Suchergebnisse

In the aftermath of the introduction of severe restrictions on abortion in several US states, some activists have argued that providing widespread access to an abortive drug, misoprostol, will transform an induced abortion into a fully private act and therefore will empower women. In Brazil, where abortion is criminalized, the majority of women who wish to terminate an unwanted pregnancy already use the illegal, but easily accessible, misoprostol. We examine the history of misoprostol as an abortifacient in Brazil from the late 1980s until today and the professional debates on the teratogenicity of this drug. The effects of a given pharmaceutical compound, we argue, are always articulated, elicited, and informed within dense networks of sociocultural, economic, legal, and political settings. In a conservative and repressive environment, the use of misoprostol for self-induced abortions, even when supported by formal or informal solidarity networks, is far from being a satisfactory solution to the curbing of women's reproductive rights.

This article explores the links between global ethics and human rights, with a particular focus on women's political participation, as a way of inquiring into possible ramifications within the field of global ethics. To this end, it determines the scope of the concepts of ethics and global ethics as well as that of human rights. It analyses the links between them, particularly the incorporation of ethical considerations on the part of human rights and the validity that the latter assign to them. Finally, the article concentrates onto women's rights and more specifically on their political participation. It analyses the diverse alternatives of participation, which cover a range that spans from the traditional parliamentary participation up to forms like the establishment of governmental agendas aimed at improving the condition of women and the participation through women's movements. It is concluded that, both from an ethics as well as human-rights point of view, it is necessary an evaluation of ways for achieving the implementation of these rights. These can derive from a more permanent incorporation of women's movements in the decision making process of public policies. ; Este artículo explora los vínculos entre ética global y derechos humanos, con un foco particular en la participación política de las mujeres, como una forma de indagar en las posibles ampliaciones al campo de la ética global. Para ello, se determinan los alcances de los conceptos de ética y de ética global, así como de derechos humanos, y se examinan los vínculos entre ellos, particularmente la incorporación de consideraciones éticas por los derechos humanos y la fuerza que éstos les otorgan. Finalmente, el artículo se centra en los derechos de las mujeres y, específicamente, en la participación política; se analizan diversas alternativas, que van de las tradicionales de participación parlamentaria a formas como el establecimiento de agencias gubernamentales para mejorar la condición de las mujeres, y a formas de intervención a través de ...

In 2008, the Traditional Courts Bill (TCB) was introduced in South Africa's Parliament to regulate customary courts in place of the apartheid-era Black Administration Act. The TCB has come under wide ranging attack from civil society across the country, including from people based in the former homelands where the Bill would have effect, for its perpetuation of colonial and apartheid distortions of customary law, and its continuation of the oppressions justified through these distortions. In this article, I examine some of the major epistemic developments in customary law in South Africa, from colonialism to the present, to highlight key logics and genealogies of power that form the foundation and framework for 'official customary law'. This examination provides the context for analysing the epistemological de-linking from colonial frameworks represented in women's claims to land, and reveals how changes in women's access to land over the years allows for a reading of epistemological shifts and contestations in customary law. I read these developments alongside the content of the TCB to examine different references for custom represented in both colonially rooted knowledges and de-colonial knowledges that challenge the premises of the former.

Women's activism in the Hindu right has gone through communication and mobilisation shifts in the context of Covid-19. The article traces how the hierarchy and coordination within the Durga Vahini—the women's wing of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad facilitate the propagation of two primary goals1of seva, and sanskar in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Through semi-structured interviews with the representatives of the organisation, the article focuses on understanding mobilisation strategies like e- satsangs, accommodation of marginalised groups through the distribution of raw food resources, and manipulation of mythological narratives for the recruitment of young girls to propagate Hindu nationalism. The core argument of the article is focused on understanding these mobilisation tactics and changing nature seva in the times of pandemic.

"Die Frage nach einer erfolgreichen Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf stellt sich insbesondere in Westdeutschland, wo der institutionelle und normative Rahmen Mütter ermutigt, mehrere Jahre für die Betreuung ihrer Kleinkinder zuhause zu bleiben. Trotz umfassender Forschung zum Thema blieben bisher die Fragen offen, inwiefern weibliche Karrieren durch die zeitliche Einbettung der überwiegend zwei Geburten in die Erwerbsbiografien beeinflusst werden und ob sich Bildungsgruppen darin unterscheiden. Bisher konzentrierte sich die Forschung dahingehend vor allem auf das Timing der Erstgeburt: Um sich fest am Arbeitsmarkt zu etablieren scheint eine gewisse Verzögerung der Erstgeburt hilfreich. Bezüglich des Spacings zwischen Erst und Zweitgeburt liegen hingegen zwei Strategien nahe: Entweder bekommen Frauen ihre Kinder kurz nacheinander um danach endgültig an den Arbeitsmarkt zurückzukehren, oder sie nutzen einen langen Abstand zwischen den Kindern für eine berufliche Episode. Mithilfe eines NEPS-Samples zweifacher Mütter kann die Studie aufzeigen, dass ihr berufliches Prestige zwischen Karriereeinstieg und dem Alter 45 insbesondere von der Episode nach der ersten Geburt beeinträchtigt wird. Obwohl dies nicht durch ein bestimmtes Timing bedingt ist, er-weist sich das Timing höher gebildeter Frauen als am wenigsten nachteilig. Für das Spacing zeigt sich, dass nur höher gebildete Frauen nach ihren Betreuungsphasen noch Prestige anhäufen können, so sie denn ihre Kinder im kurzen Abstand zueinander bekommen. Die Prestigeentwicklung von Frauen mit geringerer Bildung hingegen wird nicht wesentlich durch das Spacing vermindert, außer sie entscheiden sich kurz nach der Geburt des ersten Kindes für die Rückkehr in einen Teilzeiterwerb." (Autorenreferat)

v. 1, ch. 1. Animal rights ; ch. 2. Civil rights, African American ; ch. 3. Civil rights, Hispanic and Latino ; ch. 4. Economic discontent ; ch. 5. Environment ; ch. 6. Free speech ; ch. 7. Globalization -- v. 2, ch. 8. Gun control/gun rights ; ch. 9. Human rights ; ch. 10. Immigrant rights ; ch. 11. Independence movements ; ch. 12. Indigenous peoples' rights ; ch. 13. Labor rights ; ch. 14. LGBTQ rights -- v. 3, ch. 15. Political/government uprisings ; ch. 16. Racial conflict ; ch. 17. Reproductive rights ; ch. 18. Resistance to Nazis ; ch. 19. Slavery ; ch. 20. War ; ch. 21. Women's rights.

Selected sources for the study of South Asian Muslim women -- Muslim women in the history of South Asia -- Islamic traditions, Muslim women and the reform movement -- Pardah : Muslim women in/out of seclusion -- Religious practices -- In search of their identity : Muslim women setting new goals -- Women, nationalism and religion -- Muslim women's movements in South Asia -- The life cycle of South Asian Muslim women -- Women's rights to inherit property -- Education of South Asian Muslim women -- South Asian Muslim women's health -- Perspectives on South Asian women's development -- The arts and design -- Challanges, threats, and the responses of women -- Feminism, new scholarship and new toods for development

This article examines the unintended gendered consequences of lockdown on women's rights, particularly those related to women's work, health and wellbeing. Situating this assessment within wider feminist legal scholarship, which exposes the gendered nature of law and the tendency to legislate in a way that prioritises a privileged male legal subject, we argue that legislation and subsequent decisions fail to centre women's lived experiences and so deprioritise women's needs. We ultimately argue that lessons need to be learned regarding how post-pandemic responses are implemented to mitigate the impacts on women and ensure gender is mainstreamed within the law-making process.

The International Labour Organisation's Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of 1998 formalised an approach to global labour issues known as the Core Labour Standards (CLS). The CLS have privileged a specific set of labour standards as possessing the kinds of universalistic qualities associated with ideas of 'human rights'; the abolition of forced and child labour, equality of opportunity, and trade union rights. But what does this 'human rights' approach mean from the point of view of those women workers who dominate employment in some of the most globalised, and insecure, industries in the world? In this article, I make the case for critical feminist engagement with the gender-blind, and neoliberal-compatible, approach to economic rights as set out in the CLS. Not least, this article raises wider concerns about the insufficiency of approaches to economic rights that are designed to work within the (gendered) structures of a neoliberal economic development paradigm. It is suggested that the CLS have endorsed a voluntarist approach to labour standards that views the promotion and regulation of human rights by global corporations as unproblematic. The article challenges this perspective, drawing upon the work of number of feminist scholars working in the area of women's employment and corporate codes of conduct. These feminist writings have specifically avoided the language of human rights; thus questions need to be asked concerning the possibilities and the limitations that the CLS opens up for women's human rights activism.

Four articles on human rights (introduced by Peter Van Ness) that are selections from a broader human rights project composed of contributions from sixteen scholars activists. The objective of the project is to find common ground in the international human rights debate, especially between the USA and Asia. These four articles deal with the development of human rights in Hong Kong, international response to violence against women, women's issues discussed at an NGO Forum in Huairou, China and critical assessment of the USA as champion of human rights. (DÜI-Sen)

The brewing controversy over allowing entry of women of all age groups into the hill shrine of Ayyappa in Kerala polarized public opinion on women's equal access to sacred spaces and the perpetuation of tradition in places of worship. Protagonists of gender equality claim that the restriction is as an attack on women's right to access sacred places and a violation of Article 14 (right to equality) and Article 25(2) of the Indian Constitution which guarantees the right to religious freedom to all, thereby allowing irrationality to creep into the most literate society in the country. Critics protesting against the entry argue that it is against the centuries-old-practices-defined customs. According to them, women's entry would pollute the temple and the celibate nature of Ayyappa should be protected.

This paper discusses the role of securing women's land rights in improving household welfare in Gusiiland (Kenya). Land in Gusiiland is a social asset acquired through patrilineal descent. It is a means of production and primary source of income for the majority of the population. Althoughthe 2010 constitution accords women full land ownership rights, a complex set of customary institutions and established practices typically restricts them to usufruct land rights. Using a Feminist Political Ecology (FPE) framework, this paper argues that for Gusiiland, the realization of key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular gender equality (5), poverty and hunger reduction (1 and 2) and peace and justice (16) depends on securing land rights which is crucial for supporting women's key role in household subsistence and gender equality broadly speaking. To this end, structural discrimination of women has to be fought in the areas of education and land governance, with the aim of implementing existing rights through improved institutional mechanisms.