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One source of the Global Academic Gap is that many universities and academic resources in the Global South are underresourced (sometimes massively so). If there is no money to pay for a generator to deal with electricity blackouts, or in case there is no money to hire scholars, then it's hard to even start doing […]
In: African journal of political science: a journal of the African Association of Political Science = Revue africaine de science politique, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 62-73
This article aims to conduct an ethnographic study on small female hands in the administration of the University of Yaoundé II in order to see to what extent the use of the concept of financial resilience makes sense. As a result, located in positions of administrative inferiority, small female hands, temporary administrative contract workers or with default status, seem more exposed to the pressures resulting from the various socio-political, health, economic and management hazards that may be faced the university institution. By taking into account the Covid-19 crisis as a temporal reference point, this study highlights the different financial strategies and practices mobilized by these agents to circumvent and confront the difficulties to which their socio-professional condition predisposes them. As such, it must be considered that these income compensation practices reflect the capacity of this category to adapt to the degrading developments which determine their precarious working conditions. They provide good information about their realities as resilience entrepreneurs. We can therefore link the financial resilience of small hands to legitimate socio-professional conditioning. One that promotes, as a position of action, the compensation of their income through the diversification of income-generating activities and the establishment of mutual aid and solidarity systems within the institution.
In: African journal of political science: a journal of the African Association of Political Science = Revue africaine de science politique, Band 11, Heft 1, S. 81-90
One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system. The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.
Partant de l'analyse d'une expérience d'expropriation d'une soixantaine de familles dans un quartier périphérique de Yaoundé, cet article étudie la manière dont le complotisme s'articule aux pratiques coercitives en vue du maintien de l'hégémonie au Cameroun. Il montre d'abord comment, face à un risque de déflagration sociale et d'arrêts des chantiers, les forces de police sont parvenues à maintenir l'ordre en instrumentalisant le complot en vue de disqualifier les critiques et les menaces des populations locales, lesquelles ont été les cibles d'une violence policière déployée de façon différenciée et « dosée » en fonction de leur statut socio-politique. Il montre ensuite comment cette violence est incorporée par les populations et module leurs critiques du pouvoir, en favorisant quotidiennement une posture ambivalente marquée à la fois par des discours de soutien aux idéaux et aux projets de l'État et par des discours dénonciateurs marqués du sceau du complotisme.
"In this article, we outline the history and evolution of the Congolese people from their origins to independance with the State preceding the Nation. Concerning democracy accession to legislative power after independance, there is in DRC a curious rotation of political transition beyond various regime changes and arrangements of Power sharing occurred between community groups. However, there were noises, quarrels and or violences between linguistic socio-anthropological actors on the legitimacy of power, access to the presidential chair, which gave rise to inter group conflicts till the country is divided into three community groups : the Luba community of Félix Tshisekedi from CACH-USNA at the center of power, the Swahili community of Joseph Kabila from AMP-FCC who genially handed over power but also on its periphery, and the Kongo-Ngala community of Martin Fayulu from LAMUKA to the outskirts. The concept « Majority » has cleverly been exploited by those in power in order to subjugate and or exclude their protagonists. In the context of this article, we finally propose the model of Rotary Democratic called « Inculturated Democracy » by Isidore Ndaywel in « Congolese historiography, an essay of achievement ». An alternative model to « Power sharing method » generally presented as democracy model in which the group element constitutes an important criterium of participation in term of access to political power, mainly the legislative power and its executive. Keywords : DRC - Mesoconflict - Political shift - Liberal democracy - Power sharing – Democratic rotation "
À Paris, on entend de toute part le même refrain : "La Françafrique est morte et enterrée !" Pourtant, de Ouagadougou à Libreville, de Dakar à Yaoundé, de Bamako à Abidjan, la jeunesse se révolte contre ce qu'elle perçoit comme une mainmise française sur son destin. Quinze ans après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la France a officiellement octroyé l'indépendance à ses anciennes colonies africaines. Une liberté en trompe l'oeil. En réalité, Paris a perpétué l'Empire français sous une autre forme : la Françafrique. Un système où se mêlent des mécanismes officiels, assumés, revendiqués (militaires, monétaires, diplomatiques, culturels...), et des logiques de l'ombre, officieuses, souvent criminelles. Un système érigé contre les intérêts des peuples, avec l'assentiment d'une partie des élites africaines et qui profite toujours aux autocrates africains "amis de la France". Un système que tous les présidents français ont laissé prospérer, en dépit des promesses de "rupture". Exceptionnel par son ampleur, inédit par son contenu, cet ouvrage retrace cette histoire méconnue, depuis les origines coloniales de la Françafrique jusqu'à ses évolutions les plus récentes. Rédigées par des spécialistes reconnus - chercheurs, journalistes ou militants associatifs -, les contributions rassemblées dans ce livre montrent que le système françafricain, loin de se déliter, ne cesse de s'adapter pour perdurer
The literature on urban travel behaviour in Africa is sparse, limiting our understanding of how urban transport policies respond to human and planetary needs. We conducted a cross-sectional household telephone survey on 1334 participants, using a 24-hour time-use diary, to investigate travel behaviour and barriers to active travel (walking and cycling) in Yaoundé, Cameroon. We found that two-thirds of all participants reported at least one trip; and the median (IQR) number of trips per capita and per participant with trips were 2 (0-3) and 2 (2-3), respectively. The main trip modes were shared taxi (46%), walking (27%), private cars (11%), and motorcycle taxis (10%); with 25%, 56%, and 45% of all participants reporting the use of active, motorised, and public transport, respectively. The mean (IQR) trip duration was 48 (30-60) minutes; and for participants who reported trips, the daily overall and active travel durations were 121 (60-150) and 28 (0-45) minutes, respectively. Women were less likely to travel and when they did, they made fewer and shorter trips. Participants in less wealthy households were more likely to travel. The fear of road traffic injuries and the inconvenience of active travel modes were the primary barriers to both walking and cycling. Therefore, local urban transport authorities need to improve the safety and convenience of active mobility and promote gender equity in transport. Restrictions to movements during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relatively small survey sample might have biased our results, thus a representative travel survey could improve current estimates. More generally, more high-quality research on travel behaviour and its correlates is needed in low-resource settings. ; This research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (GHR: 16/137/34) using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the UK government.
À Gênes, Italie, les ruines d'un ancien couvent ont été investies depuis six ans par un collectif dont certains individu·e·s ont des compétences et/ou un parcours d'artistes professionnels. À Yaoundé, Cameroun, des artistes de rue ont commencé à fédérer plusieurs disciplines artistiques (peinture murale, body painting, création de mode) afin d'occuper l'espace public de façon éphémère (par un défilé) et durable (en peignant des murs). En s'appuyant sur ces deux cas d'études, cet article cherche à comprendre les différentes formes d'art qui sont mobilisées, comme outils d'expression politique par des activistes et comme revendications activistes qui s'expriment par l'art. La recherche d'une reconnaissance individuelle et collective, le désir d'atteindre un certain niveau artistique et la volonté d'exprimer de façon artistique des revendications politiques invitent à repenser les dynamiques in situ pour mieux saisir la complexité de l'engagement artistique professionnel, politique et militant.
International audience ; Floods are considered as the natural hazards that affect the world's major metropolises the most. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity to flood risks of the Mfoundi watershed (96.5 km2) located in the heart of the Cameroonian political capital in a tropical humid forest zone, more precisely in the South Cameroon plateau. The methodological approach adopted was to identify the factors that most favor the risk of flooding in the area from intense literature review and field investigations; the analysis of these factors and the calculation of the Flood Harzard Index (FHI) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach coupled with the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The results reveal that among the ten parameters of the natural environment (elevation, drainage density, rainfall, slope, distance from the river, topographic humidity, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level, geology and land cover) selected, the land cover, elevation and the geology are the factors that most influences the flooding phenomenon in the area. The value of Flood Hazard Index (FHI) varied from 4.16 to 9.16, the higher the value, the more sensitive the area is to the risk of flooding. Five main classes of flood susceptibility are highlighted: very low, low, moderate, high and very high, representing 9.50, 26, 23, 22 and 19.5%, respectively of the study area. To validate the efficiency of the obtained flood susceptibility map, the adopted Area Under the Curve (AUC) method shows a very good accuracy (0.84 or 84%). The results of this study constitute a basic tool for decision-making for environmental management by public authorities and decentralised territorial authorities with territorial jurisdiction.
International audience ; Floods are considered as the natural hazards that affect the world's major metropolises the most. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity to flood risks of the Mfoundi watershed (96.5 km2) located in the heart of the Cameroonian political capital in a tropical humid forest zone, more precisely in the South Cameroon plateau. The methodological approach adopted was to identify the factors that most favor the risk of flooding in the area from intense literature review and field investigations; the analysis of these factors and the calculation of the Flood Harzard Index (FHI) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach coupled with the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The results reveal that among the ten parameters of the natural environment (elevation, drainage density, rainfall, slope, distance from the river, topographic humidity, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level, geology and land cover) selected, the land cover, elevation and the geology are the factors that most influences the flooding phenomenon in the area. The value of Flood Hazard Index (FHI) varied from 4.16 to 9.16, the higher the value, the more sensitive the area is to the risk of flooding. Five main classes of flood susceptibility are highlighted: very low, low, moderate, high and very high, representing 9.50, 26, 23, 22 and 19.5%, respectively of the study area. To validate the efficiency of the obtained flood susceptibility map, the adopted Area Under the Curve (AUC) method shows a very good accuracy (0.84 or 84%). The results of this study constitute a basic tool for decision-making for environmental management by public authorities and decentralised territorial authorities with territorial jurisdiction.
International audience ; Floods are considered as the natural hazards that affect the world's major metropolises the most. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity to flood risks of the Mfoundi watershed (96.5 km2) located in the heart of the Cameroonian political capital in a tropical humid forest zone, more precisely in the South Cameroon plateau. The methodological approach adopted was to identify the factors that most favor the risk of flooding in the area from intense literature review and field investigations; the analysis of these factors and the calculation of the Flood Harzard Index (FHI) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach coupled with the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The results reveal that among the ten parameters of the natural environment (elevation, drainage density, rainfall, slope, distance from the river, topographic humidity, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level, geology and land cover) selected, the land cover, elevation and the geology are the factors that most influences the flooding phenomenon in the area. The value of Flood Hazard Index (FHI) varied from 4.16 to 9.16, the higher the value, the more sensitive the area is to the risk of flooding. Five main classes of flood susceptibility are highlighted: very low, low, moderate, high and very high, representing 9.50, 26, 23, 22 and 19.5%, respectively of the study area. To validate the efficiency of the obtained flood susceptibility map, the adopted Area Under the Curve (AUC) method shows a very good accuracy (0.84 or 84%). The results of this study constitute a basic tool for decision-making for environmental management by public authorities and decentralised territorial authorities with territorial jurisdiction.
International audience ; Floods are considered as the natural hazards that affect the world's major metropolises the most. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the sensitivity to flood risks of the Mfoundi watershed (96.5 km2) located in the heart of the Cameroonian political capital in a tropical humid forest zone, more precisely in the South Cameroon plateau. The methodological approach adopted was to identify the factors that most favor the risk of flooding in the area from intense literature review and field investigations; the analysis of these factors and the calculation of the Flood Harzard Index (FHI) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach coupled with the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. The results reveal that among the ten parameters of the natural environment (elevation, drainage density, rainfall, slope, distance from the river, topographic humidity, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater level, geology and land cover) selected, the land cover, elevation and the geology are the factors that most influences the flooding phenomenon in the area. The value of Flood Hazard Index (FHI) varied from 4.16 to 9.16, the higher the value, the more sensitive the area is to the risk of flooding. Five main classes of flood susceptibility are highlighted: very low, low, moderate, high and very high, representing 9.50, 26, 23, 22 and 19.5%, respectively of the study area. To validate the efficiency of the obtained flood susceptibility map, the adopted Area Under the Curve (AUC) method shows a very good accuracy (0.84 or 84%). The results of this study constitute a basic tool for decision-making for environmental management by public authorities and decentralised territorial authorities with territorial jurisdiction.
The increasing need for animal proteins has led to an interest in non-conventional protein sources such as snails. Although several species of snails are locally reared and highly prized by Cameroonians, there is a lack of information regarding their composition and safety. This work aimed at assessing the chemical composition, the microbiological quality and the total aflatoxins (AFs) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) contents of the fleshes from three snails' species traditionally reared in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Samples of Achatina achatina (10), Achatina fulica (10) and Archachatina marginata (10) were randomly collected from a selected farm in Mimboman quarter of Yaoundé and their chemical composition and microbiological quality were evaluated through AOAC and ISO methods, respectively. Their levels of AFs and AFB(1) were assessed using competitive ELISA. The results showed that snail fleshes were a good source of proteins and iron with the one from A. achatina containing the highest protein (15.26%) and iron (7.80 mg/100g) contents. Microbiological analyses revealed that the total aerobic counts of the different samples of snail fleshes were all higher than 6 Log CFU/g thus suggesting a reduced shelf life of the raw product. The safety issue of the snail fleshes is questionable as they contained pathogens such as coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. at levels higher than the norms. Although yeasts and moulds were found in snail fleshes at loads ranging from 3.5 to 4.17 Log CFU/g, their AFs and AFB(1) contents were respectively below 0.22 and 0.44 ppb, values that are lower than that of raw food intended for human consumption. This study demonstrated the potential of snails as an alternative protein source from animal origin and suggests that particular attention should be paid by the government to sensitize the farmers on good hygiene and farming practices and the consumers on good cooking practices.