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Perspectives on Urban Infrastructure -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 The Evolution of the Urban Infrastructure in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- INTRODUCTION -- URBAN NETWORKS AND WALKING CITIES: A PERIOD OF FOUNDATIONS, 1790-1855 -- The Development of Urban Infrastructure -- Financing Infrastructure in the Walking City -- Engineers and Urban Technology -- Conclusion -- CONSTRUCTING THE CORE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CENTRAL CITIES, 1855-1910 -- Introduction -- Municipal Provision of Infrastructure -- Institutional and Political Changes in Infrastructure Supply and Distribution -- Financing Infrastructure -- Engineering and Science Development -- THE DOMINATION OF THE AUTOMOBILE AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE FEDERAL ROLE, 1910-1956 -- The Automobile Revolution, 1910-1930 -- The New Deal -- Professional Developments -- The Postwar Period -- THE RISE OF THE OUTER CITY AND RECENT TRENDS INFLUENCING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, 1956-1982 -- Changing Fiscal Trends -- The Environmental Movement -- Mass Transit -- Alternative Systems -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Bibliography -- DISCUSSION -- Randy Hamilton -- Wilfred Owen -- Abel Wolman -- SUMMARY -- 2 Assessing Infrastructure Needs: The State of the Art -- INTRODUCTION -- The Infrastructure Problem -- National Needs -- The Challenge Ahead -- DEFINING NEEDS -- Needs Versus Desirable Improvements -- The Needs Assessment Process -- The Role of Standards -- Summary -- THE CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROCESS -- Defining Conditions -- Condition Assessment Measures -- The National Bridge Inspection Program -- The New York City Water Distribution System -- THE INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Estimating Investment Requirements -- A Framework for Investment Decisions -- The EPA Needs Survey -- The Wisconsin Department of Transportation's Approach to Investment Programming.

Intro -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 - Describing the Elephant -- 2 - Emergence of the Information Sector -- 3 - The Information Sector in Metropolitan Economies -- 4 - Metropolitan Income and Growth -- 5 - Income Convergence and Poverty in Metropolitan Areas -- 6 - Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- Appendix -- References -- Index.

Cities and Their Vital Systems -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Cities and Infrastructure: Synthesis and Perspectives -- REFERENCES -- 2 The Dynamic Characterization of Cities -- EVOLUTION OF A CITY -- COMPARISON OF CITIES -- DATA COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION -- Statistical Analysis -- Data Presentation and Results -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A SELECTED STUDY VARIABLES: EXPLANATORY NOTES -- APPENDIX B CHARACTERISTICS OF EIGHT U.S. CITIES (ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES) -- 3 How Cities Grew in the Western World: A Systems Approach -- A DUAL MODEL OF URBAN SYSTEMS: ECONOMIC EXCHANGE AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS -- THE DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND CHANGE -- IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURES -- REFERENCES -- 4 Urban Systems and Historical Path Dependence -- THE EVOLUTION OF LOCATIONAL PATTERNS: THREE MODELS -- Model I. Pure Necessity: Location under Independent Preferences -- Model 2. Pure Chance: Location by Spin-Off -- Model 3. Chance and Necessity: Location under Agglomeration Economies -- PATH-DEPENDENCE AND CONVEXITY -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 An Economic Model of Urban Growth -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX -- 6 Growth of U.S. Cities and Recent Trends in Urban Real Estate Values -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL METROPOLITAN INFRASTRUCTURE -- INFRASTRUCTURE LESSONS FROM GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY -- PAYING FOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NEW SERVICE ECONOMY -- INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE LOCAL SCALE -- HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSING UNITS IN THE LARGEST CITIES -- Socioeconomic Status of Households -- Stage in the Household Life Cycle -- Race and Ethnicity -- SOCIAL STATUS AND HOUSING VALUE OF NEIGHBORHOODS -- Chicago -- Los Angeles -- New York City -- COMPARING CENTRAL CITY AND METROPOLITAN AREA HOUSING VALUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Infrastructures for Movement: Past and Future -- METHODOLOGY -- Case 1: The Malthusian Population.