Suchergebnisse

The article aims to evaluate the process of creation and the content of urban development strategies of Polish cities in the context of the premises of the reform of the development management system in 2020 and recommendations from the literature. The evaluation focuses on two aspects: integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning, and the implementation scheme. The analysis covered four regional capitals that have adopted new strategies: Gorzów Wielkopolski, Łódź, Białystok, and Lublin. The research was pursued by reviewing strategies and interviewing individuals responsible for creating the strategy. The findings confirm that the goal of integration of socio-economic and spatial development planning has proved difficult to accomplish, and legislative changes have failed to overcome the dysfunction of development planning in Poland. Considering implemen-tation schemes, the approach to monitoring and evaluation was appreciated, while insti-tutional implementation systems raised some issues. The article offers some explanations of local governments' attitudes to strategic planning, highlights best practices and advice for development policies, and presents city representatives' views on legislative changes.

Despite one of the fastest rates of economic growth among the European Union countries in 2010-2019, Poland did not experience any significant improvement in meeting the housing needs of less affluent households. The stock of municipal housing is characterised by low availability and a high degree of asset depreciation as well as growing rent arrears. In the face of the upcoming economic downturn caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, the implementation of municipal tasks in the field of housing will be further hindered. To prevent this, the authors present a number of recommendations for regulatory changes for local government units and central institutions that will improve the implementation of the state's housing policies in the field of municipal housing.

The aim of the study is to indicate structural mechanisms of revitalization of urban residential and settlement housing in post-war developed market economies and in Poland after 1989. In an attempt to achieve this goal, a retrospective approach was applied. A rather one-sided sharpening of the shortcomings of the revitalization presented in the paper by submitting them to structural mechanical dependencies served to suggest deeper sources of sufficiently ambiguous results in this field related to the paradigm of market economic growth. In this way, the necessity was indicated to counteract this approach towards the realization of the paradigm of sustainable development as an indispensable condition for satisfying achievements in the field of revitalization of fragments of space inhabited as an important factor of balancing the development of the inhabited space. Against this background, significant opportunities exist for revitalizing activities, giving the chances of running beyond the mechanical rhythm of market waves, in older housing estates with inherited solid functional and spatial composition.

"Autorzy przedstawili zagadnienia związane z przekształceniami przestrzeni - w tym zabudowanej - oraz przemianami środowiska przyrodniczego. Omówili też nowe instytucje, technologie i regulacje prawne powstające w odpowiedzi na współczesne wyzwania. Celem publikacji było zidentyfikowanie obserwowanych zjawisk klimatycznych, ich wpływu na środowisko zurbanizowane, a także możliwości wykorzystania rozwiązań technologicznych i narzędzi raportowania wspierających podejmowanie decyzji inwestycyjnych oraz gospodarowanie nieruchomościami."--

The aim of this paper is to indicate how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may determine the key directions of urban spatial policy in Poland. Therefore, the following aspects have been analyzed: the guidelines arising from the medical point of view (in terms of health policy priorities) and the key theses of the international scientific discussion on changes in urban spatial policies. Based on the above analysis as well as on the indicated current possibilities of planning solutions in Poland, recommendations will be developed on the directional issues of urban spatial policy. The paper will determine to what extent individual postulates can be implemented in the Polish reality. Recommendations developed in this way will reflect a universal dimension - making it possible to refer to the majority of development and spatial documents of Polish cities (in particular development strategies and studies of spatial development conditions and directions). An important contribution of the paper will also be an attempt to take an interdisciplinary approach to the medical and urban planning perspective and translate it into concrete postulates.

Cohesion policy has a significant influence on the form of investments in cities. This refers, in particular, to states that participate in cohesion policy and those that do not have a significant own development policy. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibilities to support towns and cities and their functional areas in the 2021-2027 financial framework in the context of the previous approach of the European Union to the development of urban areas and solving their problems. It is worth noting that the Euro-pean Union has wide experience in this area, dating back to the URBAN Pilot Projects and URBAN initiatives. The author also analyses the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the potential support for cities in the 2021-2027 perspective. The proposed conditions and instruments were also referred to the needs of towns and cities and the challenges that they are currently facing.

The following draft of the Code aims to regulate investment processes in the field of local planning and spatial development (urban planning) as well as in the field of architecture and construction.

The subject of the article are some of the relationships and analogies between urban space shaping and public policy making in the broad sense, both on the city (here Warsaw as a case study) and general, nationwide scale. It seems reasonable to claim that the state of public space in the physical sense to a large extent depends on the dominating concept and the performance of public policy pursued at different levels. But, vice versa, as well, i.e. the latter is often the product or in some sense reflects the established patterns of attitudes towards public places available and generally attended to, e.g. in an urban environment.

Enactment of the Polish Act on Urban Regeneration has granted municipalities new opportunities of using spatial policy development tools, including ones related to the legal, spatial, and participatory domain. The inefficiency of public authorities in the spatial management system manifests itself in insufficient skills as well as the lack of will and determination to shape and protect spatial order. Speaking of urban regeneration, this inefficiency becomes evident, but not only, in the erroneous or incomplete diagnosis of issues that should trigger regeneration processes; the lack of prompt and thoughtful response to the diagnosed problems; the lack of active cooperation with stakeholders (attributable both to the low level of social capital and the attitude of bureaucrats). Ultimately, this inefficiency leads to the implementation of the municipal regeneration program only by public authorities and not by regeneration stakeholders. Based on these findings, the article seeks to determine whether and to what extent urban regeneration tools can reduce the inefficiency of public authorities in the spatial management system (in relation to areas subject to regeneration). The conducted analysis of case studies demonstrates that regeneration tools are not employed to their full potential (to unlock all the related benefits). Participation tools are not fully utilized, either (especially those linked to the operation of the Urban Regeneration Committee).

The article aims to answer the question what factors determine the possibility of instrumental use of culture for urban development. The article refers to the empirical research (conducted in 41 cities) which is based on the theory of cultural value by John Holden. According to its theoretical assumptions, the cultural value, generated by entities operating in the cultural sector and defined from the perspective of different stakeholders, is the result of three different values: institutional, instrumental and intrinsic. The research shows that the most important areas affecting the possibility of using culture for urban development are: tangible and intangible resources, cultural policy and creative capital. The most worrying problem for the possible use of culture lies in the lack of dialogue and consensus in cultural policy.

The aim of the paper is an overview of urban planning ideas and factors affecting development of towns and cities in the western part of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Greater Poland, part of Pomerania, Kingdom of Poland, Galicia) that had a real impact on the quality of life of city dwellers in the period between the demise of the Polish-Lithuanian state (1795) and the World War One (1914). In the paper I deal mainly with the restructuring of the urban fabric in the towns and cities in question in the first half of the nineteenth century, which had a decisive impact on urban development before 1914. I analyse also the main selected urban planning elements that had the closest ties with the developmental factors: the process of creating tree-lined alleys, roads and boulevards, the creation of railway districts, the impact of the military factors on urban forms and the expansion of urban greenery. It is completed by conclusions, which also discuss the urban planning regulations. Some significant elements are not mentioned: the idea of garden cities or urban land incorporations, which pertained to peripheral areas and started to change the urban landscape often only in the last years of the period. The paper is based on the existing scholarly literature and the previous research of the author, and has a review-oriented and interpretational character. It results in a new attempt at a partial, though stretching beyond the partition borders, synthesis of the urban development in the Central Europe, or – as this region is often called in the Polish literature – the East-Central Europe.

The aim of the article is to assess city offices' involvement in creating proper conditions for inhabitants to cooperate with the usage of various forms and tools of social participation. The research results show that cities with poviat rights in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship use social participation because they are well acquainted with the benefits it provides. They collect inhabitants' opinions and at the same time it provides them with information of public character in the sphere of local government functioning. Public consultations are carried out as a sign of cooperation and local communities can co-decide on certain issues concerning public life. Cooperation with non-governmental organizations in many areas is also undertaken and citizens' initiatives are supported. Additionally, local authorities use civil budgets to mobilize citizens to act for a given territorial unit development.

W wyniku zmian ustroju Polski po 1989 r. podmiotowość odzyskały samorządy terytorialne, na które nałożono obowiązek zaspokojenia zbiorowych potrzeb społeczności lokalnych, wymieniając podstawowe zadania w tym zakresie. Zadania te sprowadzić można do dbałości o rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy oraz o zagospodarowania przestrzenne. To dla osiągnięcia tych celów samorządy lokalne opracowują strategie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego oraz studia uwarunkowania i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego, a także miejscowe plany zagospodarowania (phisycal plans) i przystępują do ich realizacji. Niedoskonałość regulacji prawnych, zwłaszcza dotyczących gospodarki przestrzennej oraz nie zawsze dobrze zrozumiane zadania samorządu w tym zakresie sprawiają, że często nie lokalna władza, a inwestorzy, właściciele nieruchomości, deweloperzy budownictwa mieszkaniowego, konsorcja projektowo-budowlane, a także różnego rodzaju spekulanci mają wpływ na dokonujące się zmiany. Innym zadaniem dla władz lokalnych, które należy rychło podjąć, a czego regulacje prawne znajdują się w fazie ustalania, jest rewitalizacja zdegradowanych obszarów miast oraz terenów wiejskich. Nie może pozostać poza sferą zainteresowania samorządów polskich miast polityka miejska, do czego zobowiązuje członkostwo w Unii Europejskiej, jakkolwiek brak jest stosownych regulacji prawnych w tym względzie. Przez okres 25 lat polskie samorządy lokalne stały się bardziej dojrzałe, umocniły swoją pozycję gospodarza terenu i coraz lepiej wykonują swoje zadania. Nie oznacza to tego, że nie może być lepiej. Działalność struktur samorządowych wymaga odpolitycznienia, priorytetowego potraktowania interesu ogólnospołecznego, uspołecznienia procesu decyzyjnego dotyczącego rozwoju oraz odejścia od kliencko-patronackiego modelu sprawowania władzy. ; As a result of the changes in Poland's political system after 1989, self-government has regained agency as administrative entity and is now obliged to satisfy the collective needs of local communities. There is a list of the basic tasks vested in local self-government and they generally involve taking care of socio-economic and spatial development. To accomplish these goals, local government authorities work out strategies of socio-economic development, prepare studies of the conditions and directions of spatial development, and draw up local development plans.However, because of inadequate legal regulations, especially those concerning spatial economy, and sometimes also due to a poor understanding of the tasks, it frequently happens that entities in control of the changes are not local authorities, as should be the case, but investors, property owners, housing construction developers, design-construction consortia, or all kinds of speculators. Another urgent task before local authorities (the legal regulations of which are still being drawn up) is revitalisation of the degraded parts of towns and rural areas. Urban policy cannot be of no interest to the local authorities of Polish towns, since it became obligatory when Poland joined the European Union. And yet, there are no legal regulations in this field either. For the last twenty-five years, Polish local self-government has gained in maturity, has strengthened its position as manager of its areas, and has performed its tasks ever better. This, however, does not mean that there is no room for further improvement. The activity of self-government structures needs de-politicising, giving priority to general social interests, socialising the development-related decision-making process, and departing from the client-patron model of exercising power.

Sustainable development requires reconciling the requirements of agricultural land protection with increased investment needs in industry and housing, but also with respect for environmental protection requirements. These objectives should also be pursued in relation to agricultural land within the administrative boundaries of cities. However, with regard to agricultural land in cities, there is a clear conflict between the needs of investors and the resulting pressure to invest and the protection of agricultural land. The analysis of such determined research topic required a territorial approach to the protection of agricultural land, which is reflected in spatial planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Polish legislation from the point of view of the admissibility of change to agricultural land use in urban areas. ; Zrównoważony rozwój wymaga pogodzenia wymogów ochrony gruntu rolnego ze zwiększonymi potrzebami inwestycyjnymi w przemyśle i budownictwie mieszkaniowym, a także z poszanowaniem wymogów ochrony środowiska. Cele te powinny być realizowane również w odniesieniu do gruntów rolnych położonych w granicach administracyjnych miast. W odniesieniu do gruntów rolnych w miastach dochodzi jednak do jaskrawego konfliktu pomiędzy potrzebami inwestorów i wynikającą z tego presją na realizację inwestycji oraz ochroną gruntów rolnych. Analiza tak zakreślonego tematu badawczego wymagała podejścia terytorialnego do ochrony użytkowej gruntów rolnych, co znajduje swój wyraz w planowaniu przestrzennym. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza polskiego ustawodawstwa pod kątem dopuszczalności zmiany przeznaczenia gruntów rolnych na obszarach miast.