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Good governance codes usually end with a list of public values no one could oppose. A recurrent issue is that not all of these values—however desirable they are—can be achieved at the same time. With its focus on performance and procedural values of governance, this article zooms in on the conflict between two different types of values, signifying and exemplifying how output and outcome on one hand and the process of governance on the other may coincide or collide. The main research question is, "What is the nature of value conflict in public governance and what specific conflicts between performance and procedural values do public actors perceive?" A literature review and two case studies involving aldermen and the most senior public administrators in public governance set out to answer these questions. The most frequently perceived conflict is between lawfulness and transparency in procedure, on one hand, and the attainment of effectiveness and efficiency as performance values on the other.

This book provides an easily accessible introduction to the roles that values play in scientific research. It examines case studies from a wide variety of research areas, and it highlights multiple strategies for fostering engagement between stakeholders so that value influences can be identified and subjected to critical scrutiny.

Sapio shows how the Chinese government's condemnation of Western values is a 'signal of regime strength rather than weakness' and must be interpreted within the context of Party rhetoric as an attempt to develop an 'indigenous ontology of political concepts.' She argues that the recent moves are part of a larger project to develop a uniquely Chinese perspective on politics and society in order to achieve Chinese 'regional and global hegemony.' She also demonstrates how the attack on Western values is limited to an attack on the liberal democratic ideas and institutions that threaten the 'Party's monopoly over matters of ideology' and do not presage a closing to the West in general but rather a shift in emphasis. She insists that an exegesis that is faithful to an ideology is not necessarily a defense of that ideology. Adapted from the source document.