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In a comparison of studies on problems of compromise by R. H. Lowie (see SA 2143-iB0690) & C. Moraze (see SA 2143-B0694) sponsored by the Liternat'l Soc Sci Council (UNESCO, UN), it is emphasized that the dyadic roles of reciprocity in the interplay of soc instit's follow the `law of exchange' in primitive as well as modern societies. There is no gap in intelligence or reasoning between primitive & modern peoples - but, the range of situations responsive to rational treatment is wider in modern groups. Studies were conducted by specialist assistants of Lowie on certain 'primitive' civilizations which showed that all societies are concerned with self-preservation, & in the face of conflict, adopt varying techniques of compromise depending on the value placed on 'conciliation & flexibility of customs & laws.' Eg, (1) Islam; although believed to oppose compromise, the Koranic law contains various clauses with the `spirit of conciliation' (including references re the equality of women), & Moslem Legislation favors prevention of conflicts. (2) India; caste, cultural diversity, & the religious trends of non-violence & asceticism foster compromise. (3) China; mediation through skillful negotiators in the feudal period established a tradition of compromise through reconciliation. P. D. Montagna.