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section 1. Understanding young people, inequality, and youth work -- section 2. Social progress through youth work : welfare and wellbeing -- section 3. section 3. Social progress through youth work : radical and democratic possibilities -- section 4. Themes and conclusions.

It is generally acknowledged that large youth cohorts or 'youth bulges' make countries more susceptible to antistate political violence. Thus, we assume that governments are forewarned about the political demographic threat that a youth bulge represents to the status quo and will attempt to preempt behavioral challenges by engaging in repression. A statistical analysis of the relationship between youth bulges and state repression from 1976 to 2000 confirms our expectation. Controlling for factors known to be associated with coercive state action, we find that governments facing a youth bulge are more repressive than other states. This relationship holds when controlling for, and running interactions with, levels of actual protest behavior. Youth bulges and other elements that may matter for preemptive state strategies should therefore be included in future empirical models of state repression. Adapted from the source document.

A growing number of studies show connections between youth participation in service and service-learning opportunities and positive behavior outcomes. Building on this data, the article presents National Youth Service Day (NYSD) as a program that can be incorporated into ongoing activities to enhance youth development goals. The paper describes the program's components– building a network of support organizations, offering project planning grants, providing service-learning materials, and developing a media and advocacy campaign. Examples of NYSD projects show how project planners are using the program to learn and practice academic and non-academic skills. A review of evaluations to date indicates the program is annually increasing its output measures. Participants' responses show that the program is also contributing to positive behavioral changes, in particular related to young people's increasing awareness about specific community issues and their own competency in addressing them.

The transition to adulthood for many is mediated by class, culture, and local/global influences on identity. This volume analyzes the global injustices that create inequities and restrict future opportunities for young people during this transitional time, including poverty, unemployment, human rights, race, ethnicity and location. It critically examines global instances of youth discrimination, offering positive strategies and practices such as youth work that successfully remediate these injustices. With international contributions from Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, England, Malaysia, Per

In the 2010s Russia, government-organized local, regional and national youth forums have become major sites for state-youth interaction. These typically weeklong summer camps are organized across Russia, attracting up to one million participants annually. Although the forums have diverse foci, they are all formal platforms of youth participation, aimed at young people engaging in 'compliant' forms of activism. Drawing from qualitative content analysis of official reports and media accounts combined with participant observation and interview data, this article analyses the forums as a case of youth policy in an authoritarian political setting. It finds that the government treats youth as a 'problematic resource'. Moreover, while the forums' agenda is defined by the policymakers, young people acquire and apply agency to navigate and negotiate the official agenda and re-signify it to respond to their interests. This process, it is argued, has an empowering effect regardless of the constraining authoritarian setting. ; Peer reviewed

Contemporary society extols the image of youth, based on aesthetic criteria, while at the same time it makes the situation of youths as individuals precarious. This paradox is especially paradigmàtic in the Mediterranean basin, where the gap between the two shores is relevant to demographic studies and the theories of the clash of civilizations. The analysis of factors such as migrations or fertility rates highlights the lack of young people that the Mediterranean area will experience in the coming decades, a phenomenon whose extent will finally depend on the political and socioeconomic framework of each country. ; La sociedad contemporánea ensalza la imagen de la juventud, basada en criterios estéticos, al tiempo que precariza la situación de los jóvenes en tanto que individuos. Esta paradoja es especialmente paradigmática en la cuenca mediterránea, donde la fractura entre las dos orillas resulta relevante para los estudios demográficos y las teorías del choque de civilizaciones. El análisis de factores como las migraciones o las tasas de fecundidad destaca la escasez de jóvenes que experimentará el área mediterránea en las próximas décadas, fenómeno cuyo alcance dependerá en último término del marco político y socioeconómico de cada país.

Abstract
Youth participated in the negotiations for the Sustainable Development Goals (sdg s) as an official United Nations constituency. And yet, so far, there has been no study of their participation in these negotiations. This is even more surprising given that the 2015 sdg s are now under their review stage just as youth are emerging, through protests, as key players in sustainable development governance. In order to improve knowledge of youth as global actors, this article embraces an innovative 'youth agency' perspective in global politics. Borrowing from youth studies, such a perspective relies on three research questions, on the (i) identity of youth actors, (ii) their claims, and (iii) their impact at the global level. Methodologically, the article mostly relies on a qualitative assessment of youth experiences in negotiation processes through interviews of youth actors. It reveals the subjectivities of youth identity at the global level and the limits of their achievements within formal negotiation processes.