Suchergebnisse

Urbana komasacija, institut javnog građevinskog prava, sredstvo je komunalne politike kojom su se jedinice lokalne samouprave država srednje Europe tijekom XX. stoljeća najviše koristile i kojom se još uvijek koriste u postupku uređenja građevinskog zemljišta. Urbanom komasacijom omogućuje se smišljeno, svrhovito i gospodarski opravdano plošno urbanističko planiranje i usklađivanje privatnog i javnog interesa, zaštita vlasničkih prava, ali ne i »geometrije« vlasništva. U ovom radu prikazuje se postupak provedbe urbane komasacije u Bavarskoj: sudionici, tijela za provedbu postupka, dodjela građevinskih čestica oblikovanih sukladno provedbenom urbanističkom planu, postupci izračuna pripadajućih površina i primjer raspodjele unesenih privatnih površina prema mjerilu vrijednosti i prema mjerilu površine. ; Urban land consolidation is an institute of public construction law and a means of the most frequently used communal policy in local self-government units in central European countries during the 20th century. It is still used in the procedures of building land consolidation. Urban land consolidation renders possible rational, purposeful, and cost-effective town planning as well as the harmonisation of the private and public interests, and protection of property rights. The author shows the process of urban land consolidation in Bavaria. The paper outlines the information about the parties in the procedure, the bodies in charge of the procedure, appropriation of building lots formed in accordance with the executive zoning plan, procedures for calculating the appropriate areas, and an example of distribution of private building lots according to their market value and their area.

An increasing number of population in the cities has problems with food security, transportation and environmental protection. To misticate these problems, a new type of agriculture has been established: Urban Agriculture (UA). In this paper, we are introducing the concept of UA and provide basic information on the definition and forms of UA. The article aims to provide insight into the general concept of UA for sustainable city development. UA has a positive influence on social, environmental and economic life in the cities, which should encourage members of the government and private sector to utilize UA as an important part in city planning. However, there are reservations which should be taken into account, but by raising awareness we add to a better understanding of mechanisms in UA. ; Sve veći broj stanovništva u gradovima dovodi do problema s opskrbom hrane, prijevozom roba i usluga i zaštitom okoliša. Kako bi se ublažile posljedice i ponudila rješenja, uspostavljena je nova vrsta poljoprivrede: Gradska poljoprivreda (GP). U ovom radu uvodimo koncept GP i dajemo osnovne informacije o definiciji i oblicima GP. Cilj je članka dati uvid u opći koncept GP kao podlogu za održivi razvoj grada. GP ima pozitivan utjecaj na društveni, okolišni i ekonomski život u gradovima, što bi trebalo potaknuti predstavnike grada i privatnog sektora da GP koriste kao važan dio u planiranju razvoja grada. Međutim, postoje ograničenja koja bi trebalo uzeti u obzir, ali povećanjem svijesti i objavom publikacija doprinosimo boljem razumijevanju GP.

U ovome broju časopisa Etnološka tribina objavljujemo temat koji problematizira javne prostore. Radovi u tematu bave se simboličkim i jezičnim preoznačavanjem javnog prostora prilikom demonstracija u Istanbulu 2013. godine (Selvelli); konfliktnim vizijama modernosti kroz izgradnju i mijenu javnih prostora u srpskom gradu Jagodina (Petrović); procesima evaluacije urbanih javnih prostora u različitim dijelovima Lisabona (Gato); kognitivnim mapiranjem kretanja u američkom gradu Austinu obilježenom rasnom diferencijacijom (Norkunas); javnim prostorima i njihovim oživljavanjem kroz projekte urbanog vrtlarenja i biciklizma (Poljak Istenič); mentalnim mapiranjem i percepcijom straha u primjerima estonskoga prostora (Hiiemäe); interakcijama zagrebačkih sakupljača boca i njihovom (ne)vidljivošću u javnom prostoru (Vukušić i Stelko); te situacionističkim konceptom dérive kao oblikom suvremene urbane etnografije propitane na primjeru Delhija (Sharanya). Radovima koji se bave javnim prostorima u raznim gradovima svijeta želimo, između ostaloga, pokrenuti i raspravu o potencijalnu urbanih politika i suvremenog urbanog života prema razvijanju participatornog te društveno i okolišno održivog grada. ; The thematic section of this year's issue of Etnološka tribina focuses on public spaces. The articles deal with the spatial and linguistic reappropriation and resignification of public space during the protests in Gezi Park, Istanbul in 2013 (Selvelli); conflicting versions of modernity engendered by the construction of and changes made to public spaces in the Serbian town of Jagodina (Petrović); processes of evaluating urban public spaces in Lisbon (Gato); cognitive mapping of movement and race issues in Austin, Texas (Norkunas); public spaces and their revival through urban gardening and cycling (Poljak Istenič); mental mapping and the perception of danger in Estonian spatial examples (Hiiemäe); bottle collectors' interactions and their (in)visibility in public spaces in Zagreb (Vukušić and Stelko); the Situationist concept of dérive as a form of contemporary urban ethnography as discussed through the example of Delhi (Sharanya). The underlying intention of this thematic section is to foster an interdisciplinary discussion concerning the potentials of contemporary urban life and politics so as to develop a participatory, just, as well as socially and environmentally sustainable city.

Pitanje prave mjere decentralizacije unutar Grada Zagreba analizira se u širem okviru. Ističe se decentralizacija kao jedan od temeljnih reformskih procesa u suvremenim političko-upravljačkim sustavima europskih zemalja. No, decentralizacija nije jedini proces koji utječe na formiranje dobrih standarda upravljanja gradovima: nužno je uzeti u obzir i doktrinu dobrog upravljanja, koju podupire Europska unija, niz drugih međunarodnih organizacija, ali i sve veći broj zemalja. U ostvarenju standarda dobrog gradskog upravljanja razmatra se uloga mjesne samouprave u Hrvatskoj, a napose u velikim gradovima i Gradu Zagrebu. Upozorava se da osnivanje preko dvije stotine mjesnih odbora kao zasebnih pravnih osoba vodi prema fragmentaciji Grada Zagreba i bitno otežava ili čak i onemogućuje integrirano gradsko upravljanje i smisleno rješavanje urbanih i upravljačkih problema. ; The issue of adequate decentralisation within the City of Zagreb is analysed in the broader frame. Decentralisation is one of the main reform processes of the current governance system in European countries. However, decentralisation is not the only process that influences the standards of good urban governance. Good governance doctrine, supported and implemented in the European Union, many other international organisations, and increasing number of countries world-wide, should be taken into consideration as well. The role of territorial selfgovernment below municipal level in implementation of good urban governance standards in Croatia, especially within large cities and the City of Zagreb, is discussed. It should be emphasised that establishing more than two hundred of territorial committees as separate and full legal entities can cause managerial fragmentation in the City of Zagreb and hinder or even impede integral urban management and sound solving of numerous urban and managerial problems.

Gotovo pola stoljeća urbano planiranje u Hrvatskoj razvijalo se u okviru socijalističkoga režima. Ono je tijekom toga razdoblja uglavnom imalo ulogu rješavanja hitnih problema razvoja socijalističkoga režima vezanih za prostor i omogućavanja gospodarskoga rasta. Ovaj članak analizira urbano planiranje u Hrvatskoj između 1944. i 1991. godine kroz osam aspekata: opću zadaću planiranja u promatranoj etapi, zakonsku regulativu, odnos prema društvenom planiranju, političkoinstitucionalnu odgovornost, utjecaj urbanih planera na planersku praksu, provedbu planova, sudjelovanje javnosti i odnos prema okolišu. Analizirani su arhivski podatci i literatura o zakonodavstvu i praksi urbanoga, prostornoga i društvenoga planiranja u SR Hrvatskoj, uključujući planerske časopise Arhitekturu i Čovjek i prostor, kao i plansku legislativu iz socijalističkoga razdoblja. Definirano je pet razvojnih etapa kroz koje je urbano planiranje doživjelo decentralizaciju od federalne do razine općine (komune) te napredak glede sudjelovanja javnosti i razmatranja utjecaja na okoliš. Također je analiziran razvoj planskih alata nastalih tijekom socijalističkoga razdoblja, a koji su ostali u upotrebi do danas. ; For almost half of a century, urban planning in Croatia took place under the socialist regime. During that time, it mostly played a role in addressing the pressing space-related issues of the development of socialist society, and in facilitating economic growth. In this paper, we examine urban planning in Croatia between 1944 and 1991 from eight aspects: the general roles of planning; legislation; relationship to societal planning; political-institutional responsibility; urban planners and policy; plan execution; public participation; and environmental concerns. We analysed archival data and literature on urban, spatial and societal planning legislation and practices in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, including the planning journals Arhitektura and Čovjek i prostor, and planning legislation from the socialist period. We outlined the five evolutionary phases over which urban planning experienced decentralisation from the federal to the communal level, advancements in public participation, and the involvement of environmental considerations in the decision-making process. We also studied the evolution of planning tools, which originated in the socialist period but remains in use today.

U tekstu se prikazuju prvi poratni napori u očuvanju i restauriranju spomenika bombardiranog Senja te planovi za njegovo revitaliziranje. Stanje u Senju stavlja se u povijesnu perspektivu istraživanja započetih u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća, a prvih pet godina konzervatorskog djelovanja prikazuje se prema arhivskim vrelima u tekstu i slici. Uz već poznata imena hrvatskih konzervatora, u tekstu se donose podaci o ulozi Vuka Krajača u planiranju očuvanja i razvitka toga povijesnoga grada. ; The paper examines information from the history of research and preservation of both individual monuments and the urban image of Senj. While the focus of interest is on the years following the Second World War, the frst section of the text recalls the pre-war national tradition of town research. The author argues that, in depicting events in the wake of wartime devastation, an account could to be given either of continuity or of the setting up of new principles in conservation and urban planning. Thus the frst portion of the paper centres on researchers who, prior to the bombardments, had set up a kind of cult of monuments in Senj as a nationally relevant town. This was a tradition launched by Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski in his travelogues and topographic descriptions of the monuments and then picked up by local researchers Stjepan Sabljak, Mile Magdić and Pavao Tijan. From the mid-19th to the mid-20th century, this creation of the image of Senj as a heritage setting was equally the work of travel writers, painters and photographers. The nearly hundred-year-old tradition saw contributions from renowned scholars Gjuro Szabo and Artur Schneider, as well as photographers Ivan Standl, Ljudevit Griesbach and Josip Kratochwill. After the bombardments, Senj awoke to the end of the Second World War as one of the most devastated of Croatian towns. Following the initial reactions of Senj photographer Ivan Stella in 1943 and the first inspection by conservator Tihomil Stahuljak in 1945, life in the ravaged town continued in the new state. The official attitude to Senj also indicates problems in the setting up of a new conservation system in the People's Republic of Croatia. The town was relatively far away from both Zagreb and Rijeka, situated at the ends of the regional offices' jurisdictions. In the months after the war, the town was inspected by Zagreb conservators Ljubo Karaman, Anđela Horvat and Ana Deanović, and, once the Conservation Department in Rijeka was established, the task was taken up by Mladen and Branko Fučić, Aleksandar Perc and Iva Perčić. The paper reveals records from the archives of the Conservation Department in Zagreb, kept by the Croatian Ministry of Culture. In a chronological overview, information is presented from travel reports, studies and correspondence from the time of the Five-Year Plans, a period that was quite promising for Senj. These practical assessments and recommendations are examined in their social context, i.e. within the framework of political reforms by the new communist state. While the Zagreb and Rijeka conservators drafted basic documents such as the Protocol on the Protection of Heritage in the Town of Senj of 1947, insisting on the concepts of maximum preservation of the historical setting, the inability to set up a permanent conservator in the town opened the way for appointments of honorary conservators. Although only appointed in 1949, Vuk Krajač was recognized soon after the war as an important ally of conservation ofcials. He authored the Study on the Regulation of the Town and Port of Senj of February 1949, where he discussed the preservation of the character of the historical town setting (as seen by the influential Gjuro Szabo prior to the devastation) and its development into a socialist town: one wellconnected and with developed industry and tourism, growth of population, cultural activity, physical culture and trade. The article draws attention to how the ravaged historical setting of Senj was treated. Krajač, as a man with the confdence of Zagreb and Rijeka conservators, fought in his home town for procedures of reconstruction (Gulden Tower and Lipica Tower) and adaptation with stylistic restoration (transformations of Vukasović Palace into the City Museum, Ježić Palace into a theatre building and the Grand Magazines into state ofces and ofcials' residences), as well as for substitutional new architecture with commemorative features (project for the Uskok Mausoleum at the site of the demolished St. Francis' Church). He took the city walls with their towers, as depicted by Valvasor, as a model for the efforts to bring the town back to life.

Cilj istraživanja je prikaz cjelovitog i značajnog utjecaja urbanog vodnog sustava na okoliš, odnosno zaštitu okoliša u kontekstu povećanja korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije, te kako takvi izvori energije utječu na klimatske promjene općenito. U obnovljive izvore energije ubrajaju se: energija vjetra, energija vode, energija Sunca, energija vodika, geotermalna energija, energija biomase, energija plime i oseke, energija valova, energija hladnoće iz svemira i druge. Primjena načela održivog razvoja dovodi do potrebe za korištenjem obnovljivih izvora energije, usavršavanjem tehničkih karakteristika i funkcioniranja istih, te pronalaženjem novih metoda i tehnologija za konačno napuštanje korištenja neobnovljivih izvora energije. U tu svrhu nužno je voditi politiku koja je temeljena na strateškom planiranju i korištenju integriranog pristupa u upravljanju i gospodarenju urbanih vodnih sustava. ; The aim of the research is to present the overall and significant impact of the urban water system on the environment, i.e. environmental protection in the context of increasing the use of renewable energy sources, and how such energy sources affect climate change in general. Renewable energy sources include: wind energy, water energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, wave energy, cold energy from space and others. The application of the principles of sustainable development leads to the need to use renewable energy sources, improve their technical characteristics and functioning, and find new methods and technologies to finally abandon the use of non-renewable energy sources. To this end, it is necessary to pursue a policy based on strategic planning and the use of an integrated approach in the operation and management of urban water systems.

Through the case of the rural-urban continuum model in China, this study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of local government's policy intervention in promoting equitable quality of early childhood education in rural and urban areas through multi-stakeholders' voices. With simultaneous mixed method approach and self-developed instruments, the authors collected 891 valid parent questionnaires, 184 teacher questionnaires, 52 observational evaluation scales, and conducted interviews with 13 kindergarten principals and 6 administrators. The data were analysed by SPSS and NVIVO Plus. The findings show that a) rural and urban parents' satisfaction levels had significant difference in terms of kindergartens' cost and environment conditions; b) rural and urban teachers exhibited significant difference only when evaluating their professional attitudes and access to material support; c) researchers found no significant difference in quality of play activities and group teaching between rural and urban kindergarten classes, while significant difference was found in child care activities; d) principals perceived positively the effectiveness of the RUC model, yet had big concerns about teachers' quality, and e) government intervention was proved to be a key factor enhancing equitable quality in rural and urban areas. ; Cilj ove studije je, putem slučaja trajnog modela ruralno-urbanog razvoja u Kini, glasovima više dionika provesti evaluaciju učinkovitosti intervencija lokalnih vlada na razini politika u promoviranje pravedne kvalitete predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja u ruralnim i urbanim područjima. Primjenom pristupa istodobno kombiniranih metoda i instrumenata koje su istraživači sami razvili, autori su izradili 891 upitnik za roditelje, 184 upitnika za učitelje, 52 evaluacijska upitnika, te su proveli intervjue s 13 ravnatelja dječjih vrtića i 6 administratora. Podatke su analizirali s pomoću SPSS i NVIVO Plus. Rezultati pokazuju: a) da se razina zadovoljstva cijenom vrtića i uvjetima uvelike razlikuje između ruralnih i urbanih roditelja, b) da se ruralni i urbani učitelji uvelike razlikuju samo u evaluaciji svojih profesionalnih stavova i pristupa materijalnoj podršci, c) da istraživači nisu našli značajne razlike u kvaliteti aktivnosti igara i grupnom podučavanju između sati u ruralnim i urbanim vrtićima; značajne razlike su ustanovljene u aktivnostima skrbi za djecu, d) da ravnatelji učinkovitost modela RUC ocjenjuju pozitivno, no dosta ih se brine o kvaliteti učitelja, e) da su se vladine intervencije pokazale ključnim čimbenikom u povećanju pravedne kvalitete obrazovanja u ruralnim i urbanim područjima.

Identitet je skup značajki koje određuju posebnost pojedinca ili skupine u smislu različitosti ili pripadnosti u odnosu na druge pojedince ili skupine pa, susljedno tome, identificirati se znači (samo)odrediti se. Budući da je prostor ključni tvorbeni element u procesu formiranja identiteta, osobito nacionalnog, regionalnog i lokalnog, zanimljiv je i geografima, pa se njime najviše bave politički i kulturni geografi. U radu je iznesen model geografskog proučavanja identiteta izraženoga u imenima ulica i trgova devet gradova u Sjevernom hrvatskom primorju. Ciljevi rada su: potvrditi činjenicu da se u urbanom pejsažu identitet može iščitati kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom značenjskom analizom imena ulica i trgova, utvrditi razliku u prisutnosti hodonima koji izražavaju regionalni identitet (tzv. regionalni hodonimi) i onih iz kojih se iščitava nacionalni identitet (tzv. nacionalni hodonimi) na Kvarneru i u Istri te ispitati u kojoj su mjeri u gradskoj toponimiji Istre izraženi talijanski utjecaji. ; Identity is a group of characteristics which determine the distinctiveness of an individual or a group in terms of differences from or affiliation with other individuals or groups; accordingly, it follows that to identify oneself means to (self)determine the self. Whereas space is an essential formational element in the process of shaping identity, particularly national, regional and local, it is of interest to geographers and is mostly pursued by political and cultural geographers. This paper presents a model of geographical research of identity manifest in the names of streets and squares in nine towns of the North Croatian Littoral. It has three main objectives: to corroborate the fact that identity in the urban landscape can be observed through quantitative (statistical-mathematical) and qualitative (interpretative) semantic analysis of street and square names; then to establish the difference in the presence of hodonyms which reflect regional identity (the so-called regional hodonyms), and those which reflect national identity (the so called national hodonyms) in Kvarner and Istria; and finally to examine the level of prominence of the Italian influence in the urban toponymy of Istria.