.
Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama bene svarbiausio šiuo metu Europos politinėje arenoje vykstančio "Brexit" proceso įtaka Europos Sąjungos piliečio, kaip imigranto, statusui Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Šio darbo tikslas yra įvertinti galimus Europos Sąjungos piliečio statuso pokyčius skirtingų "Brexit" scenarijų kontekste. Siekiant šio tikslo išskirti pagrindiniai šio darbo uždaviniai: 1. pristatyti klasikinio realizmo koncepciją; 2. išanalizuoti migracijos sampratą; 3. aptarti Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politikos raidą; 4.išskirti pagrindinius ir labiausiai tikėtinus "Brexit" scenarijus po planuojamos išstojimo iš Europos Sąjungos datos; 5. išanalizuoti britų nuomonę apie Europos Sąjungos piliečius "Brexit" proceso metu; 6.įvertinti Europos Sąjungos piliečių, gyvenančių Jungtinėje Karalystėje, dabartinę padėtį ir lūkesčius. Kadangi nuo pat Anglies ir Plieno bendrijos pradžios Jungtinė Karalystė buvo nusiteikusi itin euroskeptiškai ir tai jaučiasi iki pat šių dienų, šiame darbe aptarta ir Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politikos vystymosi raida, privedusi šalį iki 2016 m. birželio 23 d. vykusio referendumo, kurio metu nedidele balsų persvara buvo nuspręsta galutinai pasitraukti iš Europos Sąjungos, pasinaudojant Lisabonos sutarties 50 straipsniu. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti galimų "Brexit" scenarijų įtaką Europos Sąjungos piliečiams gyvenantiems Jungtinėje Karalystėje, įvertinant tris scenarijus pagal apsibrėžtas tezes: 1. Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politika joje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių atžvilgiu keisis užbaigus "Brexit" procesą su sutartimi; 2. Jungtinės Karalystės migracijos politika joje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių atžvilgiu keisis užbaigus "Brexit" procesą be sutarties; 3. Atidėjus "Brexit" procesą galimai keisis Jungtinėje Karalystėje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių kaip imigrantų statusas. Šiai analizei buvo pasirinktas scenarijų konstravimo metodas. Norint kuo objektyviau ištirti esamą ir galimą imigrantų iš Europos Sąjungos padėtį panaudota antrinė statistinė duomenų analizė, padėjusi įvertinti pokyčius Jungtinėje Karalystėje tiek statistiškai, tiek ir analizuojant pačių britų nuomonę po referendumo 2016 m. kuomet buvo nuspręsta pasitraukti iš Europos Sąjungos. Tam, kad būtų galima susiformuoti aktualią nuomonę apie šiuo metu Jungtinėje Karalystėje gyvenančių Europos Sąjungos piliečių padėtį, buvo atlikta 52 respondentų apklausa apie dabartines jų gyvenimo sąlygas, kylančias kliūtis bei ateities lūkesčius. Scenarijų analizė ir gautų duomenų rezultatai sudarė prielaidas teigti, kad "Brexit" procesas gali sukelti "Domino efektą" visoje Europos Sąjungoje, todėl šiame darbe įvairiais rakursais buvo aptarta ir ši teorija. ; This master thesis analyzes the impact of currently the most important process of the European political scene – Brexit and its impact on the status of a citizen of European Union as an immigrant in the United Kingdom. The aim of this work is to assess possible changes in the status of EU citizen in the context of different Brexit scenarios. In order to achieve this objective, the main tasks are defined: 1. introduce the concept of classical realism; 2. analyze the concept of migration; 3. discuss the evolution of UK migration policy; 4. describe the main and most probable scenarios of Brexit after the planned date of withdrawal from the European Union; 5. analyze the possible impact to views of British on the status of EU citizens during the Brexit process; 6. assess the current situation and determine the expectations of European Union citizens living in the United Kingdom. Since the early beginning of the Coal and Steel Community and till this day, the United Kingdom has been extremely eurosceptic. Therefore, this paper also discusses the evolution of the UK migration policy which led the country to the referendum that took place in 23 June, 2016, when with a small difference of votes it was decided to leave the European Union, using Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. The purpose of this work is to analyze the impact of possible Brexit scenarios for EU citizens residing in the United Kingdom, leading to the analysis of three scenarios according to established theses: 1. the migration policy of the United Kingdom regarding the citizens of European Union residing there after the Brexit with an agreement will change; 2. the United Kingdom's migration policy regarding EU citizens residing there after the Brexit without a treaty will change; 3. the postponement of the Brexit process is likely to change the status of European Union citizens living in the United Kingdom as immigrants. The scenario construction method was chosen for this analysis. The secondary statistical analysis of the data was also used in order to examine the current and potential situations of immigrants from the European Union in the most possible objective way, with the goal to assess changes in the UK both statistically and by analyzing British opinion and views after the referendum in 2016 when the decision to leave the European Union was made. In order to gain relevant perception of the situation from European Union citizens currently living in the UK, a survey consisting of questions about their current living conditions, obstacles they face and their expectations for the future, was conducted with 52 respondents. Due to scenario analysis and results obtained it is possible to state that the Brexit process may produce a "Domino effect" across the European Union Therefore, this theory in different aspects is also discussed in this work. ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakultetas ; Politologijos katedra
The limits of competency, responsibilities and authorities of institutions are duplicated. Interest groups had an exceptional role in the development of environmental policy and governance by applying pressure due to actual questions on environmental quality.
The limits of competency, responsibilities and authorities of institutions are duplicated. Interest groups had an exceptional role in the development of environmental policy and governance by applying pressure due to actual questions on environmental quality.
The master's thesis examines the shaping, implementation and assessment of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. It has been established that the implementation of rehabilitation policies in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom occurs at different levels. A comparative analysis of the principles behind rehabilitation policy development, financing and legal regulation and of their advantages and disadvantages has been carried out through reviewing legislation, scientific papers, reports and publications by foreign scholars. A summary of the findings regarding the history of rehabilitation in the United Kingdom has shown that the country's experience, attitude and expectations in this respect are completely different from those of Lithuania. In addition, the rehabilitation system in the United Kingdom has been in place for a considerable time and has therefore had more opportunities to adapt, to adjust to the needs of the patients and of society. The objective of the empirical qualitative sociological study in Lithuania and the United Kingdom was to evaluate and compare rehabilitation policies in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Conclusions and recommendations on the shaping, implementation and evaluation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the United Kingdom have been provided on the basis of a systematic analysis of the data.
The master's thesis examines the shaping, implementation and assessment of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. It has been established that the implementation of rehabilitation policies in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom occurs at different levels. A comparative analysis of the principles behind rehabilitation policy development, financing and legal regulation and of their advantages and disadvantages has been carried out through reviewing legislation, scientific papers, reports and publications by foreign scholars. A summary of the findings regarding the history of rehabilitation in the United Kingdom has shown that the country's experience, attitude and expectations in this respect are completely different from those of Lithuania. In addition, the rehabilitation system in the United Kingdom has been in place for a considerable time and has therefore had more opportunities to adapt, to adjust to the needs of the patients and of society. The objective of the empirical qualitative sociological study in Lithuania and the United Kingdom was to evaluate and compare rehabilitation policies in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Conclusions and recommendations on the shaping, implementation and evaluation of rehabilitation policy in Lithuania and the United Kingdom have been provided on the basis of a systematic analysis of the data.
The legality of strikes, the implementation of the right to strike and the question of restrictions are debated both in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Issues in the regulation of strikes in these two divergent jurisdictions are very similar, inspite of the fact that the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania belongs to the continental legal system and the legal system of the United Kingdom is considered to be part of the common law tradition. Certainly, despite similarities there are many differences in the regulation of strikes in these two jurisdictions. The primary objective of this master thesis is to compare the understanding of the legality of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom and to reveal similarities and differences in the regulation of strikes in these jurisdictions. The subsidiary objective is to identify problematic and criticised aspects of the regulation of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. In order to accomplish these objectives, the provisions of legal acts, labour law doctrine, case examples of the courts in the regulation of collective actions have been analysed. In the master thesis the conception, nature and sources of strikes in the legal systems of the Republic of Lithuania and the United Kingdom are introduced, the historical evolution of the right to strike is described, restrictions of the implementation of the right to strike are provided and issues of the restriction of strikes in essential services are explained. Futhermore, objectives and couses of strikes that determine the legality of strikes or on the contrary the conflict with the law requirements are scrutinized. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of organization of strikes is provided, manifestation conditions and balloting requirements of legal strikes are described. Finally, in the master thesis the overview of consequences in the violation of conditions of the legality of strikes, which reveal why it is important for participants and organizers to know and to comply with legal requirements, is provided. It is to be noted, that considering the fact that the United Kingdom has a longtime history of strike regulation and a very comprehensive and practical law, this valuable experience could serve as an example for legislators of the Republic of Lithuania.
The legality of strikes, the implementation of the right to strike and the question of restrictions are debated both in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Issues in the regulation of strikes in these two divergent jurisdictions are very similar, inspite of the fact that the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania belongs to the continental legal system and the legal system of the United Kingdom is considered to be part of the common law tradition. Certainly, despite similarities there are many differences in the regulation of strikes in these two jurisdictions. The primary objective of this master thesis is to compare the understanding of the legality of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom and to reveal similarities and differences in the regulation of strikes in these jurisdictions. The subsidiary objective is to identify problematic and criticised aspects of the regulation of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. In order to accomplish these objectives, the provisions of legal acts, labour law doctrine, case examples of the courts in the regulation of collective actions have been analysed. In the master thesis the conception, nature and sources of strikes in the legal systems of the Republic of Lithuania and the United Kingdom are introduced, the historical evolution of the right to strike is described, restrictions of the implementation of the right to strike are provided and issues of the restriction of strikes in essential services are explained. Futhermore, objectives and couses of strikes that determine the legality of strikes or on the contrary the conflict with the law requirements are scrutinized. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of organization of strikes is provided, manifestation conditions and balloting requirements of legal strikes are described. Finally, in the master thesis the overview of consequences in the violation of conditions of the legality of strikes, which reveal why it is important for participants and organizers to know and to comply with legal requirements, is provided. It is to be noted, that considering the fact that the United Kingdom has a longtime history of strike regulation and a very comprehensive and practical law, this valuable experience could serve as an example for legislators of the Republic of Lithuania.
The legality of strikes, the implementation of the right to strike and the question of restrictions are debated both in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Issues in the regulation of strikes in these two divergent jurisdictions are very similar, inspite of the fact that the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania belongs to the continental legal system and the legal system of the United Kingdom is considered to be part of the common law tradition. Certainly, despite similarities there are many differences in the regulation of strikes in these two jurisdictions. The primary objective of this master thesis is to compare the understanding of the legality of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom and to reveal similarities and differences in the regulation of strikes in these jurisdictions. The subsidiary objective is to identify problematic and criticised aspects of the regulation of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. In order to accomplish these objectives, the provisions of legal acts, labour law doctrine, case examples of the courts in the regulation of collective actions have been analysed. In the master thesis the conception, nature and sources of strikes in the legal systems of the Republic of Lithuania and the United Kingdom are introduced, the historical evolution of the right to strike is described, restrictions of the implementation of the right to strike are provided and issues of the restriction of strikes in essential services are explained. Futhermore, objectives and couses of strikes that determine the legality of strikes or on the contrary the conflict with the law requirements are scrutinized. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of organization of strikes is provided, manifestation conditions and balloting requirements of legal strikes are described. Finally, in the master thesis the overview of consequences in the violation of conditions of the legality of strikes, which reveal why it is important for participants and organizers to know and to comply with legal requirements, is provided. It is to be noted, that considering the fact that the United Kingdom has a longtime history of strike regulation and a very comprehensive and practical law, this valuable experience could serve as an example for legislators of the Republic of Lithuania.
The legality of strikes, the implementation of the right to strike and the question of restrictions are debated both in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. Issues in the regulation of strikes in these two divergent jurisdictions are very similar, inspite of the fact that the legal system of the Republic of Lithuania belongs to the continental legal system and the legal system of the United Kingdom is considered to be part of the common law tradition. Certainly, despite similarities there are many differences in the regulation of strikes in these two jurisdictions. The primary objective of this master thesis is to compare the understanding of the legality of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom and to reveal similarities and differences in the regulation of strikes in these jurisdictions. The subsidiary objective is to identify problematic and criticised aspects of the regulation of strikes in the Republic of Lithuania and in the United Kingdom. In order to accomplish these objectives, the provisions of legal acts, labour law doctrine, case examples of the courts in the regulation of collective actions have been analysed. In the master thesis the conception, nature and sources of strikes in the legal systems of the Republic of Lithuania and the United Kingdom are introduced, the historical evolution of the right to strike is described, restrictions of the implementation of the right to strike are provided and issues of the restriction of strikes in essential services are explained. Futhermore, objectives and couses of strikes that determine the legality of strikes or on the contrary the conflict with the law requirements are scrutinized. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of organization of strikes is provided, manifestation conditions and balloting requirements of legal strikes are described. Finally, in the master thesis the overview of consequences in the violation of conditions of the legality of strikes, which reveal why it is important for participants and organizers to know and to comply with legal requirements, is provided. It is to be noted, that considering the fact that the United Kingdom has a longtime history of strike regulation and a very comprehensive and practical law, this valuable experience could serve as an example for legislators of the Republic of Lithuania.
The rise and the development of the phenomenon of Islamophobia in Western Europe discourse is investigated in this paper. In this paper we are introduced with rasism and xenophobia factors which has big influence for islamophobia development. In this paper is stated, that this phenomenon has not appeared after terrorist attacks in 2001/9/11 and in London in 2005. The islamophobia appeared gradually as orientalism, later as oil crisis, Saudi Arabia policy in 1973-1974, with revolution of Iran in 1979. It reached our times too. The phenomenon of islamophobia in out times is associated with terrorism, suiciders and cartoons. The main aim of the paper is to explore specific manifestations of islamophobia in Lithuanian mass media and to compare them with analysed United Kingdom case. Cause both of coutries are very different in their historical experience, democracy history and also in media, it is fairly complicated to compare them. The United Kingdom case is like the model or example while exploring Lithuanian case. Because the theory of Islamophobia was fitted in the United Kingdom case, it is more experience of this country, that is why this country was sorted as model to investigate if islamophobia exists in Lithuanian media. The aim of this paper- to adapt the theory of islamophobia in Lithuanian case, o even to confirm that Lithuanian case is very unique.
The rise and the development of the phenomenon of Islamophobia in Western Europe discourse is investigated in this paper. In this paper we are introduced with rasism and xenophobia factors which has big influence for islamophobia development. In this paper is stated, that this phenomenon has not appeared after terrorist attacks in 2001/9/11 and in London in 2005. The islamophobia appeared gradually as orientalism, later as oil crisis, Saudi Arabia policy in 1973-1974, with revolution of Iran in 1979. It reached our times too. The phenomenon of islamophobia in out times is associated with terrorism, suiciders and cartoons. The main aim of the paper is to explore specific manifestations of islamophobia in Lithuanian mass media and to compare them with analysed United Kingdom case. Cause both of coutries are very different in their historical experience, democracy history and also in media, it is fairly complicated to compare them. The United Kingdom case is like the model or example while exploring Lithuanian case. Because the theory of Islamophobia was fitted in the United Kingdom case, it is more experience of this country, that is why this country was sorted as model to investigate if islamophobia exists in Lithuanian media. The aim of this paper- to adapt the theory of islamophobia in Lithuanian case, o even to confirm that Lithuanian case is very unique.
In the last decades, the world has been facing important and rapid changes of global climate and other aspects of environment. In response to this, countries are adopting climate change laws and other environmental regulations, which are causing huge social tensions and involvement of lobby groups. Lithuanian environmental interest groups are increasingly influenced by Europeanization and a parallel process of institutionalization. Interestingly, Lithuania already accepted a Law on Lobbying Activities in 2000 and became a pioneer in Europe. The UK case is significant, because they have introduced the Climate Change Act 2008 and, due to high pressure from different interest groups, ENGOs and corporate sector. The aim of the article is to examine the main factors and determinants that influence legal environmental regulation as a consequence of lobbying in Lithuania and the UK. The analysis examines lobby effectiveness as the difference among interests groups policy preferences (before lobbying), proposed policy (after lobbying) and the general outcome of prominent cases. The results indicate that the ability of groups to influence decision making process varies with the policy issues.
The institute of employee's disciplinary liability is one of the most significant institutes in Labour Law. The legal rules of this institute are intended not only to ensure the right of the employer, as the owner of his property, to ownership, but also to protect the employees from unjustified and illegal application of disciplinary liability. Since the United Kingdom has a long experience of regulating employment relationship, in the Article the legal regulation of employees' disciplinary liability in Lithuania is being compared with that country. The Article analyses the sources of labour law regulating this institute, in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom, the basis for disciplinary liability, the procedure of imposing disciplinary sanctions, the appeal of imposed disciplinary sanctions and bodies, resolving disputes arisen from these matters. This Article is based not only on the comparative analysis of the legal rules determined in the acts of these countries, but also on the practice of the courts and the material of labour law specialists concerning the disciplinary liability are scrutinized. The comparative analysis of the acts, regulating employees' disciplinary liability in Lithuania and in the United Kingdom, shows material differences of the legal regulation in both countries, detects certain flaws in the regulation and there are improvements of these flaws proposed in this Article.
