Suchergebnisse

Introduction: The influence of external actors in the Western Balkans / Florian Bieber and Nikolaos Tzifakis -- Security co-operation in the Western Balkans : cracks and erosion of Euro-Atlantic integration? / Tobias Flessenkemper and Marko Kmezic -- The economic development of the Western Balkans : the importance of non-EU actors / Matteo Bonomi and Milica Uvalic -- Serbia : looking East, going West? / Florent Marciacq -- Bosnia and Herzegovina : abandoned by the West, embraced by the East? / Adnan Huskic -- Kosovo : between western and non-western states / Gëzim Visoka -- Macedonia : a fertile ground for external influences / Zoran Nechev and Ivan Nikolovski -- Montenegro : always at a crossroads / Jovana Marovic -- Albania : new geopolitics and shifting linkages / Enika Abazi -- Russia : playing a weak hand well / Dimitar Bechev -- China : a new geoeconomic approach to the Balkans / Anastas Vangeli -- Turkey : forced marriage or marriage of convenience with the Western Balkans? / Ahmet Erdi Öztürk and Samim Akgönül -- UAE : sultanism meets illiberal democracy / Will Bartlett and Tena Prelec.

"Sentencing Policies and Practices in Western Countries: Comparative and Cross-national Perspectives is the forty-fifth addition to the Crime and Justice series. Contributors include Thomas Weigend on criminal sentencing in Germany since 2000; Julian V. Roberts and Andrew Ashworth on the evolution of sentencing policy and practice in England and Wales from 2003 to 2015; Jacqueline Hodgson and Laurène Soubise on understanding the sentencing process in France; Anthony N. Doob and Cheryl Marie Webster on Canadian sentencing policy in the twenty-first century; Arie Freiberg on Australian sentencing policies and practices; Krzysztof Krajewski on sentencing in Poland; Alessandro Corda on Italian policies; Michael Tonry on American sentencing; and Tapio Lappi-Seppälä on penal policy and sentencing in the Nordic countries" --

SUMMARYBorrowing from the well known measures of poverty, we propose analogous measures for the amount of prejudice in a country. Values of this index are derived from individual responses to the Human Beliefs and Values Survey's question: 'Would you like to have persons from this group as your neighbours?' We use data on the responses to (i) construct measures for the amount of bigotry in a country and rank Western countries on a bigotry scale; (ii) examine the social and economic factors which determine whether people are bigoted or bigotry‐free; (iii) examine three specific phobias to see whether the strength of the 'bigotry‐determining factors' varies according to the group being considered.

We investigate how recent changes in the Western family have affected childhood living arrangements. For 17 developed countries, we use multistate life table techniques to estimate childhood trajectories of coresi‐dence with biological fathers versus other maternal partners. In all countries childhood exposure to single parenting is more often caused by parental separation than out‐of‐partnership childbearing. Both exposure to single parenting and expectancy of childhood spent with a single non‐cohabiting mother vary widely across countries, with the United States exhibiting the highest levels of each at early 1990s rates. The greatest international variations concern parental cohabitation—its prevalence, durability, and the degree to which its increase has compensated for a decrease in the expectancy of childhood spent with married parents. Overall, we find little evidence of international convergence in childrearing arrangements, except that in countries where parental marriage has declined over time, childrearing has predominantly shifted to single mothers.

Address before the Royal institute of international affairs, London, Mar. 16, 1950.

Over the last ten years, several western countries have recognized gay marriage either by providing gay couples the same rights as heterosexual couples, or by allowing civil unions. Other western countries have not. What accounts for this variation? This paper reviews and analyzes the key demographic, institutional and cultural arguments found in the literature on the legalization of gay marriage – especially as these pertain to cross-national comparison – and raises questions about assumptions regarding the extent to which there is variation on these vari- ables across western countries. I argue that institutional and cultural explanations are only meaningful in explaining legalization when their combinations are speci- fied in order to shed light on favorable (or unfavorable) circumstances for policy outcomes.

This collection explores how Western countries have historically distinguished between categories of migrants' such as labor, refugee, family, and postcolonial migrants. Covering France, the United States, Turkey, Canada, Mexico, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark, the contributors explain how concepts such as, refugee, family, and difference have been defined through policy and public debate. Tightly intertwined, these definitions are continuously changing with the economic and geopolitical climate, as well as in relation to migrants' gender, class, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and countries of destination and origin.

Drawing on comparative analyses from nine Western countries, we ask whether local-born children from a wide range of immigrant groups show patterns of female advantage in education that are similar to those prevalent in their host Western societies. We consider five outcomes throughout the educational career: test scores or grades at age 15, continuation after compulsory schooling, choice of academic track in upper-secondary education, completion of upper secondary, and completion of tertiary education. Despite great variation in gender gaps in education in immigrants' origin countries (with advantages for males in many cases), we find that the female advantage in education observed among the majority population is usually present among second-generation immigrants. We interpret these findings in light of ideas about gender role socialization and immigrant selectivity.