Suchergebnisse

Koran, święta księga Islamu, stał się w swym ewolucyjnym toku dla ummy (społeczności muzułmańskiej) nie tylko źródłem prawd wiary, lecz również kodeksem moralnym, zawierającym zbiór nakazów i zakazów. Z uwagi na swą specyfikę literacką, anachroniczność i pojawiające się w nim niejasności, pozostawia pole do interpretacji, zarówno wśród zwykłych wiernych, jak i uczonych zajmujących się prawem koranicznym. Literalna interpretacja świętej księgi przyczyniła się do powstania wielu fundamentalizmów islamskich. Do jednego z nich zaliczyć należy utworzone w okresie międzywojennym na terytorium Egiptu Stowarzyszenie Braci Muzułmanów. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest ukazanie współistnienia dwóch przeplatających się ze sobą elementów funkcjonowania owej organizacji – politycznego i terrorystycznego, wynikających ze stosowania dosłownej i radykalnej zarazem wykładni Koranu.

Koran, święta księga Islamu, stał się w swym ewolucyjnym toku dla ummy (społeczności muzułmańskiej) nie tylko źródłem prawd wiary, lecz również kodeksem moralnym, zawierającym zbiór nakazów i zakazów. Z uwagi na swą specyfikę literacką, anachroniczność i pojawiające się w nim niejasności, pozostawia pole do interpretacji, zarówno wśród zwykłych wiernych, jak i uczonych zajmujących się prawem koranicznym. Literalna interpretacja świętej księgi przyczyniła się do powstania wielu fundamentalizmów islamskich. Do jednego z nich zaliczyć należy utworzone w okresie międzywojennym na terytorium Egiptu Stowarzyszenie Braci Muzułmanów. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest ukazanie współistnienia dwóch przeplatających się ze sobą elementów funkcjonowania owej organizacji – politycznego i terrorystycznego, wynikających ze stosowania dosłownej i radykalnej zarazem wykładni Koranu. ; Koran, święta księga Islamu, stał się w swym ewolucyjnym toku dla ummy (społeczności muzułmańskiej) nie tylko źródłem prawd wiary, lecz również kodeksem moralnym, zawierającym zbiór nakazów i zakazów. Z uwagi na swą specyfikę literacką, anachroniczność i pojawiające się w nim niejasności, pozostawia pole do interpretacji, zarówno wśród zwykłych wiernych, jak i uczonych zajmujących się prawem koranicznym. Literalna interpretacja świętej księgi przyczyniła się do powstania wielu fundamentalizmów islamskich. Do jednego z nich zaliczyć należy utworzone w okresie międzywojennym na terytorium Egiptu Stowarzyszenie Braci Muzułmanów. Celem niniejszego tekstu jest ukazanie współistnienia dwóch przeplatających się ze sobą elementów funkcjonowania owej organizacji – politycznego i terrorystycznego, wynikających ze stosowania dosłownej i radykalnej zarazem wykładni Koranu.

Since the cold war, there has been an increase in the rate of civil wars and a dramatic drop in interstate wars. Arguably, intrastate wars are more devastating in loss of life, both civilian and military, then interstate wars. However, which type of intrastate war breeds the most battle deaths or the most civilian casualties? This paper will use the Correlates of War Intrastate Wars dataset to determine the number of intrastate wars with battle deaths data. Each conflict is given a motivation variable based on its onset motivation. The motivations are either Greed, Grievance, or opportunity. The overall amount of battle deaths for each motivation will be compared and analyzed. From this analysis, the most violent motivation will be found and compared to the relevant theoretical framework to reach an explanation for the level of violence in certain types of intrastate wars. Faculty Mentor: Jean-Christophe Boucher Department: Political Science

For decades women/s organizations and government/s institutions in many countries have worked against family violence. Because of their efforts, violence against children and women has recently been recognised as a legitimate human rights issue by the United Nations and by European Union.

For decades women/s organizations and government/s institutions in many countries have worked against family violence. Because of their efforts, violence against children and women has recently been recognised as a legitimate human rights issue by the United Nations and by European Union.

APPROVED ; Interpretations of the period following the disintegration of the Carolingian empire in Western Europe at the end of the ninth century have long divided historians, between those who believe a violent rupture in political and social structures took place around the year 1000 and those who argue for an essential continuity. This thesis aims to transcend these debates, by approaching medieval society through a case-study in the Loire valley region relying on two fresh methodological insights. Firstly, it will investigate changes in the economic structures which provided society's material base; secondly, it will analyse how those ?lites claimed, performed and maintained their status. Based on these two approaches, the thesis explores changing patterns of ?lite behaviour in order to better understand the social and economic changes which took place from the late ninth century onwards. The thesis examines the effects of shifting landholding patterns, the emergence of seigneurial customs, changing attitudes to church patronage and lay violence, and the methods by which ?lites were identified in documents, to establish their implications for the ways by which ?lites could claim and maintain their status. It concludes that there was a significant and fundamental transformation of social and economic structures, beginning in the middle of the tenth century, in the middle Loire valley, although the pace of change is slower than would be appropriate for a 'Feudal Revolution'. Nevertheless, the breakdown of the Carolingian political order unleashed a wave of competition amongst local and regional ?lites, which saw them innovate and adapt the heritage of Carolingian culture to create a new, 'feudal' social order. This was fuelled by the changes in economic structures which provided ?lites with more wealth to promote their own status; the competition for status in turn fuelled ?lites' need for more wealth and their incentive for economic expansion.

The negative role of religion will create a peace recognized as we can not deny that. One of the content of the confession: 1) the practice of our religious communities sometimes in the world are divisive forces. 2) too often we are more attuned to the powers of the world, also if they make a mistake, instead of opposing that power on the basis of the teachings of our religions. 3) We do not quite apply as servants and defenders of suffering and we exploit mankind. 4) Too little we seek to build mutual understanding and interfaith fellowship at the local level, from which strong prejudices arise. Answering efforts and the ability to respond to these challenges will further demonstrate the role and role of religion in the form of social relationships that mature. If this fact happens, then the desire to make religion as an ethical foundation in overcoming violence is not a utopia. Religion is no longer an empty wish that always conceals its good intentions and always appreciates the political ambition of its adherents, but religion with a constantly awakened and awakened distinction is social coherence and harmony.

Domestic violance is an emerging issue in Pakistan, the objective of this work was to analyse the current situation in Pakistan and to find out the impact of such domestic violance on other family members.It was discriptive study and the data was gathered from existing research reports, research papers reports prepared by government and non government organizations.It was found that man has dominant role in our society and has a great power to control the domestic affair and women are considered as a weak gender. So there are number of cases reported regarding domestic violance on daily bases. In Pakistan domestic violance includes beating, killing, abduct, assault, actual attack and acid throwing. In Pakistan there is one significant reason behind this brutality is the poverty in our culture and this culture is mostly controlled by men. So it was concluded that domestic violance is still prevailing in Pakistan and it has a great negative social and pshycological impact on other members of society.It was recommended that the government should implement its law and policies regarding domestic violance against those who are involve in such types of act.

This article is an effort to explain the potention of conflict and the correlation to the map of conflict. It begins by a brief several cases of violence or riots that occurred before the election. this paper also describes the forms of violence that occurred during regional elections in Aceh. besides, this paper also tries to provide a solution to the conditions that occur or as a preventative measure for similar cases in the future

Susurluk (Turkey); social conflict; social problems; polarization (Social sciences); nationalism; ethnic relations; violance; Murder; Kurds

During the pandemic of Covid-19, cases of domestic violence (KDRT) in Indonesia increased. This is because the people experience stress during the pandemic. The stress arises due to the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) set by the Government. In the PSBB period, all normal activities were disrupted, and even affected the economic situation of the community. Accordingly, the researcher discusses the following research problem: The form of legal protection for victims of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors influence the increase in domestic violence during the pandemic of covid-19. This study employed normative juridical approach. The legal materials in this study were derived from statutory regulations, books, other scientific works, or dictionaries. In conclusion, to impose Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB), the Regional Government needs to review the impact of PSBB on the family. Accordingly, this research is expected to provide an understanding to the public relates to the form of legal protection for everyone who experiences domestic violence during the pandemic. This is stipulated in Law No.23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence and the factors influence the domestic violance