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Gernot Böhme proposes the concept of atmosphere as the basic concept of a new aesthetics without a point of departure in art. This article speculates on some possible urban implications of this concept. To start with, I present various ontological and epistemological aspects of the concept and specify some atmospheric dimensions of art and architecture. Then, I discuss Georg Simmel's concept of landscape, which seems to refuse the presence of atmosphere in the metropolis, as an overture to the next section on urban atmospheres. Urban atmospheres are multi-sensorial and demonstrate considerable variation from densely built inner-city areas to the modern spaces of urban sprawl. Mobility is a significant factor in relation to modern urban regions, the atmosphere of which might be thought of as a picturesque landscape for cyborgs. Urban communities may be of a primarily atmospheric kind. The historical city may have an atmosphere of age that can be sensed without much historical knowledge, and atmosphere may be the source of urban political struggle. Finally, I examine the atmospheres of the urban center and the urban region with a focus on Dag Østerberg's recent work on Oslo, arguing that atmospheric aspects of the socio-material action fields within the urban region may modify Østerberg's conclusions regarding the imaginary status of the center and the urban identity of the region. The pivotal argument of the article is that atmosphere is an important but overlooked dimension of both human relations in urban environments and the relationship between the human and the built environment. ; Gernot Böhme proposes the concept of atmosphere as the basic concept of a new aesthetics without a point of departure in art. This article speculates on some possible urban implications of this concept. To start with, I present various ontological and epistemological aspects of the concept and specify some atmospheric dimensions of art and architecture. Then, I discuss Georg Simmel's concept of landscape, which seems to refuse the presence of atmosphere in the metropolis, as an overture to the next section on urban atmospheres. Urban atmospheres are multi-sensorial and demonstrate considerable variation from densely built inner-city areas to the modern spaces of urban sprawl. Mobility is a significant factor in relation to modern urban regions, the atmosphere of which might be thought of as a picturesque landscape for cyborgs. Urban communities may be of a primarily atmospheric kind. The historical city may have an atmosphere of age that can be sensed without much historical knowledge, and atmosphere may be the source of urban political struggle. Finally, I examine the atmospheres of the urban center and the urban region with a focus on Dag Østerberg's recent work on Oslo, arguing that atmospheric aspects of the socio-material action fields within the urban region may modify Østerberg's conclusions regarding the imaginary status of the center and the urban identity of the region. The pivotal argument of the article is that atmosphere is an important but overlooked dimension of both human relations in urban environments and the relationship between the human and the built environment.

This thesis aims to analyze the notion of urban citizenship in istanbul and how it has been mapped onto the urban public spaces of the city. Urban public spaces and thus urban images of istanbul are constructed around ideas of civilization. in this thesis the relationship of city dwellers and urban public spaces is scrutinized through conceptualizing the notion of civilization in the context of globalization as an analytical tool which accounts for the governmentality of space. in this context a discourse of sociality constructed through parks gardens and green fields social facilities open-air gyms and museums formalizes and regulates the practices of urbanites and thus the notion of urban citizenship is defined through the sense of social belonging to the city. -- Abstract'tan. ; Bu tez, İstanbul'da kentli kavramını ve bu kavramın kentin kamusal mekanlarına nasıl haritalandığını analiz etmeyi amaçlıyor. İstanbul'un kent imajları ve kamusal mekanları uygarlaşma kavramının etrafında kurulur. Bu tezde, kent sakinleri ile kamusal mekanlar arasındaki ilişki, mekanın yönetimini de açıklayan uygarlaşma kavramının küreselleşme bağlamında analitik bir araç olarak kavramsallaştırılması yoluyla incelenir. Bu bağlamda, parklar, bahçeler ve yeşil alanlar, sosyal tesisler, açık spor alanları ve müzeler aracılığıyla kurulan sosyallik söylemi, kentlilerin pratiklerini şekillendirir ve düzenler. Böylece kentli kavramı da kentle kurulan sosyal aidiyet duygusuyla tanımlanır.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Interpretation des im forstpolitikwissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch gängigen Begriffs "Urbane Waldbesitzer" aus Perspektive bayerischer Beratungsförster und nichtbäuerlicher Waldbesitzer beleuchtet. Die theoretische Basis liefern motivationspsychologische Modelle von Heckhausen (1989), Herzberg (1959) und Alderfer (1969). Für die Perspektivendiskussion werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Auswertungen einer schriftlichen Befragung unter 207 Beratungsförstern sowie narrativer Leitfadeninterviews herangezogen. Mit dem Begriff "Urbane Waldbesitzer" werden vorrangig Waldbesitzer charakterisiert, deren Motive von der Norm landwirtschaftlicher Waldbesitzer abweichen. Beim Begriff "Urbane Waldbesitzer" handelt es sich somit um ein Symbol für erlebte Veränderungen auf Grund des Strukturwandels in der Landwirtschaft. ; The study includes the interpretation of the term "Urban Forest Owners", evaluated on the basis of motivation-psychological models by Heckhausen (1989), Herzberg (1959) and Alderfer (1969). Therefore a qualitative questionnaire survey of 207 Bavarian governmental forest consultants and narrative interviews with non-agricultural forest owners are analysed. The results show that forest owners, that differ from the traditional norm expectations of the consultants are interpreted to be "Urban Forest Owners". Hence the term "Urban Forest Owners" can be interpreted to be a symbol of the effects of the structural change in agriculture.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Interpretation des im forstpolitikwissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch gängigen Begriffs "Urbane Waldbesitzer" aus Perspektive bayerischer Beratungsförster und nichtbäuerlicher Waldbesitzer beleuchtet. Die theoretische Basis liefern motivationspsychologische Modelle von Heckhausen (1989), Herzberg (1959) und Alderfer (1969). Für die Perspektivendiskussion werden die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Auswertungen einer schriftlichen Befragung unter 207 Beratungsförstern sowie narrativer Leitfadeninterviews herangezogen. Mit dem Begriff "Urbane Waldbesitzer" werden vorrangig Waldbesitzer charakterisiert, deren Motive von der Norm landwirtschaftlicher Waldbesitzer abweichen. Beim Begriff "Urbane Waldbesitzer" handelt es sich somit um ein Symbol für erlebte Veränderungen auf Grund des Strukturwandels in der Landwirtschaft. ; The study includes the interpretation of the term "Urban Forest Owners", evaluated on the basis of motivation-psychological models by Heckhausen (1989), Herzberg (1959) and Alderfer (1969). Therefore a qualitative questionnaire survey of 207 Bavarian governmental forest consultants and narrative interviews with non-agricultural forest owners are analysed. The results show that forest owners, that differ from the traditional norm expectations of the consultants are interpreted to be "Urban Forest Owners". Hence the term "Urban Forest Owners" can be interpreted to be a symbol of the effects of the structural change in agriculture.

The essay discusses Danish urban politics and its present-day challenges in two partly separated sections: first, the intra-urban issues of social change, marginalisation and exclusion, and related problems; and secondly, inter-urban or regional development. Finally, the essay ends with a discussion of current trends in urban policy: are we on our way to more market domination and less state control? Urban policy is a quite broad topic, which cannot easily be defined. In this essay, urban policy is used more pragmatically. In general, it can be used in three different ways: as a policy directed towards steering and regulating cities and their internal conditions; as a sector policy targeted at specific urban phenomena, such as traffic policy, housing and planning policies; and as sector policies, such as financial or social policy with unintended urban effects. This essay will focus on the first, intended sort of urban policies, although others forms have had major impact on the shaping of urban conditions.

The phenomenon of urban blight dates back to the 19th century when industrialisation starting in Europe and North America initiated an uncontrolled urban growth in combination with strong demand in cheap an quickly constructed housing. Ghettoisation of mainly the working-class population and other "marginal groups" were the consequence together with a constant decay of single buildings, whole blocks and quarters. These general aspects of urban blight with its additional facettes or aspects residential, commercial, industrial, physical, functional and social blight can be presupposed and will not be topic of this paper. Nevertheless urban blight is by no means a topic of the past, it still today challenges apart from geographers a remarkable number of other disciplines (urban and landscape planners and designers, economists, sociologists, medical sciences, etc., not to forget politicians, the media, and last but not least the city dwellers themselves). While urban blight, urban decay, - decline, or - crisis originally seemed to be a problem of the big cities and metropolises it meanwhile also affects the small towns and centers. By the example of two Styrian small towns, Murau and Eisenerz, both counting less than 5.000 inhabitants each some of the many reasons for their being confronted with symptoms of urban blight will be addressed together with the up to now largely unsolved question which possible counter strategies could be successfully applied. One namely "urban redesign" has been chosen from a number of others mainly because it has been selected by the city of Eisenerz as a strategy against urban blight and to fight the dramatic population losses of 7867 citizens between 1951 (pop.: 12948) and 2010 (pop.: 5087). The crucial questions for the future to be discussed facing the present world wide monetary crisis will be: 1. Will there be enough money to finance the necessary rescue measures? 2. Who pays and bears the risks of a failure? 3. Is it worth while and justified to invest huge amounts of public money into a seemingly bottomless barrel or 4. borrowing an idea from the human hospice-movement: would it not be wiser, more human, and cost-efficient to spend much less money for those measures only that are needed to guarantee a patient (city) with little or uncertain perspectives for the future a survival in dignity. Knowing that the hospice movement was severely questioned in its initial phase although today it is widely accepted and respected the transformation of this idea into the urban sphere as one means to discuss the problem of urban decay and urban blight seems justified.

Nowhere is the urban challenge more starkly evident than in Asia. Many cities lack data and information on urban conditions and trends, which has undermined their ability to understand and manage the complex forces of urban growth and change.

Nowhere is the urban challenge more starkly evident than in Asia. Many cities lack data and information on urban conditions and trends, which has undermined their ability to understand and manage the complex forces of urban growth and change.

Cities across the Arab Gulf region, especially those in Bahrain, have undergone a notable transformation by virtue of the rapid urbanization of the region. Thus, the characteristics of these cities have encountered massive transformation. Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental projects are authorized for collaborative work to meet the accelerating demands resulting from the increase in population in the Kingdom of Bahrain. However, such projects have been neglected due to other crucial environmental issues. For instance, these projects have resulted in excessive carbon dioxide gaseous emissions. Consequently, these cities are left to suffer from disregarded public spaces and a limited percentage of designed urban open spaces. The case in Bahrain can be summarized as suffering from an absence of the three pillars of sustainability. This has been a fertile ground for the emergence of various urban devastations, among which the &ldquo ; Urban Heat Island&rdquo ; phenomenon adversely affects the urban context of the city. This research investigates these problems, offering propositions to control Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Bahrain. Moreover, it aims to recognize the effect of Green Roof Systems in terms of sustainability in order to mitigate UHIs and reduce the threat of Global Warming.

The publication culture on Urban Agriculture (UA) is nearly exclusively inhabited by idealist and practitioner proponents. Foremost the economics (oftentimes influenced by Marxism) dare to critique the sustainability of the movement. In short, the people that start a UA project eventually require help from their city through recognition and policy support. The full breadth of intentions of these people are principally unknown, and this hinders policy design, in turn. Investigating these rationales (using Skot-Hansens Five Es (2005)) is the scope of this paper. It identifies a number of necessary policy changes, but ultimately pinpoints that it requires the involvement of activists, NGOs, and individual UA champions to raise awareness and to participate in policy design and implementation. It is found that, in one or the other way, most UA proponents motives can be traced back to a facet of community empowerment. Amongst the variety of rationales, especially the non-capitalist culture of UA is said to further its sustainability (not just in economic terms), because it brings forth a culture that embodies the said empowerment and shapes a democratic, inclusive sharing community. Hence, UA is identified as a strategy for urban cultural regeneration.

This work contains a selection of papers from the International Conference on Urban Studies (ICUS 2017) and is a bi-annual periodical publication containing articles on urban cultural studies based on the international conference organized by the Faculty of Humanities at the Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. This publication contains studies on issues that become phenomena in urban life, including linguistics, literary, identity, gender, architecture, media, locality, globalization, the dynamics of urban society and culture, and urban history.

Das urbane Phänomen ist im Wandel. In den vergangenen Jahren tauchten neue Modelle und Formen von Urbanität auf. Die Einführung neoliberaler Politik als auch eine etablierte Globalisierung in Lateinamerika wirken sich nicht nur auf die Ausdehnung des Kommunikations- und Informationsflusses, sondern auch, auf Formen sozialer Kohäsion aus, die seit Mitte des XX. Jahrhunderts entstanden sind. Dieser neue Kontext verändert bedeutsam die Art und Weise, in der die Menschen ihre Identitäten und Zugehörigkeitsgefühle in der urbanen Gesellschaft entwickeln. Seit den 1990er Jahren ist Ethnizität eine wichtige Ressource geworden, um dem zunehmendem Anteil der urbanen lateinamerikanischen Bevölkerung Identitätsquellen zu liefern. Aus der Perspektive der Städter dienen ethnische Wurzeln als Ressourcen für soziale Kohäsion und zur Anerkennung als soziale Akteure. Die Absicht der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Erkundung des Bildungsprozesses einer urbanen Ethnizität in Santiago de Chile. Mapuche bilden die zahlenmäßig stärkste ethnische Gruppe in Chile, ca. die Hälfte von ihnen wohnt in Santiago. Obwohl Mapuche die größte indigene Gruppe in Santiago sind, wenn man den urbanen Raum betrachtet, sind Mapuche relativ unsichtbar. Die Entstehung der Kategorien von 'urbanem Mapuche' und 'Mapuche-Warriache' in den letzten Jahrzehnten weisen allerdings auf die zunehmende Relevanz der Ethnizität, als Identitätsquelle in Santiago de Chile, hin. Ethnizität bezieht sich hierbei auf kollektive Identitäten. In dieser Hinsicht ist Ethnizität die Art und Weise mit der sich ein Kollektiv vom Anderen unterscheidet. Ethnizität ist ein breites Konzept, das einen Differenzierungsprozess beschreibt. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist die Erforschung der Strategien, mit denen die Mapuche Gesellschaft in Santiago Differenzen - bezogen auf den Rest der sowohl urbanen Gesellschaft als auch der traditionellen Mapuche Gesellschaft – aufbaut, als auch ethnische Identitätsbildungs-Prozesse zu erkennen. Die Arbeit baut auf der Hypothese, dass die heutigen urbanen Mapuche-Migranten und ihre zweite Generation hybride Identitäten bilden. Statt einer Art von Re-Territorialisierung oder Reproduktion ihrer originellen auf dem Lande liegenden Gesellschaft sollte sich Identitätsbildung vielmehr auf den Rest der urbanen Gesellschaft orientieren. Der lateinamerikanische Diskurs über ethnische Identitäten wird derzeit von einer essentialistischen Perspektive beherrscht. Die Arbeit argumentiert, dass die Mapuche weder im sozialen Raum der traditionellen Gemeinschaft noch im kulturellen Raum der Gastgesellschaft eingesperrt sind und Strategien entwickeln könnten, in denen ethnische Identitäten ein Teil eines Systems von Identitäten sind. Dementsprechend sind solche Strategien sehr dynamische Formen von Kommunikation und Differenzierung. Der erste Teil der Dissertation setzt sich im ersten Kapitel in kritischer Weise mit der ethnographischen Methode und ihrer Anwendung im urbanen Raum auseinander. Das zweite Kapital fokussiert auf die Geschichte der modernen Mapuche Gesellschaft. Die durch ethnographische Methodik erarbeiteten experimentellen Studienfälle werden im zweiten Teil erörtert. ; The urban phenomenon is changing. The social and political transformations of recent decades have created new forms and models of inhabiting in the city. In Latin America, phenomena of globalization and the implementation of liberal policies have, on the one hand, expanded flows of information and communication and, on the other hand, affected forms of social cohesion which were developed from the modern urbanization process of the mid-20th Century. This new context has transformed the ways in which the people build identity and a sense of belonging inside the urban society. Since the 1990s ethnicity has become an important source of identity construction for a growing percentage of city dwellers in Latin America. The ethnic roots of its inhabitants are turned into resources for social cohesion and recognition as social actors. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of formation of an urban ethnicity in Santiago de Chile. The Mapuches are the largest ethnic group in Chile and about half of their total population resides in the city of Santiago. However, despite being the largest ethnic group in Santiago, the Mapuche do not have a visible presence in the city. The emergence over the last decade of the political and social category of urban Mapuche and Mapuche-warriache describes the growing importance of ethnicity as a source of identity in Santiago. Ethnicity is related to the notion of collective identities. In this sense, it is a process whereby a group of people are collectively different from "others," ethnicity is a broad concept which describes a process of differentiation. The objective of this research is to investigate the strategies through which Mapuche society in Santiago establishes differences, both in relation to the remaining urban society, and to "traditional" Mapuche society. Accordingly, this work aims to identify processes through which an urban ethnic identity is constructed. The working hypothesis is that the Mapuche currently in the city - first and second generation migrants - build hybrid forms with the remaining urban society more than they reproduce or reterritorialize their society of origin. The Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate. The work has two parts. The first part presents two critical reviews: a chapter on the method of ethnographic research and its application to urban space, and another chapter which focuses on the history of modern Mapuche society. The second part is experimental and composed of three case studies. Each experimental case is presented and analyzed through ethnographic methodology. This work explores the urban ethnicity as a contemporary form of building identity and sense of belonging. Currently, in Latin America an essentialist perspective prevails to deal the indigenous identities. This paper argues that the Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate. These strategies are a very dynamic form of communication and differentiation.

What is an urban atmosphere? How can we differentiate an 'atmosphere' from other facets of urban consciousness and experience? This essay explores some of the wider cultural, political, and philosophical connotations of atmospheres as a focal point for critical reflections on space and subjectivity. The idea of an 'affective atmosphere' as a distinctive kind of mood or shared corporeal phenomenon is considered in relation to recent developments in phenomenology, extended conceptions of agency, and new understandings of materialism. The essay draws in particular on the changing characteristics of air and light to reflect on different forms of sensory experience and their wider cultural and political connotations. The argument highlights some of the tensions and anomalies that permeate contemporary understandings of urban atmospheres. ; European Research Council

Ottoman urban planning system in Palestine ; The Ottomans stayed in Palestine around 400 years characterized by great changes and developments. They significantly impinged the life of the Palestinians with numerous effects from language to the urban style and architecture. The Ottoman government controls depended upon the Islamic law and included several regulations for the built environment and the urban structure. The main government systems that included such laws and regulations are the administrative, judicial and land systems. This article depends on historical research to dig through these systems in order to explore the different controls they used over the Palestinian urban structures and to what extent did they established a comprehensive framework for the control and management of urban structures in Palestine. It was discovered that these systems did not establish such a framework which also did not exist outside the Ottoman Empire. Nevertheless, the dependence of these systems on Islamic laws provided them unique and distinguished mechanisms that did not exist in other non-Ottoman systems. They also are considered significant developments in Islamic government systems and contributed positively to the development of Palestinian urban structures. ; No sponsor

This chapter explores the connections between the concepts of sustainable urban transformation and the green urban economy, proposes a framework for understanding how these concepts "fit" together, and makes some practical suggestions for local governments (and national and international policy).