Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the problems of criminal law counteraction to violent crimes against the order of management. Attention is focused on the high social danger of these crimes, due to the peculiarities of the object of criminal encroachment, while the danger of crimes differs taking into account various forms of violence. A subspecies of crimes against the order of management related to the use of violence against subjects of managerial activity, responsibility for which is provided for in Articles 317, 318, Part 2 of Article 320, Part 2, 3 of Article 321 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation. The forms of violence and their features are defined. It is proposed to recognize that in the dispositions of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, a plurality of concepts is used to define violence in crimes against the order of governance: encroachment; violence not dangerous to life and health; violence dangerous to life and health; threat of violence; grave consequences. Taking into account the practice of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation, the content of each of the forms of violence is determined. Some controversial issues of the qualification of crimes are considered. ; В статье рассматриваются проблемы уголовно-правового противодействия насильственным преступлениям против порядка управления. Акцентировано внимание на высокой общественной опасности этих преступлений, обусловленной особенностями объекта преступного посягательства, при этом опасность преступлений различается с учетом различных форм насилия. Выделен подвид преступлений против порядка управления связанных с применением насилия в отношении субъектов управленческой деятельности, ответственность за совершение которых предусмотрена ст. 317, 318, ч. 2 ст. 320, ч. 2 и 3 ст. 321 УК РФ. Определены формы насилия и их особенности. Предлагается признать, что в диспозициях статей Особенной части УК РФ используется множественность понятий для определения насилия в преступлениях против порядка управления: посягательство; насилие, не опасное для жизни и здоровья; насилие, опасное для жизни и здоровья; угроза применения насилия; тяжкие последствия. С учетом позиций Верховного Суда РФ определено содержание каждой из форм насилия. Рассмотрены отдельные спорные вопросы квалификации преступлений.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of marital violence. The empirical object of the study is the population of the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the study is to assess the current situation and identify the main factors and causes of domestic violence against spouses.
The authors consider the types and forms of marital violence, the level and frequency of abuse, and the determinants of family violence.
As part of the sociological research, a survey of residents aged 18 and older was conducted. The sample size was 384 people, the representative features were gender, age, place of residence. The gender and age structure of the respondents corresponds to the structure of the region's population. A quantitative method was used as a tool for collecting primary information — an individual
face-to-face interview at the respondent's place of residence using a paper questionnaire (PAPI) and a CAWI survey using an interactive questionnaire in the proportion of 30 to 70 %, respectively.
It was revealed that more than half of the residents have not experienced domestic violence and categorically deny spousal violence, considering it unacceptable and unacceptable.
It is determined marital violence in most cases manifests itself in various forms of mental violence: withholding, verbal aggression, aggressive dominant behavior, manifested in a ban on communication with friends or girlfriends. Economic abuse manifests itself in the infringement of the opportunity to purchase clothes, food and have personal running expenses. Physical and sexual violence is less common between spouses and partners.
Based on the study, it was found that marital violence is caused by subjective factors (family interaction practices, financial status, and alcohol consumption) that contribute to the reproduction and spread of abuse

The article is devoted to domestic (family) violence in modern Russian society. The problem of domestic violence has long ceased to be an individual's problem. It harms not only the victim, but also the state and society as a whole. Every year in Russia, 14,000 women die at the hands of their husbands. In Russia, domestic violence was first officially reported in the early 1990s. It is necessary to take into account the fact that in the past centuries the patriarchal family dominated, in which women occupied subordinate positions. The woman had to obey her husband unquestioningly and endure the beatings. Children were brought up in the same way. Corporal punishment was mandatory in the family. There is no specific law against domestic violence in our country. Domestic violence also abhors moral and ethical values.

The authors looked at causes, varieties, statistics, cycles, the effects of domestic violence and ways to prevent domestic abuse in modern society. There are several forms of violence: physical, psychological, sexual and economic. The consequences of domestic violence are: self-harm, mental disorders, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, alcohol or drug use, etc. Properly coordinated work by health care, law enforcement, and social services agencies can play an important role in preventing domestic violence. At the same time, both individual and general social prevention with young people should be carried out in order to prevent domestic violence and, of course, to introduce a law against domestic violence.

The author of this study focuses on the problem of violence against women who found themselves in difficult situations and were sexually abused during the civil war in Colombia. The study is centered around construction of the victims' images in the publications of transnational, national and regional media (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). The author concludes that the mass media play a significant role in raising public awareness referring to violence against women in Colombia, and contribute to the development of an image of a woman who is ready to fight for her rights and help others. ; Автор данного исследования сосредотачивается на проблеме насилия в отношении женщин, оказавшихся в сложной жизненной ситуации и подвергшихся сексуальной эксплуатации в период гражданской войны в Колумбии. В центре внимания — конструирование образа женщины-жертвы в изданиях транснационального, национального и регионального масштаба (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). Автор приходит к выводу, что средства массовой информации играют серьезную роль в повышении уровня общественной осведомленности относительно проблемы насилия в стране, а также способствуют формированию образа женщины, готовой бороться за свои права и помогать другим.

Констатируется, что экстремизм связан с политическими амбициями обретения властных полномочий с помощью насилия. Такие амбиции могут присутствовать и в религии, особенно если она выдвигает универсалистские претензии. Утверждается, что религиозно-мотивированный экстремизм присутствует в движениях, для которых характерно представление о невозможности толерантного отношения к иным религиозным формам и воззрениям. Религиозный экстремизм, показательным примером которого сегодня является исламизм, ориентирован на установление теократии, а не политической диктатуры. Показано, что постоянно готовый к насилию религиозный экстремизм дрейфует в сторону религиозного терроризма, который представляет собой агрессивные насильственные действия против несогласных с экстремистами людей. Насилие служит достижению религиозных, политических или идеологических целей, а терроризм является средством оказания давления. ; Extremism is associated with the political ambitions of gaining power through violence. Such ambitions can also be present in religion, especially if it imposes universalist claims. There is religiously motivated extremism in the movements for which the conception of the impossibility of tolerant attitude to other religious forms and views is typical. Religious extremism, exemplified by Islamism today, is directed toward establishing a theocracy, not a political dictatorship. Constantly ready for violence, religious extremism is drifting towards religious terrorism, which is an aggressive violent act against people who disagree with extremists. Violence serves religious, political or ideological purposes, and terrorism is a mean of putting pressure.

The study explores the rhetorical strategies and premises employed by opponents of the enactment of the draft bill "On domestic violence prevention in Russian Federation" in the course of the wide public discussion about the bill during 2019. Three texts are analyzed: an open letter to the president of Russia, a statement of The Patriarchal Commission on Family, Maternal, and Child Welfare (Russian Orthodox Church), and an official answer by The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation to an inquiry made by European Court of Human Rights concerning domestic violence in the country. Common themes and rhetorical figures are emphasized, as well as convictions supposedly dictating their usage. Resemblance found between the three examples of the rhetoric allows for a hypothesis about such rhetoric being used as a means of national consolidation around a common political narrative. Moreover, an attempt is made to connect the rhetoric of the opponents of the bill to a wider international context as an instance of global "anti-gender turn" in the Russian reality. ; Работа посвящена анализу риторических стратегий и стоящих за ними предпосылок, используемых противниками принятия законопроекта «О профилактике семейно-бытового насилия в Российской Федерации» в ходе широкой дискуссии, развернувшейся вокруг этого законопроекта в 2019 г. В работе анализируются три текста: общественное открытое письмо президенту России, заявление Патриаршей комиссии по вопросам семьи, защиты материнства и детства при РПЦ и официальный ответ Минюста РФ на запрос ЕСПЧ по вопросам домашнего насилия в стране. В исследуемых материалах выделяются общие темы, риторические ходы и ценностные убеждения, предположительно диктующие их использование. Сходство трёх примеров исследуемой риторики позволяет предположить её использование в качестве инструмента для национальной консолидации вокруг общего политического нарратива. Кроме того, предпринимается попытка связать риторику противников законопроекта с более широким международным контекстом как реализацию глобального «анти-гендерного поворота» в российском контексте.

как отмечают авторы ; разнообразные проявления насилия и жестокости по отношению к детям имеются во всех странах – независимо от их экономического ; политического ; идеологического устройства ; у представителей всех религиозных конфессий ; в семьях с любым уровнем дохода. В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы терминологии и классификации жестокого обращения с детьми. ; the authors note ; a variety of cruelty and violence against children exists in all countries - regardless of their economic ; political ; ideological apparatus ; the representatives of all religions ; in families of all income levels. This article deals with the problems of terminology and classification of child abuse.

The paper examines the discourse of war and violence in the Modernist/avant-garde culture and politics. Special attention is paid to Charles Baudelaire's and Alexander Blok's protopolitical strategies. The author considers sexist, racist and classist connotations of Buadelaire's and Blok's works in relation to the general issues of avant-garde theory. Analyzing Blok's critique of humanism and one of its sources – Evgeny Poletayev's and Nikolay Punin's tract «Against Civilization» – the author explores the protofascist connotations of the Russian Symbolism. ; В статье рассматриваются дискурс войны и насилия в культуре и политике модернизма/авангарда. Особое внимание уделено протополитическим стратегиям Шарля Бодлера и Александра Блока. Автор рассматривает сексистские, расистские и классовые коннотации работ Бодлера и Блока в связи с общими вопросами теории авангарда. Анализируя критику Блока гуманизма и один из ее источников – трактат Евгения Полетаева и Николая Пунина «Против цивилизации», – автор исследует протофашистские коннотации русского символизма.

Глава посвящена изучению негативных проявлений в вербальной реальности и политической культуре меровингского общества последней трети VI в., которые в форме клеветы и диффамации запускали процедуру судебных разбирательств, становились триггерами для убийств и жестоких расправ. Нейстрийский двор Хильперика и Фредегонды стал ареной ожесточенной внутрисемейной борьбы за власть, где за словесным обманом последовала гибель двух принцев и королев. Проведенный анализ показал, что основными направлениями по политической дискредитации и физическому устранению личных врагов королевской четы из светской и церковной элиты стали обвинения в покушении на убийство короля с целью захвата королевской власти и преследование за колдовские преступления. Одним из выводов статьи стало обоснование синхронии и причинно-следственной связи между тремя этапами горевания Фредегонды по умершим сыновьям и пиковой агрессией расправ королевы с ее политическими врагами. Автор предлагает новые исследовательские интерпретации для известных исторических эпизодов из аутентичных источников.
The chapter is devoted to the study of negative manifestations in the verbal reality and political culture of the Merovingian society in the last third of the 6th century, which, in the form of slander and defamation, started the trial and inquiry, became triggers for murders and bloodthirsty violence. The Neustrian court of Chilperic and Fredegund became the scene of a fierce family struggle for power, where verbal deception led to the deaths of two princes and queens. The analysis showed that the main directions for political discrediting and execution of the personal enemies of the royal couple from the secular and church elite were accusations of attempt on life of the king in order to seize royal power and prosecution for witchcraft crimes. One of the conclusions of the article was the verification of the synchrony and causal relationship between the three stages of Fredegund's grief for her dead sons and the peak aggression of the queen's barbarian cruelty against her political enemies. New research interpretations of famous historical cases from authentic sources are proposed.

The article is devoted to the study of the genre of literary epitaph in Tabasaran poetry. In the water part, which has a theoretical character, the difference between the cemetery and literary epitaph is shown, the constitutional signs of two genre varieties are revealed, the degree of mastering of the genre in the literatures of the peoples of Dagestan is stated.
In the main part of the work, the thematic, structural and compositional analysis, as well as the analysis of the subjective organization of the texts of the Tabasaran literary epitaph were carried out on the material of the poetic texts of poets G. Hajiyev and R. Ramazanov. The author comes to the conclusion that the literary epitaph in Tabasaran poetry has an edifying and satirical character; it condemns the actions and qualities of people who contradict the national ideal of a woman, mother, highlander — adultery, violence against people, selfishness and indifference, depravity and perseverance in committing sins. Also in the epitaphs, the problems of retribution for earthly life, gratitude are raised.

The subject. The algorithm of qualification of beatings is researched taking into account changes in the Russian legislation of Russia on the protection of bodily integrity of a person. The author studies the norms of Russian criminal and administrative legislation in the field of protection of human bodily integrity and practical issues that have emerged in this regard.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis of a complex (not obvious to the law enforcement officer) process of qualification of violent actions that caused physical pain, but did not cause harm to human health, due to the multi-level competition of legal norms.The methodological basis of the study is the general scientific dialectical-materialistic approach based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Logical, system-structural, concrete sociological and comparative legal methods are also used. The research materials are data from judicial practice on liability for beatings and related crimes. The main results, scope of application. Beatings are considered as violence that is not dangerous to life or health. The norms that can be applied when the perpetrator commits the corresponding violent actions are identified. The differences between beatings and lawful infliction of harm, minor acts, and attempted crimes are shown. A distinction is made with related elements of crimes against life and health, constitutional rights and freedoms, interests of minors, property, etc. The presentation is based on the author's systematization of the rules for qualifying beatings and taking into account the sequence of steps for making the final decision by the law enforcement officer. The results of the research may be applied in higher legal education, further academic researches concerning beatings as well as in law enforcement practice of criminal investigations.Conclusions. The author explains the difficulties in qualifying beatings. The rules of legal assessment of violent actions that caused physical pain, but did not cause harm to health, in the competition of criminal law norms are shown. The algorithm for qualifying beatings according to the current legislation of Russia is derived. ; Исследуется алгоритм квалификации побоев с учетом изменений законодательства России об охране телесной неприкосновенности человека. Проводится отграничение побоев от правомерного причинения вреда, сложных единичных преступлений, малозначительного деяния. Рассматривается конкуренция норм уголовного и административного законодательства. Определяются правила квалификации по совокупности противоправных деяний.

The object of this master thesis is Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The goal of the thesis is to identify the characteristic features of Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The main tasks of the thesis: to conceptualize the basic political and social definitions in the framework of international use in the applied plane of the policy of the Russian Federation (public policy, non-democratic political culture, domestic violence, feminicide, gender discrimination); to identify the main actors lobbying and opposing the adoption of the draft law "On the prevention of domestic violence" and conduct its social and legal analysis; to identify the main legal documents protecting victims of domestic violence at the international level in comparison with existing documents ratified on the territory of the Russian Federation; to analyze Russian cases of victims of domestic violence to identify the formation of social patterns that influence the perception of this problem in the state and public field (the case of the Khachaturian sisters, Valeria Volodina, Shema Timagova); by using a gender prism, to carry out a discourse analysis of online documents in conjunction with an analysis of narrative in order to identify the characteristic features of the Russian public policy in the sphere of domestic violence. Empirical research is carried out in the tradition of qualitative methodology, using such methods as narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Chapter 2 of this thesis uses the method of document analysis using the example of the Draft Law "On the Prevention of Domestic Violence in the Russian Federation", and the master's work itself, which is an interdisciplinary study, is carried out through the prism of gender analysis. The specificity of public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the Russian Federation lies in the authoritarianism of political culture with conservative patriarchal views on the institution of the family. It was revealed that due to the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church on the government in decision-making policy, the state cannot be secular. They indicated that the opponents of the draft law are expressing the concept of radical conservatism together with the ideas of national authenticity, deep intolerance towards supporters of feminism and gender ideology, refusal to ratify basic international documents, excluding the possibility of Russian society developing towards liberal trends. The liberal movement and lobbying of interests against feminicide are led by more female democratic actors

The object of this master thesis is Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The goal of the thesis is to identify the characteristic features of Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The main tasks of the thesis: to conceptualize the basic political and social definitions in the framework of international use in the applied plane of the policy of the Russian Federation (public policy, non-democratic political culture, domestic violence, feminicide, gender discrimination); to identify the main actors lobbying and opposing the adoption of the draft law "On the prevention of domestic violence" and conduct its social and legal analysis; to identify the main legal documents protecting victims of domestic violence at the international level in comparison with existing documents ratified on the territory of the Russian Federation; to analyze Russian cases of victims of domestic violence to identify the formation of social patterns that influence the perception of this problem in the state and public field (the case of the Khachaturian sisters, Valeria Volodina, Shema Timagova); by using a gender prism, to carry out a discourse analysis of online documents in conjunction with an analysis of narrative in order to identify the characteristic features of the Russian public policy in the sphere of domestic violence. Empirical research is carried out in the tradition of qualitative methodology, using such methods as narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Chapter 2 of this thesis uses the method of document analysis using the example of the Draft Law "On the Prevention of Domestic Violence in the Russian Federation", and the master's work itself, which is an interdisciplinary study, is carried out through the prism of gender analysis. The specificity of public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the Russian Federation lies in the authoritarianism of political culture with conservative patriarchal views on the institution of the family. It was revealed that due to the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church on the government in decision-making policy, the state cannot be secular. They indicated that the opponents of the draft law are expressing the concept of radical conservatism together with the ideas of national authenticity, deep intolerance towards supporters of feminism and gender ideology, refusal to ratify basic international documents, excluding the possibility of Russian society developing towards liberal trends. The liberal movement and lobbying of interests against feminicide are led by more female democratic actors