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We live in a self-proclaimed Urban Age, where we celebrate the city as the source of economic prosperity, a nurturer of social and cultural diversity, and a place primed for democracy. We proclaim the city as the fertile ground from which progress will arise. Without cities, we tell ourselves, human civilization would falter and decay. In Cities in the Urban Age, Robert A. Beauregard argues that this line of thinking is not only hyperbolic--it is too celebratory by half. For Beauregard, the city is a cauldron for four haunting contradictions. First, cities are equally defined by both their wealth and their poverty. Second, cities are simultaneously environmentally destructive and yet promise sustainability. Third, cities encourage rule by political machines and oligarchies, even as they are essentially democratic and at least nominally open to all. And fourth, city life promotes tolerance among disparate groups, even as the friction among them often erupts into violence. Beauregard offers no simple solutions or proposed remedies for these contradictions; indeed, he doesn't necessarily hold that they need to be resolved, since they are generative of city life. Without these four tensions, cities wouldn't be cities. Rather, Beauregard argues that only by recognizing these ambiguities and contradictions can we even begin to understand our moral obligations, as well as the clearest paths toward equality, justice, and peace in urban settings.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Illustrative Material -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Sustainability and the City? -- Introducing the sustainable city -- The sustainable city as process -- The sustainable city in the Urban Age -- Principles of the sustainable city: three approaches -- Contemporary theme 1: the low-carbon eco-city -- Contemporary theme 2: the resilient city -- Contemporary theme 3: the liveable city -- What's in a name? -- Key challenges -- Conclusions -- 2 Conceptualizing Urban Sustainability: The Process Perspective -- Introduction: focusing on the means, not the ends -- Transitions towards sustainable cities -- Urban sustainability as adaptive system process -- Governing for urban sustainability -- Conclusions -- 3 Past and Present Policy Discourses -- Introduction: sustainabilities new and old -- On policy discourse -- The sustainable city in response to the Industrial Age -- The emergence of 'the environment' -- Global sustainability agenda -- Ecological cities as economic cities -- The policy landscape: so what's new? -- Conclusions -- 4 The Global Picture -- Introduction: the evidence on the ground -- Methodological considerations -- Global trends -- From new city to retrofit innovation -- Technological versus social -- International partnerships -- Learning from the big picture -- Conclusions -- 5 New Governance Challenges -- Introduction: questioning the governance consensus -- Treasure Island -- Portland's EcoDistricts -- Common features of new-mode governance in practice -- Conclusions -- 6 The Rise of the Urban Sustainability Framework -- Introduction: global standards for local practices? -- Conceptualizing eco-city frameworks -- Similar but different: three replicable frameworks in comparison -- Tianjin Eco-City Key Performance Indicators -- Climate Positive Development Program -- One Planet Living.

Many Rust-Belt cities have seen almost half their populations move from inside the city borders to the surrounding suburbs and elsewhere since the 1970s. As populations shifted, neighborhoods changed—in their average income, educational profile, and housing prices. But the shift did not happen in every neighborhood at the same rate. Recent research has uncovered some of the patterns characterizing the process.

Der Beitrag stellt zunächst drei Datenkataloge vor, die für deutsche Städte eine kleinräumige Stadtbeobachtung auf Grundlage von untergemeindlichen Daten ermöglichen. Dass es für Stadtteildaten nicht nur eine Sammlung gibt, an der sich alle Städte beteiligen, ist unterschiedlichen Entstehungszusammenhängen geschuldet, in denen auf je verschiedene Anforderungen einzugehen war. Weiter werden Gütekriterien vorgeschlagen, die eine Einschätzung der Qualität derartiger Datensammlungen ermöglichen. Dafür werden aktuell diskutierte Standards und Verhaltenskodizes gesichtet, beurteilt und für die Ansprüche der deutschen Kataloge modifiziert. Schließlich werden die drei Kataloge auf dieser Grundlage beurteilt. Diese Beurteilung erlaubt allen Nutzerinnen und Nutzern untergemeindlicher Daten, die aus mehr als einer Kommune stammen, die Reichweite und Sicherheit ihrer darauf fußenden Analysen besser einschätzen zu können.

This paper provides empirical evidence that helps to answer several key questions relating to the extent of urban sprawl in Europe. Building on the monocentric city model, this study uses existing data sources to derive a set of panel data for 282 European cities at three time points (1990, 2000 and 2006). Two indices of urban sprawl are calculated that, respectively, reflect changes in artificial area and the levels of urban fragmentation for each city. These are supplemented by a set of data on various economic and geographical variables that might explain the variation of the two indices. Using a Hausman-Taylor estimator and random regressors to control for the possi- ble correlation between explanatory variables and unobservable city-level effects, we find that the fundamental conclusions of the standard monocentric model are valid in the European context for both indices. Although the variables generated by the monocentric model explain a large part of the variation of artificial area, their explanatory power for modelling the fragmentation index is relatively low.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses intergovernmental relations of local governments in Ethiopia. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Ethiopia. To access the full version of the report on Ethiopia, other practices regarding intergovernmental relations of local governments and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

Drawing together research from an international team of contributors, this book provides a systematic overview of small cities. Centering on urban change as opposed to pure ethnographic description, it focuses on informed empirical research that raises many important issues

"Cities have long been associated with diversity and tolerance, but from Jerusalem to Belfast to the Basque Country, many of the most intractable conflicts of the past century have played out in urban spaces. The contributors to this interdisciplinary volume examine the interrelationships of ethnic, racial, religious, or other identity conflicts and larger battles over sovereignty and governance. Under what conditions do identity conflicts undermine the legitimacy and power of nation-states, empires, or urban authorities? Does the urban built environment play a role in remedying or exacerbating such conflicts? Employing comparative analysis, these case studies from the Middle East, Europe, and South and Southeast Asia advance our understanding of the origins and nature of urban conflict"--Publisher's description.