Suchergebnisse

Despite the relevance of social factors in the etiology of violence against women, there are not enough measuring instruments in Guatemala to objectively assess the impact of social variables on this problem. In Guatemala, this problem remained hidden. Assembling a completely normalized and socially sanctioned violation of rights, which is replicated in family, institutional, and social patterns of coexistence in general. This is due to the country's patriarchal culture, particularly in rural areas, where women's roles are viewed as marginal and subject to exclusionary power relations. Therefore, this thesis attempts to contribute to studies on violence against women by offering not only theoretical information but empirical information by providing the Guatemalan population's perspective in this regard. Therefore, the research question was: What connections have been discovered between the theoretical and empirical analyses of violence against women in Guatemala? As a result, the objective is to compare data from empirical and theoretical studies in Guatemala on violence against women. This is to create awareness among government institutions so that measures to educate and sensitize the general public and key stakeholders can be developed, as well as programs to help prevent violence against women. The objectives, then, were to give a theoretical foundation for violence against women; describe violence against women in the Guatemalan context; explore what steps Guatemala has made in terms of violence against women, and analyze Guatemalan community attitudes about violence against women. This was accomplished utilizing a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including literature analysis, document analysis, and a survey. It should be noted that this is Guatemala's first survey on women's perceptions of violence. This research consists of three chapters, the first chapter dealing with the conceptual framework concerning violence against women, in which fundamental concepts, categories, views, and ...

Research on and analysis of violence against elders as one of the most vulnerable community layers is relatively new. Though international community has acknowledged the fact of aging society and the relevance of violence against elders, in Lithuania this problem is still not examined, there is no official statistic data on the prevalence of violence against elders. This situation determines the ineffectiveness of the measures on violence prevention and inaccurate implementation of European Union recommendations. What is more society still remains uninformed about the status of elders, violence against them and this causes inadequate evaluation of the problem. The goal of this Master's thesis is to analyze the prevalence of violence against elders in district of Vilnius. Empirical methods of legal document analysis, case analysis, mathematical statistical analysis, questionnaire survey and theoretical methods of induction, deduction, comparison, analysis and synthesis confirmed hypothesis that violence against elders in Vilnius district is widely prevalent, but mistakenly recognized and valuated phenomenon. Victims of this violence are usually elder men living in villages with their children. The opinion of the elders on violence and its prevention is mostly influenced by media. This Master's thesis is divided into four parts, which are subdivided into smaller chapters. First part of this thesis examines the concept of violence in various fields of science, defines main types of violence and their forms of manifestation. Second part of this thesis studies violence against elders, its causes and consequences, local and international legal regulation and prevalence in Vilnius district. Third part presents, analyzes and explains results of criminological research. Meanwhile final part of this thesis examines prevention of violence against elders.

Research on and analysis of violence against elders as one of the most vulnerable community layers is relatively new. Though international community has acknowledged the fact of aging society and the relevance of violence against elders, in Lithuania this problem is still not examined, there is no official statistic data on the prevalence of violence against elders. This situation determines the ineffectiveness of the measures on violence prevention and inaccurate implementation of European Union recommendations. What is more society still remains uninformed about the status of elders, violence against them and this causes inadequate evaluation of the problem. The goal of this Master's thesis is to analyze the prevalence of violence against elders in district of Vilnius. Empirical methods of legal document analysis, case analysis, mathematical statistical analysis, questionnaire survey and theoretical methods of induction, deduction, comparison, analysis and synthesis confirmed hypothesis that violence against elders in Vilnius district is widely prevalent, but mistakenly recognized and valuated phenomenon. Victims of this violence are usually elder men living in villages with their children. The opinion of the elders on violence and its prevention is mostly influenced by media. This Master's thesis is divided into four parts, which are subdivided into smaller chapters. First part of this thesis examines the concept of violence in various fields of science, defines main types of violence and their forms of manifestation. Second part of this thesis studies violence against elders, its causes and consequences, local and international legal regulation and prevalence in Vilnius district. Third part presents, analyzes and explains results of criminological research. Meanwhile final part of this thesis examines prevention of violence against elders.

The Indian state Kerala is renowned for its overall development in various indexes such as human development, equality and education. However, in terms of combating violence against women and girls, state policies do not fulfil their objectives. The total number of crimes against women in Kerala during 2007 was 9381, by the end of 2019, it had risen to 13925,and by October 2020,it was 10124. To prevent all forms of crimes against women, the state established a vigilant committee in 1997 under Kerala Women's Commission's supervision. This vigilant committee is known as Jagratha Samithi (in the Malayalam language) and works in every Local Self Government (Panchayat). Therefore, the object of this research is the Jagratha Samithi (JS). The study aims to identify the JS's role and activities in a panchayat to prevent violence against women and children. The methodology of the research is based on a qualitative study with primary data collected from 40 elected female and male representatives from 35 panchayats from one district in Kerala. The study shows that Jagratha Samithi in a panchayat has a significant role in addressing crimes against women and girls. However, there is a lack of sufficient support from society on its mission.

The Indian state Kerala is renowned for its overall development in various indexes such as human development, equality and education. However, in terms of combating violence against women and girls, state policies do not fulfil their objectives. The total number of crimes against women in Kerala during 2007 was 9381, by the end of 2019, it had risen to 13925,and by October 2020,it was 10124. To prevent all forms of crimes against women, the state established a vigilant committee in 1997 under Kerala Women's Commission's supervision. This vigilant committee is known as Jagratha Samithi (in the Malayalam language) and works in every Local Self Government (Panchayat). Therefore, the object of this research is the Jagratha Samithi (JS). The study aims to identify the JS's role and activities in a panchayat to prevent violence against women and children. The methodology of the research is based on a qualitative study with primary data collected from 40 elected female and male representatives from 35 panchayats from one district in Kerala. The study shows that Jagratha Samithi in a panchayat has a significant role in addressing crimes against women and girls. However, there is a lack of sufficient support from society on its mission.

The Indian state Kerala is renowned for its overall development in various indexes such as human development, equality and education. However, in terms of combating violence against women and girls, state policies do not fulfil their objectives. The total number of crimes against women in Kerala during 2007 was 9381, by the end of 2019, it had risen to 13925,and by October 2020,it was 10124. To prevent all forms of crimes against women, the state established a vigilant committee in 1997 under Kerala Women's Commission's supervision. This vigilant committee is known as Jagratha Samithi (in the Malayalam language) and works in every Local Self Government (Panchayat). Therefore, the object of this research is the Jagratha Samithi (JS). The study aims to identify the JS's role and activities in a panchayat to prevent violence against women and children. The methodology of the research is based on a qualitative study with primary data collected from 40 elected female and male representatives from 35 panchayats from one district in Kerala. The study shows that Jagratha Samithi in a panchayat has a significant role in addressing crimes against women and girls. However, there is a lack of sufficient support from society on its mission.

The Indian state Kerala is renowned for its overall development in various indexes such as human development, equality and education. However, in terms of combating violence against women and girls, state policies do not fulfil their objectives. The total number of crimes against women in Kerala during 2007 was 9381, by the end of 2019, it had risen to 13925,and by October 2020,it was 10124. To prevent all forms of crimes against women, the state established a vigilant committee in 1997 under Kerala Women's Commission's supervision. This vigilant committee is known as Jagratha Samithi (in the Malayalam language) and works in every Local Self Government (Panchayat). Therefore, the object of this research is the Jagratha Samithi (JS). The study aims to identify the JS's role and activities in a panchayat to prevent violence against women and children. The methodology of the research is based on a qualitative study with primary data collected from 40 elected female and male representatives from 35 panchayats from one district in Kerala. The study shows that Jagratha Samithi in a panchayat has a significant role in addressing crimes against women and girls. However, there is a lack of sufficient support from society on its mission.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

Master thesis is devoted to study of issue of protection of children from domestic violence starting from the international level to the national level of Ukraine. The main objectives of the thesis were to analyse United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Istanbul and Lanzarote Conventions, ECHR, European Union legislation together with Ukraininan legislation and to identify the main problems of system of protection form domestic violence in Ukraine. Furthermore, to find wether Ukraine complice with the international and European standarts. The research has shown that despite the positive changes that Ukrainian legislation has undergone in recent years, it together with the enforsment measures do not fully comply with international and European standards and should be improved. In particular, the importance of ratifying the Istanbul Convention was emphasized. It was also identified and analyzed the problem of judicial practice in cases of separation of the child with a family and application of fines as penalties for domestic violence. Besides, the study showed that Ukraine does not provides the possibility of triggering investigation ex parte and ex officio of criminal offence connected with domestic violence.

Master thesis is devoted to study of issue of protection of children from domestic violence starting from the international level to the national level of Ukraine. The main objectives of the thesis were to analyse United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Istanbul and Lanzarote Conventions, ECHR, European Union legislation together with Ukraininan legislation and to identify the main problems of system of protection form domestic violence in Ukraine. Furthermore, to find wether Ukraine complice with the international and European standarts. The research has shown that despite the positive changes that Ukrainian legislation has undergone in recent years, it together with the enforsment measures do not fully comply with international and European standards and should be improved. In particular, the importance of ratifying the Istanbul Convention was emphasized. It was also identified and analyzed the problem of judicial practice in cases of separation of the child with a family and application of fines as penalties for domestic violence. Besides, the study showed that Ukraine does not provides the possibility of triggering investigation ex parte and ex officio of criminal offence connected with domestic violence.

Violence in a family is a global problem, witch is actual to various countries – rich or poor, developed or still developing. Usually women and children suffer from physical, psychological, economic or sexual violence, otherwise men can suffer as well, but usually men are abusing others. Violence in a family basically is analogous behavior in society consequence, continuation and beginning. This behavior is determined of complex of various level ( individual and environment) factors and reasons (social economic, cultural, moral) and it's system. In this article the most attention is given to analyze violence against women and children in family. Author is trying to specify the reasons, witch are typical to violence against women, against children and against men. Author finds a conclusion, that without personal loss, our society is having losses as well. Unfortunately, Lithuania avoids to acknowledge, that violence in family is not a private life matter, but serious person rights violation, that should be stopped by mobilizing various government institutions and nongovernment organizations forces. It is like vicious circle: in a violence family victim do not applies to legal institutions because of various reasons; without application pretrial investigation do not starts, violator stays not punished and without fair demonstrates his power. After analyzing legal database and prevention implement can be stated, that in Lithuania comprehensive strategy, that is intended to fight against this problem is not created, but because of growing amount of violence in family it enforces to find a solution. One of them – Conception of security against violence in family. If foreign countries experience would be used and complex implements from Conception would be realized, then effective, realistically operating system against violence could be created. And, eventually, family would become, according to St. Pope Jean-Paul II, "Life Temple".

Violence in a family is a global problem, witch is actual to various countries – rich or poor, developed or still developing. Usually women and children suffer from physical, psychological, economic or sexual violence, otherwise men can suffer as well, but usually men are abusing others. Violence in a family basically is analogous behavior in society consequence, continuation and beginning. This behavior is determined of complex of various level ( individual and environment) factors and reasons (social economic, cultural, moral) and it's system. In this article the most attention is given to analyze violence against women and children in family. Author is trying to specify the reasons, witch are typical to violence against women, against children and against men. Author finds a conclusion, that without personal loss, our society is having losses as well. Unfortunately, Lithuania avoids to acknowledge, that violence in family is not a private life matter, but serious person rights violation, that should be stopped by mobilizing various government institutions and nongovernment organizations forces. It is like vicious circle: in a violence family victim do not applies to legal institutions because of various reasons; without application pretrial investigation do not starts, violator stays not punished and without fair demonstrates his power. After analyzing legal database and prevention implement can be stated, that in Lithuania comprehensive strategy, that is intended to fight against this problem is not created, but because of growing amount of violence in family it enforces to find a solution. One of them – Conception of security against violence in family. If foreign countries experience would be used and complex implements from Conception would be realized, then effective, realistically operating system against violence could be created. And, eventually, family would become, according to St. Pope Jean-Paul II, "Life Temple".

This article analyses the problems of defining the concept of domestic violence in Lithuania from the perspective of international law, focusing on the problem of delimitation of domestic violence and gender-based violence against women. The article provides an analysis of the concept of domestic violence under international legal documents (UN and CoE Conventions), and in relevant Case Law and the Lithuanian national legislation: i.e. the recently adopted Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence, which entered into force on 15 December 2011. The paper provides an assessment of the national law in consideration of international law. The author considers whether the law could and should be completely gender-neutral (the model chosen now in Lithuania). In addition, the need to consider the perpetrator's rights (property interests, presumption of innocence, and victim's opposition to criminal sanction) is analysed in the context of the relevant international human rights cases.

This article analyses the problems of defining the concept of domestic violence in Lithuania from the perspective of international law, focusing on the problem of delimitation of domestic violence and gender-based violence against women. The article provides an analysis of the concept of domestic violence under international legal documents (UN and CoE Conventions), and in relevant Case Law and the Lithuanian national legislation: i.e. the recently adopted Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence, which entered into force on 15 December 2011. The paper provides an assessment of the national law in consideration of international law. The author considers whether the law could and should be completely gender-neutral (the model chosen now in Lithuania). In addition, the need to consider the perpetrator's rights (property interests, presumption of innocence, and victim's opposition to criminal sanction) is analysed in the context of the relevant international human rights cases.