Suchergebnisse

Zu den verlässlichsten Ergebnissen der Personalpsychologie gehört die Erkenntnis, dass Zielsetzung, Beurteilung und Feedback zu Leistungsverbesserungen führen. Nicht nur das individuelle Leistungsverhalten, auch Gruppenergebnisse und die Produktivität der Gesamtorganisation sind durch systematische Leistungsbeurteilung steuerbar. Die im vorliegenden Band versammelten Beiträge zeigen die Vielfalt der heutigen Möglichkeiten zur Beurteilung und Förderung beruflicher Leistung auf. Die besten Beurteilungsverfahren werden ebenso dargestellt wie ihre Grundlagen und Funktionen, desgleichen das Vorgehen bei Beurteilungsgesprächen, Möglichkeiten des Trainings der Leistungsmotivation und ein System des Leistungsmanagements von Gruppen. Eine Serie von vier Beiträgen schildert die Entwicklung, Prüfung und Einführung eines multimodalen Beurteilungssystems für Mitarbeiter, Führungskräfte, Auszubildende und Arbeitsgruppen in einem großen Unternehmen. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die mit Personalführung und Personalentwicklung zu tun haben und um die Förderung beruflicher Leistung bemüht sind, gleichermaßen an diejenigen, die sich durch ein Studium auf solche Aufgaben vorbereiten

Attention and the closely related concept of salience play an important role in the complex process of human decision-making. In 2012, Bordalo et al. (2012a) proposed a theory on human decision-making that is based on salience. They suggest that salience differences within a decision problem may explain many decision biases. Concerning decisions under risk, Bordalo and colleagues developed a formula to calculate salience differences that are shaped by bottom-up processes. These salience differences have been experimentally investigated. Reaction times in a dot-probe task served as indicator of attentional biases. Data revealed a significant salience effect after a lottery exposure duration of 150 ms. This supports the salience concept proposed by Bordalo et al. (2012a) and suggests an early attentional orienting towards salient payoffs. In order to further differentiate attentional processes involved in the salience effect EEG has been recorded. Different ERP-components may indicate attentional biases at different stages of attentional processing and give a hint at more detailed reasons behind the salience effect. All investigated components, namely, P1, N1, P3a and P3b, showed no significant salience differences. Part III presents a further experiment that was devoted to nudges. These interventions often work by altering the salience within a decision problem or by directing the attention to the decision task itself. Since these interventions influence decisions at least partly on an unconscious level, nudges are subject to criticism. The experiment aimed at investigating the effect of transparent information accompanying the nudges on their efficacy. In line with previous research adding information on the nudge itself, on its purpose and the combination of both had no significant effect on the efficacy of the nudge, even though this additional information again alters salience ratios within the decision problem.

Attention and the closely related concept of salience play an important role in the complex process of human decision-making. In 2012, Bordalo et al. (2012a) proposed a theory on human decision-making that is based on salience. They suggest that salience differences within a decision problem may explain many decision biases. Concerning decisions under risk, Bordalo and colleagues developed a formula to calculate salience differences that are shaped by bottom-up processes. These salience differences have been experimentally investigated. Reaction times in a dot-probe task served as indicator of attentional biases. Data revealed a significant salience effect after a lottery exposure duration of 150 ms. This supports the salience concept proposed by Bordalo et al. (2012a) and suggests an early attentional orienting towards salient payoffs. In order to further differentiate attentional processes involved in the salience effect EEG has been recorded. Different ERP-components may indicate attentional biases at different stages of attentional processing and give a hint at more detailed reasons behind the salience effect. All investigated components, namely, P1, N1, P3a and P3b, showed no significant salience differences. Part III presents a further experiment that was devoted to nudges. These interventions often work by altering the salience within a decision problem or by directing the attention to the decision task itself. Since these interventions influence decisions at least partly on an unconscious level, nudges are subject to criticism. The experiment aimed at investigating the effect of transparent information accompanying the nudges on their efficacy. In line with previous research adding information on the nudge itself, on its purpose and the combination of both had no significant effect on the efficacy of the nudge, even though this additional information again alters salience ratios within the decision problem.