Suchergebnisse

Italy is a territory frequently affected by natural disasters that have a huge impact on urban transformations. The physical and socio-economical reconstruction process of a territory damaged by a traumatic event at first pursues the path of emergency management and subsequently the rehabilitation of the damaged areas. These political and economic strategies are still unsystematic, so it is difficult to foresee eithers long or short term effects. This paper presents an analysis carried out on the city of L'Aquila following the earthquake of 2009, in which indicators were defined to assess and monitor the reconstruction process. The method used to define the indicators is 'absolute', in such a way as to represent a replicable model that can be adapted to different territorial and emergency contexts. Furthermore, the set of indicators proposed can be used not only to monitor the reconstruction process, but also to guide public policies and to suggest shared strategic guidelines, not originated by the urgency of after-shock conditions. The proposed model is a tool to be used from the early stages of reconstruction, in order to predict the outcome of the reconstruction itself. In this way, it is possible to manage urban transformation in a coherent and organic way in all its phases by adopting a single tool. The use of the model shown in the research also makes it possible to enhance the resilience of a territory by exploiting its intrinsic characteristics.

The design of quality alternatives is still considered as a crucial is- sue in many decision-making contexts. When the problem consists of creating different options for sustainable urban development, the decision is even more critical since there are several needs, values and objectives to be investigated in order to identify the most satisfactory alternative from among those available. Addressing decisions to the good enough solution rather than to the optimal one depends on many reasons, such as: the difficulty to access and process the information needed to take a good decision; the instance of achieving a balance among different dimensions of urban development, namely the economic, environmental and social ones; the not always consensual preferences of the stakeholders involved in these kind of processes. Start- ing from these premises, what deserves to be explored and represents a major challenge in the context of design is the modeling phase, when objectives are identified and alternative strategies and actions are de- fined. In order to provide a contribution to the empirical line of re- search on alternative generation, the paper compares within a design process the Value-Focused Thinking approach, based on values' elicitation, in contrast to the Alternative-Focused Thinking (AFT), based on the generation of alternatives. The results point out the relevance of a Hybrid Practical Value Model consistent to a cyclical notion of the evaluation instead of a linear one.

Lack of appropriate animal waste management methods in many smallholder farms in the tropics often leads to environmental problems, especially in locations with high population density such as urban and peri-urban areas. On farms integrating pig production to fish farming, manure can be turned into a valuable feed source of high quality protein for fish through housefly larvae and contribute to intensify fish production and reduce cost of fish feed. Three experiments were carried to optimize operating conditions for maggot production on animal wastes and industrial byproducts found in Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The comparisons were: (1) production on pure substrates (manure or brewer's grains) or mixtures with lysine or blood; (2) exposure time to flies for the insemination of the substrates: and (3) dynamics of larvae production. Mixing brewers' grains with Lysine or manure and/or blood more than doubled the amount of larvae that were harvested. Brewers' grains are a good source of energy, but are probably deficient in essential amino acids to support the growth of maggots. It also appears that only the first days of laying eggs are important since no difference was observed between temporary and permanent exposure of the substrates to houseflies. The peak of larvae production was reached 6 days after exposure. The addition of cow blood in increasing doses to a mixture of brewers' grains and manure linearly increased the production of maggots.

In Burkina Faso, the sustainability of agricultural production systems presents major socio-economic and environmental challenges in relation with the importance of the agricultural sector in terms of assets and income. However, in the market gardening sector, scientific studies have shown that the current market gardening dynamics are characterised by frequent and often uncontrolled use of chemical inputs to the detriment of the preservation of natural resources, the health of consumers and the health of producers themselves. Through a multidisciplinary analysis of the sustainability of gardening farms in the Province of Houet supported by diverse methodological approaches, we have shown, through characterisation and typology, that the economic performance of market gardening farms is disparate according to specific factors of production environments (urban, peri-urban and rural). An assessment of the sustainability of these farms on the agroecological, socio-territorial and economic dimensions reveals that, in general, they have low scores on these three dimensions. Starting from the different constraints faced by women and their roles in gardening production, the study shows that the power of women is a real asset for the implementation of a policy for sustainable gardening in Burkina Faso. In addition, it shows that the commitment for sustainable change in gardening production methods is more or less linked with the stakes of land security. All the results obtained have inspired suggestions for a structural and sustainable orientation of current gardening production methods. ; (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019

In line with urban development based on disaster mitigation, the Eastern region of Padang City was developed as a residential area and education center, while the West region adjacent to the coast is an urban commercial area and business center. The transfer of the government center of Padang City to the East (Air Pacah, Koto Tangah District) in 2010 was one of the efforts to reduce the concentration of the population in the coastal area. After the earthquake and tsunami issue in 2009, it was seen changes and displacement of the population towards the east of the city with higher topographic conditions from the center of Padang City adjacent to the Indian Ocean. Based on BPS data from Padang City, in Padang Utara Subdistrict from 2009 to 2010 there was a decline in population, but in 2010 to 2015 there was a significant increase in population. Based on the City of Padang RTRW for 2010-2030, North Padang District is a tsunami prone area. From the above problems, it is important to conduct a study of the selection of housing locations in tsunami-prone areas with Research Question whether the variable price of rental housing, transportation costs and income of the head of household are considered the choice of housing location after the tsunami threat. Based on the results of the analysis, the variables of house rent, transportation costs and income of the family head influence the choice of home locations in tsunami-prone areas.

Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students.

AbstractIn recent decades, quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has been widely used to assess exposure to fecal microbes and associated health risks. In this study, a multipathway exposure assessment model was developed to evaluate exposure to fecal microbes for children under 5 in highly contaminated urban environments. Children had contact with various environmental compartments. The contamination levels of these compartments were estimated from fecal indicator counts in the environmental samples. Structured observations of child behavior (including activities, locations, and time) were used to model behavioral sequences as a dynamic network. The exposure model combines behavior sequences with environmental contamination, using additional exposure factors when needed, to estimate the number of fecal microbes transferred from environmental sources to human oral ingestion. As fecal exposure in a highly contaminated urban environment consists of contributions from multiple pathways, it is imperative to study their relative importance. The model helps us better understand the characteristics of the exposure pathways that may be driven by variation in contamination and by variable behavior, like hygiene and high‐risk activities. Importantly, the model also allows prediction of the quantitative effects of an intervention—the expected reduction in exposure due to infrastructural or behavioral changes—by means of scenario studies. Based on experience with this exposure model, we make specific recommendations for additional studies of child behavior and exposure factors in order to fill critical information gaps and improve the model structure and assumptions.

Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students.

This scientist was done at the office of the city's government of Tomohon was especially done with Regional Financial (Income, Financial, and Regional Assets) the city of Tomohon located in the North Sulawesi Province. While the implementation time of this research is from April 2018 to September 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of registration, data collection, assessment, determination, payment, service, collection and supervision in PBB-P2 collection by the Office of Revenue, Management of Finance and Regional Property in Tomohon. The population in this study are several individuals who are the source of data collection. The research sample is the Tomohon City Regional Revenue Service Officer who deals with Regional Taxes and Levies. In this study, the author uses descriptive methods. Data collection techniques used in this study are Field Research and Library Research. Data analysis was carried out by presenting the results obtained from research conducted to study and discuss the management of Land Taxes and Rural and Urban Buildings at the Tomohon City Regional Revenue Service. The conclusions of this study are: The implementation of PBB-P2 in the Department of Revenue, Management of Finance and Regional Property in Tomohon has followed the existing rules procedures and is in accordance with UN legislation, namely Law No. 12 of 2009 concerning Land and Building Taxes.Keywords :Tax assessments of the earth and the country and urban buildings

International audience ; The succession of urban planning documents, planning policies, the evolution of major planning projects and agricultural trends point to a shift in how land is conceived and a rethinking of the values and roles attributed to farmland on urban peripheries. A shift has occurred from viewing such land as a pool for construction to seeking to restore its role as a food source. Lille was chosen because it is a precursor in rethinking the ties between the city, nature and farming, as well as for the wealth of experimentation that has occurred (Deûle Park, notably). The reconfigurations underway – including in terms of how metropolitan services are organized – suggest a growing inclusion of policies aimed at planning and the management of open areas. ; La succession des documents d'urbanisme, les politiques de planification, l'évolution même des principaux projets d'aménagement, les trajectoires agricoles laissent apparaître une inflexion des modes de penser le foncier et une reconsidération des valeurs et des fonctions attribuées aux terres agricoles des périphéries urbaines. De gisement de la construction celui-ci est aujourd'hui réhabilité dans sa fonction alimentaire. L'exemple de Lille est utilisé en raison de la précocité des réflexions sur le renouvellement des liens entre ville, nature et agriculture ainsi que de la richesse des expérimentations entreprises (parc de la Deûle notamment). Les reconfigurations en cours, y compris en matière d'organisation des services métropolitains, suggèrent une intégration croissante des politiques d'aménagement et de gestion des espaces ouverts.

International audience ; The "Megadata, Linked Data and Data Mining for WasteWater Networks" (MeDo) project aims to use Web big data for learning about geometry andhistory of wastewater networks, by combining different data mining techniques and multiplying analysed sources. The improved knowledge will lead to enhanced management of hydraulic heritage and water resources and allow analysis of interactions between urban development policies and water management related challenges. ; Le projet "Mégadonnées, données liées et fouille de données pour les réseaux d'assainissement" (MeDo) a pour objectif de tirer profit des mégadonnées disponibles sur le web pour renseigner la géométrie et l'historique d'un réseau d'assainissement, en combinant différentes techniques de fouille de données et en multipliant les sources analysées. Par l'amélioration des connaissances sur le réseau d'assainissement, ce projet contribue à une meilleure gestion du patrimoine hydraulique existant et de la ressource en eau et permettra d'analyser les interactions entre les politiques de déve-loppement urbain et les enjeux liés à la gestion de l'eau. ABSTRACT. The "Megadata, Linked Data and Data Mining for WasteWater Net-works" (MeDo) project aims to use Web big data for learning about geometry and history of wastewater networks, by combining different data mining techniques and multiplying analysed sources. The improved knowledge will lead to enhanced management of hydraulic heritage and water resources and allow analysis of interactions between urban development policies and water management related challenges.

The aim of this workshop is to implement and evaluate an approach to transdisciplinary interaction, designed to address spatial planning in an inclusive manner. We propose to engage participants from different fields in an exercise of walking, recording and mapping as one combined participatory design (PD) methodology. Specifically, we reflect on the possibilities of pluralizing approaches to heritage making, by looking at how PD methodologies could be applied in this field. The workshop takes form as a participatory walking and data-collecting exercise with the finality to reflect on how creative processes that feed into fields determined by expert discourses, such as heritage making policies, could be enriched with the tools and methodologies of PD. Discussions about heritage are increasingly crucial to contemporary politics of remembrance and memorialization, which often intersect with wider political discussions on urban inclusion and diversity. Accordingly, and considering the main theme of the PDC 2018 conference, the workshop aims to foster a critical dialogue on how PD methodologies can support the creation of more inclusive urban environments that celebrate diversity and facilitate the development of alternative approaches to the making of heritage. During the workshop, the multidisciplinary approach to challenge and break into dominant institutionalized discourses is tested, discussed and refined. Moreover, we establish how this methodology could be implemented in response to wider concerns of PD and spatial planning.Full text at ACM

Violations of children rights are the grey areas in Pakistan that have grave consequences for the educational progress of students especially those studying at elementary level. This study probes the major children rights contravention at elementary level schools located in Pakistan; particularly in government sector schools where the learning course is usually taken by the principals and teachers as a regular affair without any fervent approach. In order to investigate the state of children rights in schools, principal, teachers and students from rural and urban area public sector institutions of Capital Territory Islamabad were taken as the sample for this study so that the state of these institutions in terms of providing basic rights to elementary students could be analyzed and it could be seen if they affect the performance of children in class or not. The result indicates the prevalence of several nuisance areas including corporal punishment, bullying, unhygienic environment, lack of educational facilities and proper infrastructure in these institutions which are directly affecting the performance of children in form of a decline in learning outcomes, specifically in rural areas where the use of physical punishment is reported to be practiced more in ratio as compared to urban areas. The study is significant as it explores issues and causes for children rights violations and suggests the necessary measures that would make the learning environment more conducive for students.

International audience ; The succession of urban planning documents, planning policies, the evolution of major planning projects and agricultural trends point to a shift in how land is conceived and a rethinking of the values and roles attributed to farmland on urban peripheries. A shift has occurred from viewing such land as a pool for construction to seeking to restore its role as a food source. Lille was chosen because it is a precursor in rethinking the ties between the city, nature and farming, as well as for the wealth of experimentation that has occurred (Deûle Park, notably). The reconfigurations underway – including in terms of how metropolitan services are organized – suggest a growing inclusion of policies aimed at planning and the management of open areas. ; La succession des documents d'urbanisme, les politiques de planification, l'évolution même des principaux projets d'aménagement, les trajectoires agricoles laissent apparaître une inflexion des modes de penser le foncier et une reconsidération des valeurs et des fonctions attribuées aux terres agricoles des périphéries urbaines. De gisement de la construction celui-ci est aujourd'hui réhabilité dans sa fonction alimentaire. L'exemple de Lille est utilisé en raison de la précocité des réflexions sur le renouvellement des liens entre ville, nature et agriculture ainsi que de la richesse des expérimentations entreprises (parc de la Deûle notamment). Les reconfigurations en cours, y compris en matière d'organisation des services métropolitains, suggèrent une intégration croissante des politiques d'aménagement et de gestion des espaces ouverts.

International audience ; The succession of urban planning documents, planning policies, the evolution of major planning projects and agricultural trends point to a shift in how land is conceived and a rethinking of the values and roles attributed to farmland on urban peripheries. A shift has occurred from viewing such land as a pool for construction to seeking to restore its role as a food source. Lille was chosen because it is a precursor in rethinking the ties between the city, nature and farming, as well as for the wealth of experimentation that has occurred (Deûle Park, notably). The reconfigurations underway – including in terms of how metropolitan services are organized – suggest a growing inclusion of policies aimed at planning and the management of open areas. ; La succession des documents d'urbanisme, les politiques de planification, l'évolution même des principaux projets d'aménagement, les trajectoires agricoles laissent apparaître une inflexion des modes de penser le foncier et une reconsidération des valeurs et des fonctions attribuées aux terres agricoles des périphéries urbaines. De gisement de la construction celui-ci est aujourd'hui réhabilité dans sa fonction alimentaire. L'exemple de Lille est utilisé en raison de la précocité des réflexions sur le renouvellement des liens entre ville, nature et agriculture ainsi que de la richesse des expérimentations entreprises (parc de la Deûle notamment). Les reconfigurations en cours, y compris en matière d'organisation des services métropolitains, suggèrent une intégration croissante des politiques d'aménagement et de gestion des espaces ouverts.