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AbstractThe term 'ecological security' is usually used in relation to attempts to safeguard flows of ecological resources, infrastructure and services at the national scale. But increasing concerns over 'urban ecological security' (UES) are now giving rise to strategies to reconfigure cities and their infrastructures in ways that help to secure their ecological and material reproduction. Yet cities have differing capacities and capabilities for developing strategic responses to the opportunities and constraints of key UES concerns. These include resource constraints and climate change, and consequently these newly emerging strategies may selectively privilege particular urban areas and particular social interests over others. In this article, we focus on world cities and outline the challenges posed by the growing concern for UES. We review the emerging responses that may increasingly form a new dominant 'logic' of infrastructure provision, which we characterize as Secure Urbanism and Resilient Infrastructure (SURI). We conclude by addressing the extent to which this new dominant 'logic' underpins a new strategy of accumulation or more 'progressive' politics by outlining alternatives to SURI, possibilities for shaping SURI more 'progressively' and developing an agenda for future research.Résumé L'expression 'sécuritéécologique' s'applique généralement à des efforts visant à préserver les flux de ressources écologiques, infrastructures et services à l'échelon national. Toutefois, la multiplication des préoccupations en matière de 'sécuritéécologique urbaine' (SEU) donne lieu désormais à des stratégies de reconfiguration des villes et de leurs infrastructures dans le but d'assurer leur reproduction écologique et matérielle. Cependant, les villes ont des capacités et des moyens différents d'élaborer des réponses stratégiques aux opportunités et contraintes liées aux grandes questions de SEU. Celles‐ci englobant les pénuries de ressources et le changement climatique, les stratégies émergentes peuvent choisir de privilégier telles ou telles zones urbaines et tels ou tels intérêts sociaux. En s'intéressant aux villes mondiales, l'article présente les enjeux que suscite l'attention croissante pour la SEU. Sont étudiées les premières réponses apportées, susceptibles de constituer progressivement une nouvelle 'logique' dominante dans la fourniture d'infrastructures : ce que nous appelons la SURI (sécurité de l'urbanisme et résistance des infrastructures). La conclusion s'interroge sur la mesure dans laquelle cette nouvelle 'logique' dominante sous‐tend une nouvelle stratégie d'accumulation ou bien des politiques plus 'progressistes' en exposant des alternatives à la SURI, des possibilités de conformer la SURI de manière plus 'progressiste' et de concevoir un programme de recherches.

PART I: Uses, rules and conflicts about nature in urban wastelands -- Chapter 1. The urban wasteland, spatial expression of a transition of uses: cross-media contributions art, ecology and geography (Cieslik) -- Chapter 2. Recent developments in the legal framework of urban wastelands: to better take into account nature in the city (Chapouton) -- Chapter 3. Dwelling in urban wastelands: a disputed nature (Mattoug) -- Chapter 4. Between privatization and publicising, which place for nature in the frame of urban wastelands' reconversion? (Lotz) -- Chapter 5. Long-standing wastelands: transactions, publicising Vs privatising and green settings on two urban wastelands in Tirana and Istanbul (Dorso & Muci) -- PART II: Contaminated soils in urban wastelands -- Chapter 6. Ecological restoration of contaminated brownfield sites in urban areas: what perspectives in the context of European policies and national regulatory contexts? (Limasset) -- Chapter 7. Social representations of nature regarding (soil-)contaminated brownfields in France (Tendero) -- Chapter 8. Brownfield gardens and contaminated soils (Petit-Berghem) -- PART III: Urban wastelands and waterfronts -- Chapter 9. Wastelands at city-port interfaces: the search of water spaces to evade urban tumults (Mazy) -- Chapter 10. The requalification of urban riversides: environmental and social issues at stake (Carrière) -- Chapter 11. Becoming wastelands: the captation areas of the traditional water management system of Tamil Nadu (India) (Verdelli) -- PART IV: Wastelands in the urban green network -- Chapter 12. The conditions that make urban wastelands reservoirs of biodiversity for cities (Machon) -- Chapter 13. Vacant lots' urban landscape and legacies: which influence on plant communities? (Brun) -- Chapter 14. Generalised and temporary greening on deconstructed urban wastelands: an opportunity for biodiversity (Lemoine) -- Chapter 15. Approaches to develop urban wastelands as elements of green infrastructure including the perception and use by residents (Mathey) -- Chapter 16. How informal open spaces contribute to the metropolitan park system? The case of Brussels and its semi-naturals spaces (Vanbutsele).

In den letzten Jahren sind Reallabore zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der anwendungsbezogenen Nachhaltigkeitsforschung geworden. In Deutschland wurde die Forschung zu Reallaboren durch entsprechende Forschungsprogramme gefördert (z.B. "Leitinitiative Zukunftsstadt" des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung), während die EU die Entwicklung von "Urban Living Labs" finanziell förderte (z.B. "Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe"). Derzeit verlagert sich die internationale wissenschaftliche Debatte mehr und mehr auf die Untersuchung von lokalen Experimenten. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll dieser Artikel vor allem dem Zweck dienen, die deutschsprachige Forschung zu Reallaboren innerhalb der europäischen und internationalen Debatten zu verorten und systematisch mit den Debatten zu "Urban Living Labs" und Experimenten zu vergleichen. In diesem Zusammenhang konzentrieren wir uns vor allem auf die Grundannahmen dieser drei Ansätze, ihre Entstehung und Anwendungsbereiche sowie die Bedeutung von Lernprozessen. Obwohl alle drei Ansätze auf urbane Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen abzielen, ist nur wenig über die mittel- und langfristigen Wirkungen solcher Initiativen bekannt. Deren zeitliche und räumliche Skalierung, die hier entscheidend ist, wurde zwar als Problem erkannt, aber bislang kaum systematisch untersucht. Der Artikel zielt darauf ab, die deutsche Debatte zu Reallaboren zu bereichern und sie mit der internationalen Diskussion zu verbinden.

Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob es heute noch Sinn macht von Stadtkultur zu sprechen, wenn man an die gesellschaftlich innovativen oder revolutionären Traditionen dieses Begriffs anknüpfen will. Insbesondere wird danach gefragt, ob sich aus einer solchen Vergegenwärtigung ein kritischer Diskurs entwickeln kann, der die Sphäre architektonischer Inszenierung bzw. des kulturellen Show-Business überschreitet. Gegenstand im ersten Teil des Beitrages ist die scheinbare Paradoxie von soziologischer Verfallstheorie in bezug auf die Stadtkultur (spätestens seit Simmel) und tatsächlicher politischer Lebendigkeit von Stadtkultur heute. Im zweiten Teil wird untersucht, ob die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung Stadtkultur als emanzipatorische Kultur ein für alle mal ad acta gelegt hat. Es werden Argumente dafür genannt, daß städtische Kultur wieder eine Rolle als Kristallisationspunkt gesellschaftlicher Emanzipation spielen kann. (GF)

The theoretical and methodological toolbox of urban economics : from and towards where? / Peter Nijkamp -- Uncertainty social capital and community governance : the city as a Milieu / Roberto Camagni -- Land-use, transportation and urban development / P. Rietveld -- Transport systems and urban equilibrium / Lars Lundqvist -- Intra-metropolitan agglomeration, information technology and polycentric urban development / Tschangho John Kim -- Dual earners, urban labour markets and housing demand / J. Willemijn Van Der Straaten -- Urban scale economies : statics and dynamics / Philip McCann -- Spatial interaction models : from the gravity to the neural network approach / Aura Reggiani -- Commuting : the contribution of search theory / Jos van Ommeren -- Ethnic concentration and human capital formation / Henri L.F. de Groot -- Advanced insights in central place theory / Shin-Kun Peng -- The city system paradigm : new frontiers / Hesham M. Abdel-Rahman -- The city network paradigm : theory and empirical evidence / Roberta Capello -- Dynamic urban models : agglomeration and growth / Ping Wang -- Beyond optimal city size : theory and evidence reconsidered / Roberta Capello -- New economic geography explanations of urban and regional agglomeration / Kieran P. Donaghy -- Agglomeration and knowledge diffusion / Johannes Brocker -- Innovation and the growth of cities / Zoltan J. Acs -- Strengthening municipal fiscal autonomy through intergovernmental transfers / Chang Woon Nam -- Urban quality of life and public policy : a survey / Meagan Cahill -- Policy issues in the urban south / Manie Geyer -- Urban policy in a global economy / T.R. Lakshmanan -- Spatial externalities and the urban economy / Peter Nijkamp -- Cities and business / rajendra kulkarni -- Land use regulation and its impact on welfare / Stephen Sheppard

chapter 1 A Theory of the Urban Land Market William Alonso -- chapter 2 The Spatial Structure of the Housing Market Richard F. Muth -- chapter 3 The Journey-to-Work as a Determinant of Residential Location John F. Kain -- part II HUMAN ECOLOGY -- chapter 4 Human Ecology Robert E. Park -- chapter 5 Toward a More Human Human Ecology: An Urban Research Strategy Harvey L. Molotch -- chapter 6 Growth, Politics, and the Stratification of Places John R. Logan -- chapter 7 Men Without Property: The Tramp's Classification and Use of Urban Space lames S. Duncan -- part III CONFLICT AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS -- chapter 8 Local Interests and Urban Political Processes in Market Societies Kevin R. Cox -- chapter 9 Locational Conflict and the Politics of Consumption David Ley and John Mercer -- chapter 10 Urban Social Theory and Research Ray E. Pahl -- chapter 11 The Role of Institutions in the Inner London Housing Market: The Case of Islington Peter R. Williams -- chapter 12 Large Builders, Federal Housing Programmes and Postwar Suburbanization Barry Checkoway -- part IV MARXIST APPROACHES -- chapter 13 The Urban Process under Capitalism: A Framework for Analysis David Harvey -- chapter 14 Capital Accumulation and Urbanization in the United States Richard Child Hill -- chapter 15 Class-Monopoly Rent, Finance Capital and the Urban Revolution David Harvey -- chapter 16 Toward a Theory of Gentrification: A Back to the City Movement by Capital, not People Neil Smith.

Cities across the Arab Gulf region, especially those in Bahrain, have undergone a notable transformation by virtue of the rapid urbanization of the region. Thus, the characteristics of these cities have encountered massive transformation. Accordingly, both governmental and non-governmental projects are authorized for collaborative work to meet the accelerating demands resulting from the increase in population in the Kingdom of Bahrain. However, such projects have been neglected due to other crucial environmental issues. For instance, these projects have resulted in excessive carbon dioxide gaseous emissions. Consequently, these cities are left to suffer from disregarded public spaces and a limited percentage of designed urban open spaces. The case in Bahrain can be summarized as suffering from an absence of the three pillars of sustainability. This has been a fertile ground for the emergence of various urban devastations, among which the &ldquo ; Urban Heat Island&rdquo ; phenomenon adversely affects the urban context of the city. This research investigates these problems, offering propositions to control Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Bahrain. Moreover, it aims to recognize the effect of Green Roof Systems in terms of sustainability in order to mitigate UHIs and reduce the threat of Global Warming.

"Although cities occupy only 2 percent of the planet's surface, their inhabitants use 75 percent of its natural resources; by 2050, 70 percent of the global population will live in cities and towns. Sustainable urban development is crucial, therefore, for ensuring the quality of life of the world's people. Forests and trees in cities, if properly managed, can make important contributions to the planning, design and management of sustainable, resilient urban landscapes. They can help make cities more pleasant, attractive and healthy places in which to live, as well as safer, wealthier and more diverse. A few years ago, FAO initiated a collaborative process to develop voluntary guidelines aimed at optimizing the contributions of forests and trees to sustainable urban development. Scientists, practitioners and public administrators from cities worldwide were brought together to discuss the elements and key challenges of urban forestry, and a smaller team of experts was assembled to distil this vast knowledge. This document is the ultimate result of that process. Intended for a global audience comprising urban decision-makers, civil servants, policy advisors and other stakeholders, it will assist in the development of urban and peri-urban forests that help meet the present and future needs of cities for forest products and ecosystem services. These guidelines will also help increase community awareness of the contributions that forests and trees can make to improving quality of life, and of their essential role in global sustainability."--Publisher's description

Findings from a comparative research project -- in which 12 project coordinators & researchers from 50 countries, 1992-1994, systematically reviewed urban research literature from the 1960s to the present -- are surveyed to determine the dynamics of urban research in Africa, Asia, & Latin America. Research production & limitations are discussed in terms of production levels, major disciplines, dispersion of research activity, new modalities, eg, nongovernmental organizations & international agencies that are increasingly involved in urban research. It is concluded that urban researchers are becoming more central to local policy making as the policy community broadens, & their work responds effectively to local needs. 1 Photograph. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
This article develops how urban encounters have been theorized and mobilized across the social sciences to emphasize the ordinary and unspectacular ways in which people live together in cities in response to widespread talk of a crisis of multiculturalism. Situated in the contact zone between social science disciplines and arts practice, the article argues for performative and more political theorizations of spaces of encounter. Focusing on photographer Mahtab Hussain's project You Get Me? (2017), the article examines how photographic portraits offer one example of a performative encounter that takes up as a position in the politics of lived experience by carving out spaces where difference might be encountered in new ways, and by challenging viewers to imagine and enact new ways of being-in-common.

The publication culture on Urban Agriculture (UA) is nearly exclusively inhabited by idealist and practitioner proponents. Foremost the economics (oftentimes influenced by Marxism) dare to critique the sustainability of the movement. In short, the people that start a UA project eventually require help from their city through recognition and policy support. The full breadth of intentions of these people are principally unknown, and this hinders policy design, in turn. Investigating these rationales (using Skot-Hansens Five Es (2005)) is the scope of this paper. It identifies a number of necessary policy changes, but ultimately pinpoints that it requires the involvement of activists, NGOs, and individual UA champions to raise awareness and to participate in policy design and implementation. It is found that, in one or the other way, most UA proponents motives can be traced back to a facet of community empowerment. Amongst the variety of rationales, especially the non-capitalist culture of UA is said to further its sustainability (not just in economic terms), because it brings forth a culture that embodies the said empowerment and shapes a democratic, inclusive sharing community. Hence, UA is identified as a strategy for urban cultural regeneration.