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The first essay in a debate about 'Containing Corruption' focuses on the rhetoric of good governance used by international agencies to persuade governments of less developed countries to comply with the neoliberal development project modeled after core industrial states. The link between governance & the perceived increase in political corruption is examined. Key factors that generated an escalated concern with corruption include the rise in financial scandals within Western states & the alarming increase in world poverty. Policies designed to combat corruption incorporated a new regard for the state's role in stability & growth. However, this postmodern state is smaller than past bureaucracies & managed mostly through market precepts. Contradictions between 'New Public Management' (NPM) & the notion of good governance are explored to argue that NPM's greater flexibility & discretion are not practical under conditions of serious political instability where there is a need for 'good old fashioned bureaucratic public administration.' It is concluded that containing corruption will require fundamental changes in the global distribution of resources & policy initiatives that consider the particular political/economic realities of the targeted states rather than the 'one-size-fits-all' rhetoric of good governance. J. Lindroth

Background and purpose: Although employee share ownership (ESO) deserves of a long tradition, we still know little about employees' perspectives about ESO. The lack of knowledge about the employees' attitudes towards ESO is discursively filled in the ESO debate. This paper challenges that deficit by carrying out a semantic analysis of the literature with the aim to identify the various actor constructions used implicitly in the ESO discourse. Design/Methodology/Approach: We conduct a semantic analysis of the ESO discourse. To unfold the order of this discourse we draw on the distinction between surface and underlying structure of communication in the sense of Michel Foucault. We interpret some semantic lead differences, a term coined by Niklas Luhmann, to constitute the underlying structure of communication. Results: We can identify six different streams on the ESO discourse's surface level each defined by the ends pursued. The discourse's underlying structure is made up of the distinctions production-consumption, capital-labour, and ownership-control that also determine the actor models implicitly in use. Conclusion: We can identify five different actor models implicit in the ESO discourse. While the CEE discourse differs on the surface level in as far as it is more concerned with questions of political legitimation of the privatisation process than with questions of economic efficiency, thus introducing political distinctions in the discourse rather missing in the west, it shares the underlying semantic lead differences with the Western discourse as well as the actor models anchored in those differences. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version

The purchasing power parities and real expenditurescontained in this joint Eurostat - OECD publication cover 55 countries including the 30 OECD Member countries, the 27 EU countries, ten CIS countries, six Western Balkan countries and Israel. They are based on price and expenditure data for 2005 and have been calculated using the EKS aggregation method. International comparisons of price levels and real GDP can be made using the price and volume measures presented in this publication. This publication includes StatLinks, URLs under each graph and table providing links to Excel® spreadsheet files containing the underlying statistical data.

Analyzes whether left-right scales provide an interval measure of citizen issue attitudes that is comparable. Two views of left-right self-placement are juxtaposed: either that issue attitudes are the primary component of left-right self-placement; or that partnership to the primary component, which entails that left-right scales will take on different substantive meanings in countries with different types of party systems. (Abstract amended)

Der Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Dissertation ist die nationale Identitätsproblematik in den westdeutschen und georgischen Autorenfilmen zwischen den 60er- und 80er- Jahren. Die Arbeit analysiert zwei unterschiedliche, in verschiedenen sozial-kulturellen Bedingungen und unterschiedlichen politischen Systemen entwickelte Filmkulturen, die über zwei Jahrzehnte hinweg die kulturelle Szene der jeweiligen Länder besonders geprägt haben. Sie gliedert sich in mehrere Teile, die sich mit folgenden Schwerpunkten auseinandersetzen: - Die Filmsituation der jeweiligen Filmkulturen in der Nachkriegszeit und in den 50er Jahren als Vorgeschichte des Autorenfilms. - Die Entwicklung des Autorenfilms in beiden Ländern und im internationalen Vergleich. - Das Verhältnis der Autorenfilmemacher/Innen zur Frage der nationalen Identität. - Die Analyse der unterschiedlichen Aspekte, Stoffe, Motive und besonderer filmischer Sprache verschiedener westdeutscher und georgischer Autorenregisseure/Innen vor dem Hintergrund ihrer jeweiligen kulturhistorischen Spezifik. - Interviews mit westdeutschen und georgischen Autorenfilmer/Innen zu diesem Thema. - Vergleichende Gegenüberstellung der westdeutschen und georgischen Autorenfilme. Die Arbeit endet mit einer Filmographie der interpretierten Filme sowie einem Literaturverzeichnis. ; The thesis analyses and compares the two different cultures of cinema in West Germany and Georgia which evolved under different sozio-cultural conditions in two different political systems and which had a strong impact on cultural life in their countries for decades. The thesis focuses on the question of national identity reflected in the West German and Georgian cinema between the 1960s and the 1980s. The thesis has following structure: - Prehistory of Autorenfilm in West Germany and Georgia: The national cinemas after World War II in the late 1940s and in the 1950s in both countries. - The evolution of the Autorenfilm in both countries between the 1960s and the 1980s in comparison to other national cinemas - The relationship of filmmakers toward the the question of national identity - Analysis of artistic aspects, motivs, themes and filmic language in the films with regard to the cultural history background in the Georgia and Westgermany. - Interviews with West German and Georgian filmmakers - Comparison of selected West German and Georgian films A filmography and a list of literature is included in the thesis.

Part 1. Artistic developments in the Muslim cultural sphere: ethics, aesthetics, and the performing arts / Karin van Nieuwkerk -- The power of performance. Hardcore Muslims: Islamic themes in Turkish rap between diaspora and homeland / Thomas Solomon -- Contesting Islamic concepts of morality: heavy metal in Istanbul / Pierre Hecker -- Iranian popular music in Los Angeles: a transnational public beyond the Islamic state / Farzaneh Hemmasi -- Part 2. Motivations. Ritual as strategic action: the social logic of musical silence in Canadian Islam / Michael Frishkopf -- Pious entertainment: Hizbullah's Islamic cultural sphere /Joseph Alagha -- Of morals, missions, and the market: new religiosity and "art with a mission" in Egypt / Karin van Nieuwkerk -- Part 3. Staging the body and the world stage. Islamic modernity and the re-enchanting power of symbols in Islamic fantasy serials in Turkey / Ahu Yiğit -- From "evil-inciting" dance to chaste "rhythmic movements": a genealogy of modern Islamic dance-theatre in Iran / Zeinab stellar -- Suficized musics of Syria at the intersection of heritage and the War on Terror; or "a Rumi with a view" / Jonathan H. Shannon -- Afterword / Martin Stokes.

In the context of European integration all the time Eastern and Central Europe was recognised like something between East and West, something unknown, mystical and not European. Nowadays, when ten new countries entered the EU Eastern and Central Europe was accepted as a real Europe for the first time and it is important and relevant to analyse the identity of the new EU countries. The objective of the theses is the identity of Eastern and Central Europe, the perception of how society conceptualizes itself and how it is recognised in the eyes of Western Europeans. The aim of the theses is to explore transformations of Eastern and Central Europe identity from the times when the region was not even treated as a part of Europe till nowadays when it became an important participant of EU policy. The main goals are: •To ascertain what the exact region the Eastern and Central Europe is, •To explore how this region was transforming in the development of European integration, •To discover the specifics of the identity; •To explore the transformation from the post-communistic to the European identity; •To analyse the Lithuanian identity' transformation case. Using the historical-descriptive, analytical-descriptive, comparative and case research methods such conclusions were attained: •Eastern and Central Europe has a specific location and therefore a transitional position between East and West. •The Cold war was the most important event influenced the common identity in the region. •Although the West considered Eastern and Central Europe as one region – East, the different historical experiences, religion and cultures distinguished the region as a bunch of many different countries. •During the independence period some of the countries integrated in the EU structures, some of them were solving inner problems, and some of them were identifying themselves with Russia. At the moment almost all countries are demonstrating their euro-integrational objectives. •Lithuanian support to the new EU candidate countries shows that Lithuania is striving to hold its position in the foreign EU policy playing on the historical experience and understanding Eastern and Central Europe nations.

In the context of European integration all the time Eastern and Central Europe was recognised like something between East and West, something unknown, mystical and not European. Nowadays, when ten new countries entered the EU Eastern and Central Europe was accepted as a real Europe for the first time and it is important and relevant to analyse the identity of the new EU countries. The objective of the theses is the identity of Eastern and Central Europe, the perception of how society conceptualizes itself and how it is recognised in the eyes of Western Europeans. The aim of the theses is to explore transformations of Eastern and Central Europe identity from the times when the region was not even treated as a part of Europe till nowadays when it became an important participant of EU policy. The main goals are: •To ascertain what the exact region the Eastern and Central Europe is, •To explore how this region was transforming in the development of European integration, •To discover the specifics of the identity; •To explore the transformation from the post-communistic to the European identity; •To analyse the Lithuanian identity' transformation case. Using the historical-descriptive, analytical-descriptive, comparative and case research methods such conclusions were attained: •Eastern and Central Europe has a specific location and therefore a transitional position between East and West. •The Cold war was the most important event influenced the common identity in the region. •Although the West considered Eastern and Central Europe as one region – East, the different historical experiences, religion and cultures distinguished the region as a bunch of many different countries. •During the independence period some of the countries integrated in the EU structures, some of them were solving inner problems, and some of them were identifying themselves with Russia. At the moment almost all countries are demonstrating their euro-integrational objectives. •Lithuanian support to the new EU candidate countries shows that Lithuania is striving to hold its position in the foreign EU policy playing on the historical experience and understanding Eastern and Central Europe nations.

SummaryFrom this brief survey, it is apparent that Greece, Portugal and Spain are all heavily dependent on foreign investment for industrial and commercial development. In each country, critical industries such as chemicals, electrical engineering, motor vehicles and information based technologies are heavily dependent on foreign investment. Consequently, the decisions of multinationals on where to invest and how to service markets will have a profound effect on employment in these countries. These issues are discussed in detail in sections V and VI.France, Germany and the United Kingdom are major origins of firms with considerable investments in each of the countries, although British firms are under‐represented in Greece. France is the largest country of origin for multinationals investing in Portugal, and it has recently begun to invest heavily in Spain. In Greece, French firms represent a quarter of all authorized foreign direct investment (second only to the USA). West German firms are represented at a modest level in Greece but are consistently heavy investors in Spain and also contribute to investment and employment in Portuguese industry. Compared to France and West Germany, British firms have neglected these three host countries as investment targets. Their tiny representation in Greece has been mentioned, and whilst investment in Portugal matches that of West German firms, British firms' investment in Spain has recently been small relative to French and German firms.Overall, investment by multinationals from France, West Germany and the United Kingdom has played an important role in the industrial development of the three host countries, and their location and market servicing policies continue to have a major impact on employment in Greece, Portugal and Spain.The recent entry (1 January 1986) of the Iberian countries into the EC is likely to have a major impact on their prospects of attracting foreign direct investment, and, although this will have been anticipated to a certain extent by investors, its impact is worthy of further analysis. The following section begins this process by outlining the legislative measures of the three host countries.

China and Russia, along with a number of other countries, demonstrate that capitalism can exist without Western-style democracy, at least for a period of time.

Examines implications of European Union's policy toward the Western Balkan countries; focus on accession perspectives and debates, negotiations on stabilization and association agreements, and financial assistance.