Suchergebnisse

Daniel Bell: "Die Sozialwissenschaften seit 1945". Aus dem Amerik. von Udo Rennert. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1986, 204 S., kt., 19,80 DM

Tilman Reitz: Funktionen der Soziologie: Eine wissenssoziologische Einführung. Weinheim: Beltz Juventa 2022. 978-3-7799-7568-7

This article studies the contentious problem of reification in international relations (IR) on the example of the idea of international society. It shows how the idea became reified, that is, how the move was made from approaching international society as one of several competing frameworks for the study of international politics to considering it an objective fact, a self-evident reality of international politics, and an entity in the possession of agency. For this purpose, I trace key writings of the English school and survey their contribution to the idea's development and gradual reification. I posit that reification has been the outcome of individual strategies and disciplinary practices pertaining to the knowledge production process, in particular the perceived need to establish and maintain a research program while continuing to provide viable explanations of world events. In discussing the consequences, I argue that reification adversely affects not only research outcomes but also the study process. A reified category, once it becomes a default language through which to think and talk about international politics, narrows down avenues for diverging interpretations of international politics. Furthermore, endowing international society with agency hides real agents behind specific actions in international politics.

Along of the lines, one can notice some problematic axes that stress the current Latin American universities as privileged academic spaces of production (or reproduction?)
Of knowledge and of thought and culture. The trigger for this writing is linked to the academic question, based on the assumption of the epistemic, pedagogical and didactic
difference between the universities formed in the modern colonial matrix and the intellectual and political proposal that gives life to alternative proposals in the terms of production of scientific knowledge.

The aim of the paper is to discuss the issue of innovation from the perspective of relevant sociological interpretative frameworks. The discussion starts with an assessment of evolutionary and institutional economic studies of innovation, which have contributed to a better understanding of the role of institutional and social factors in the formation of innovation resources and the performance of (innovating) firms and (innovating) nation states. The concepts of a national innovation system (Nelson), the learning firm (Lundvall) and the social system of production (Hollingsworth) are discussed to explain this contribution in more detail. They indicate a set of socio-cultural factors and circumstances that can be identifi ed not only as implications of the techno-economic power of innovation but also as the autonomous factors that shape the performance of innovating actors. The EU Lisabon strategy is faced with a similar challenge: to balance the issue of competitiveness with environmental issues and social cohesion. The current debate over fulfilling its goals (the Kok report) offers good arguments as to how techno-economic and socio-cultural resources of innovation could be theorised and governed. In this article, selected methodological frameworks and databases (EIS 2005, EXIS) are applied in an analysis of the social forms and structures of national innovation systems. The final discussion refers both to the relevant concepts (the learning economy, knowledge societies, reflexive modernisation) and the analytical data in order to suggest a concept of innovation, which understands both economic and social factors to be productive resources of current innovation performance. The suggested interpretative framework is used to assess the structural dependencies and challenges of the innovation system in the Czech Republic.

En este artículo se realiza una reflexión acerca de los desafíos que enfrenta la universidad en el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento, principalmente como consecuencia de algunas de las implicancias sociales, institucionales y pedagógicas que poseen las nuevas tecnologías. Todo ello haciendo especial énfasis en el papel de la investigación científica, considerando los nuevos ámbitos de producción de conocimiento. En este sentido, se comienza describiendo alguna de las características históricas y contemporáneas de la universidad. Luego se analiza algunas conceptualizaciones relativas de esta sociedad del conocimiento, describiendo cómo aparece la ciencia y su producción. Finalmente, expongo algunas ideas y conjeturas en torno a los desafíos y demandas que enfrenta la universidad pública en el siglo XXI.

Introduction: the way and its crossroads -- The way of man: scholarly networks and the social history of scholarship -- Learning to be a scholar -- Official scholars and the growing philologists' networks -- Private scholars, private academies, and the community of knowledge -- The way of antiquity: searching for the true way in the past -- The way of ancient learning: philology, antiquity, and ru identity -- Philology and the message of the sages: the classics and the four books -- Historical philology: navigating the sources -- The way of heaven and earth: the mandate of scholarship and the search for order -- Astronomy, mathematics, and calendar: historical perspective -- Ancient learning encounters western learning: scientific knowledge and its cultural baggage -- Fate and ritual, and ordering all under heaven -- Conclusion: the consequences of the eighteenth-century intellectual turns -- Appendix A: selections from Qian Daxin's 1754 Palace examination answer -- Appendix B: Major Shuowen and Erya studies of the Qian-jia period (and related works) -- Appendix C: Qian Daxin's letter to Dai Zhen -- Appendix D: Questions and answers about astronomy -- Appendix E: Essay on the value of pi -- Appendix F: Qian Daxin's writings on mathematics, astronomy, and divination -- Appendix G: On Saṃsāra -- Appendix H: Sources for the works of Qian Daxin -- List of abbreviations -- Notes -- Selected bibliography of Chinese and Japanese titles

Seit dem "Sommer der Migration 2015" ist ein breites bürgerschaftliches Engagement entstanden, welches sich von früheren Formen der Geflüchtetenhilfe in Umfang und Ausdrucksformen unterscheidet. Dieser Sammelband liefert tiefe Einblicke in verschiedenste Facetten des Flüchtlingsengagements in unterschiedlichen Tätigkeitsfeldern (medizinische Versorgung, Vormundschaften, kulturelle Projekte, Engagement für LSBTI-Geflüchtete). Die Beiträge beschäftigen sich mit gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmungen, Motiven, Vernetzungspraktiken und Strukturen und loten den Beitrag zu (Re-)Solidarisierung und gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe ebenso aus wie die Herausforderungen des Engagements im Kontext unzureichender staatlicher Steuerung. Die Texte resultieren in großen Teilen aus einem einjährigen Lehrforschungsprojekt an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum. Der Band ist somit auch beispielhaft für kollektive Lern- und Forschungsprozesse mit Studierenden in einem gesellschaftspolitisch relevanten Themenfeld.Mit Beiträgen vonSabrina Zajak, Ines Gottschalk, Fabian Beckmann, Dr. Fabian Hoose, Dr. Anna-Lena Schönauer, Prof. Dr. Gerd Mutz, Lisa Wolff, Judith Vey, Anna-Lena Langer, Cornelia Bauer, Helena Emken, Johannes Engelhardt, Stephan Daiber, Zakaria Rahmani, Philipp Trautmann, Anna-Katharina Döbrich, Philipp Pospieszny, Katharina Knopf, Marie Steinhauer, Seher Kahraman, Berivan Songur

A cult of anti-expertise sentiment has coincided with anti-intellectualism, resulting in massively viral yet poorly informed debates ranging from the anti-vaccination movement to attacks on GMOs. As Tom Nichols shows in The Death of Expertise, there are a number of reasons why this has occurred-ranging from easy access to Internet search engines to a customer satisfaction model within higher education

Die Datenwissenschaften beschäftigen sich mit der Analyse großer, komplexer Datenmengen und erregen damit im Kontext der Digitalisierung hohe mediale und politische Aufmerksamkeit. Philippe Saner untersucht die Entstehung dieses transversalen Wissensfeldes um Big Data mit einem feldtheoretischen Zugang. Er legt dar, dass es sich um ein feldübergreifendes Netzwerk von Expertisen handelt, das durch unterschiedliche Interessen, Strategien und Machtverhältnisse strukturiert ist. Die Datenwissenschaften eröffnen so einen durchlässigen Raum, der für Akteur*innen aus etablierten Feldern wie Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Hochschulbildung und Politik lukrative Möglichkeiten eröffnet

During ethnographic research on HIV-positive pregnant women in Lesotho, I found myself confronted with conflicting narratives, but what we do know is that MaMeli's baby passed away the day after she gave birth in the hospital. Trying to reconstruct what had happened, I interviewed the young mother, her mother-in-law, a midwife, and a paediatrician. Their stories differed significantly from each other. Yet, despite the inconsistencies between them, they proved valuable for my study. Ethnographic storytelling can reveal an informant's present view on past occurrences and give insights into the social roles of narrator and audience. A narration always implies two time periods: the past situation as experienced (erzählte Zeit) and the situation now when the occurrence is being interpreted (Erzählzeit). Hence, whilst analysing the stories did not bring me any closer to understanding what had happened to the baby, an examination of the four versions taught me much about each narrator's present situation and how they related to each other. In other words, the different renderings of the event allowed an understanding of the hegemony of interpretation. I argue in this paper that contradictions in narratives are more a chance than a challenge for ethnographic writing. I call on anthropologists not to erase out inconclusive stories in their ethnographic data but to delve into them and to find plausible explanations for why it is not possible to achieve conclusive solutions.

Despite their differences, sociologists of architecture agree on one fundamental premise: buildings - and architecture more broadly - play a role in shaping social life. The importance of the "agency" of architecture has been equally highlighted in debates in cultural theory. The authors of the publications under discussion here approached this issue through empirical research. We suggest that, in doing so, they make visible the methodological challenges and potentials that confront sociologists of architecture. We aim to offer a comparative overview of some of the newer publications in the German-speaking sociology of architecture which adapt established methods of qualitative sociology to the field of architecture. We review these works through the lens of how well they empirically address the issue of the ways in which architecture can be shown to have agency in society.