Suchergebnisse

Das politische Kardinalproblem Österreichs in der Zwischenkriegszeit war die Arbeitslosigkeit als Dauer- und Massenerscheinung. Die Ursachen dieses Phänomens waren vielschichtig. Zu ihnen zählten die Beschränkungen des Friedensvertrags von 1919, das Strukturproblem Österreich nach der Desintegration 1918 mit dem defunktionalisierten Zentrum Wien, eine Wirtschaftspolitik des laissez faire, die die österreichische Wirtschaft im wortwörtlichen Sinne sich selbst überließ, die Rationalisierungswelle der 1920er Jahre, die Bankenkrise und die finanzielle Beschränkung der österreichischen Wirtschaftspolitik. Folgen waren sinkende Einkommen, Auswanderung, Maßnahmen gegen "Doppelverdiener" und der "Freiwillige Arbeitsdienst". (ICE)

Im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen die steirischen Arbeiterinnen, ihre Erwerbstätigkeit, ihre Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen sowie ihre politischen Vereinigungen, welche sich innerhalb dieser Zeit des sozioökonomischem Wandels und des politischen Spannungsfeldes zwischen dem bürgerlichen und proletarischen Lager befanden. Die österreichische Arbeiterinnen- und Arbeiterbewegung erzielte nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg immense Erfolge die auch bis zur heutigen Zeit Bestand haben. Einige Forderungen der damaligen Zeit sind heute noch genauso aktuell und heiß diskutiert wie in dieser Umbruchsphase. Die österreichische sowie steirische Arbeiterinnen- und Arbeiterbewegung, die Arbeiterinnen- und Arbeiterkultur und die Industriearbeiterschaft fanden bereits in den 1980er Jahren Eingang in einschlägige Fachliteratur. Der steirischen Frauenarbeit in der Zwischenkriegszeit wird hingegen in der Literatur nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Um nähere Informationen über die Lebensumstände der Arbeiterinnen in der Steiermark zu erhalten und diese zu veranschaulichen, wurden neben den Berichten der Gewerbeinspektoren von 1920 bis 1938 auch Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenartikel und Leserbriefe miteinbezogen. Die aufgestellte These und die daraus resultierenden Forschungsfragen konnten durch die umfangreichen Quellen bearbeitet und beantwortet werden. ; This master thesis is concerned with "female Styrian workers in the interwar period" .The Austrian labour movement achieved significant results after the First World War, many of which have left a permanent legacy. Some demands that were made at the time are still relevant today and are still fiercely contested as they were in that time of upheaval.The Austrian and Styrian labour movement, working class culture and working and living conditions of the industrial workforce have all been examined in literary works of the 1980s. Only little attention has been paid in relevant literary works to the female Styrian labour force in the interwar period. In order to obtain more detailed information that would illustrate the living conditions of female workers in Styria, I used reports of trade inspectors from 1920 to 1938, which I supplemented with newspaper and magazine articles, letters, poems and autobiographical texts.This wide variety of sources made it possible to execute and answer the research question and the resulting thesis. ; vorgelegt von Doris Fikerment BA ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2017 ; (VLID)2296459

There is hardly another source of income which suffered effects as comprehensively adverse at the outbreak of World War I as sea fishing. In order to guarantee the supply of the population with affordable nourishment, the "Reich Commissioner's Office for the Provision of Fish" was founded during the war as a means of regulating fishing, fish trade and the fish-processing industry. This controlled economy, with its guaranteed turnover and the granting of "suitable" prices, had the effect of an artificial economic pick-up on coastal fishing and encouraged the promotion of motor fishing through the creation of financial reserves. Fishing in the Baltic Sea was not nearly as severely disrupted by the events of the war as that in the North Sea, a circumstance which led to overfishing and the reckless exploitation of fish stocks. The revocation of the controls on 1 August 1919 was nevertheless welcomed by all involved, and followed immediately by a substantial increase in prices due to the increased demand. Only later did people realize that without state supervision there was also no longer any protection. Due to the "collapse of the mark", the value of the currency continued to deteriorate, a state of affairs that was accompanied by rises in the costs of all materials, including fuel. For these reasons, and because of the general increase in living expenses after the war, the further development of the fishing industry was severely impaired. There was a general lack of international closed seasons, but the competition of foreign fishermen with toll-free merchandise on the domestic markets had an even more devastating effect, and subjected the fishing industry to an economic situation in which its very existence was threatened. Now freely accessible capital was extremely rare, and as a result of the scarcity of money, the practitioners of this profession – especially those on the Baltic Sea – underwent general impoverishment due to debt. The fishermen incurred ever greater debts with the fish-processing plants, suppliers and cooperatives. The German states, districts and municipalities bordering the Baltic Sea thus had no choice but to help the fishermen by granting them loans or making payments of sums earmarked as "lost subsidies without repayment requirement" to prevent the members of the fishing trade from losing their livelihoods. The "death blow" to Baltic Sea fishing, however, was the harsh winter of 1929 and the accompanying ice conditions. These months without income were all the more devastating due to the fact that the fishermen had not been able to accumulate any savings in the preceding period. In this article, the example of the coastal fishermen of Warnemünde serves to illustrate the threatening state of financial distress during the era in question.