Suchergebnisse

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

The objective of master thesis is to analyze the expression of NGO advocacy at the national level in Lithuania, based on a study by non-governmental organizations defending the interests of children with type 1 diabetes. In order to substantiate the defense, the theoretical aspects of advocacy are examined. According to theoretical aspects, NGOs practice advocacy, which is the representation and defense of the public interest in order to influence decision-makers. The impact of NGOs operating at different levels on decision-makers is made by applying the criteria of effective implementation of NGO advocacy: relevance of the problem to interest groups, validity of the proposed solution, activity of advocacy actors, effectiveness of political actions and compliance with the goal. The study found that NGOs representing the interests of children with type 1 diabetes at various levels, but the national level is the most effective. It found that the most important criteria for the implementation of effective advocacy is the relevance of the problem of interest in respect of the proposed reasonableness and advocacy actors activity. The problematic criteria are the effectiveness of political action and the relevance of the goal. On the basis of the criteria analysis, the defense was partially confirmed. The principles of NGOs advocacy are partially applied effectively at the national level. It is confirmed by the ineffective organization of the representation in the central institutions of the interests of NGOs in the Monitoring Council for Diabetes Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Lithuania and lack of self-assessment of NGO actions.

War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.

War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.

War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.

War, domestic violence, and economic instability in a country force its residents to flee their homeland and their place of birth to a different part of the world to save their lives, and around 70.8 million people have been displaced across the world (UNHCR, 2019). It is also a fundamental fact that women and children who have fled in this manner have been subject to various forms of violence and torture during their journey. Refugees are increasingly interested in emigrating to the United States of America, given the political and economic importance of the nation. Nevertheless, the United States has a strict legal system in place to prevent uncontrolled immigration, and hence the refugees face a variety of problems in order to travel to it. Refugees, particularly those travelling tens of thousands of kilometres are from Central American countries, Africa, Iran, and Syria, have arrived inmany towns along the US-Mexico border. Increasing numbers of refugees force governments of the receiving countries to provide accommodation, food, and other facilities, which causes an inevitable financial crisis in the receiving regions. In such cases, the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a significant role in helping refugees with various types of assistance, and it is important to analyze the human rights activities of NGOs. NGOs have been a lobbyist in influencing legislators through a variety of political consultations and creating laws that protect refugees. It is crucial that NGOs can influence the Government level and various types of Cabinet Meetings, to study the issues of refugees and provide different kinds of possible support and assistance through their advocacy activities. The influence of the new media technologies in this twenty-first century has increased the opportunity to understand the lives of different people from different parts of the world and conduct various socio-political debates on global issues, such as the refugee crisis. Therefore, we need to evaluate the role of the social media of NGOs as a lobbyist in advocacy on addressing the refugee crisis. The article aims to identify the role of NGOs in addressing the migrant crisis and upholding the sanctuary policy in Florida that facilitates migrant integration. Research methods include a qualitative interview with the Florida Immigrant Coalition (FIC) and analyzing its social media discourse. The anti-sanctuary bill passed by the Florida state legislature were analysed; the analysis shows that the advocacy for the refugee crisis by NGOs using social media platforms increases civic participation. Such activism has a significant role in influencing policy framework on combating the crisis of refugee integration.

Although high alcohol consumption has long been a widely-recognized problem in Lithuanian public policy circles, there were no major alcohol control policy changes until 2016. This thesis argues that a unique set of circumstances were needed to impose strict alcohol measures that were introduced by the current Government. This Master thesis uses Paul Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory to explain what factors lead to major policy changes that were achieved in 2017. Sabatier combines "bottom up" and "top down" approaches to construct a theoretical model that explains the process of policy change in a complicated policymaking environment. Sabatier studies policy processes through the lenses of advocacy coalitions and policy subsystems. Advocacy coalitions are defined as groups of various actors that share particular belief systems and coordinate activities to achieve policy change. Policy subsystems are issue-specific networks, which are contested by opposing advocacy coalitions. According to ACF theory, an advocacy coalition can contain very diverse actors such as scientists, journalists, politicians and other actors unified by certain core beliefs. We argue that the theory fails to distinguish between actors who are active in policy making and actors who are only active in influencing policy makers. Thus, the role of political parties, arguably the most important actors in parliamentary democracies, remains relatively unclear. This thesis aims to make a small contribution towards rectifying this problem. In order to explain strict alcohol control measures imposed in 2017, this thesis analyzes Lithuania's advocacy control subsystem, which is contested by "Anti-alcohol" and "Individual choice" advocacy coalitions. "Anti-alcohol" coalition argues for tighter alcohol control through the lenses of public health interest, while "Individual choice" coalition opposes tight regulation arguing that such measures stifle individual's freedom of choice. This case is interesting, because both "Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union" (LFGU), ruling party since October 2016, and "Lithuanian Christian Democrat Unions" (LCDU), the leading opposition party, shared both core beliefs and a lot of secondary beliefs in regards to alcohol control. Although both parties shared the goal of stricter alcohol control, policy making process in 2016-2017 was marked by a high degree of political conflict. ACF theory fails to explain why two actors of "Anti-alcohol" control coalition, with shared core beliefs and most of secondary beliefs, had a profound clash. This thesis employed theory process method to study a one year time frame, from formation of a new ruling coalition in December 2016 to adoption of new alcohol control regulations in June 2017. In order to answer why a major alcohol control policy breakthrough was achieved in 2017 and what was the role of LFGU and LCDU parties in the policy change process.

Although high alcohol consumption has long been a widely-recognized problem in Lithuanian public policy circles, there were no major alcohol control policy changes until 2016. This thesis argues that a unique set of circumstances were needed to impose strict alcohol measures that were introduced by the current Government. This Master thesis uses Paul Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory to explain what factors lead to major policy changes that were achieved in 2017. Sabatier combines "bottom up" and "top down" approaches to construct a theoretical model that explains the process of policy change in a complicated policymaking environment. Sabatier studies policy processes through the lenses of advocacy coalitions and policy subsystems. Advocacy coalitions are defined as groups of various actors that share particular belief systems and coordinate activities to achieve policy change. Policy subsystems are issue-specific networks, which are contested by opposing advocacy coalitions. According to ACF theory, an advocacy coalition can contain very diverse actors such as scientists, journalists, politicians and other actors unified by certain core beliefs. We argue that the theory fails to distinguish between actors who are active in policy making and actors who are only active in influencing policy makers. Thus, the role of political parties, arguably the most important actors in parliamentary democracies, remains relatively unclear. This thesis aims to make a small contribution towards rectifying this problem. In order to explain strict alcohol control measures imposed in 2017, this thesis analyzes Lithuania's advocacy control subsystem, which is contested by "Anti-alcohol" and "Individual choice" advocacy coalitions. "Anti-alcohol" coalition argues for tighter alcohol control through the lenses of public health interest, while "Individual choice" coalition opposes tight regulation arguing that such measures stifle individual's freedom of choice. This case is interesting, because both "Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union" (LFGU), ruling party since October 2016, and "Lithuanian Christian Democrat Unions" (LCDU), the leading opposition party, shared both core beliefs and a lot of secondary beliefs in regards to alcohol control. Although both parties shared the goal of stricter alcohol control, policy making process in 2016-2017 was marked by a high degree of political conflict. ACF theory fails to explain why two actors of "Anti-alcohol" control coalition, with shared core beliefs and most of secondary beliefs, had a profound clash. This thesis employed theory process method to study a one year time frame, from formation of a new ruling coalition in December 2016 to adoption of new alcohol control regulations in June 2017. In order to answer why a major alcohol control policy breakthrough was achieved in 2017 and what was the role of LFGU and LCDU parties in the policy change process.

Although high alcohol consumption has long been a widely-recognized problem in Lithuanian public policy circles, there were no major alcohol control policy changes until 2016. This thesis argues that a unique set of circumstances were needed to impose strict alcohol measures that were introduced by the current Government. This Master thesis uses Paul Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory to explain what factors lead to major policy changes that were achieved in 2017. Sabatier combines "bottom up" and "top down" approaches to construct a theoretical model that explains the process of policy change in a complicated policymaking environment. Sabatier studies policy processes through the lenses of advocacy coalitions and policy subsystems. Advocacy coalitions are defined as groups of various actors that share particular belief systems and coordinate activities to achieve policy change. Policy subsystems are issue-specific networks, which are contested by opposing advocacy coalitions. According to ACF theory, an advocacy coalition can contain very diverse actors such as scientists, journalists, politicians and other actors unified by certain core beliefs. We argue that the theory fails to distinguish between actors who are active in policy making and actors who are only active in influencing policy makers. Thus, the role of political parties, arguably the most important actors in parliamentary democracies, remains relatively unclear. This thesis aims to make a small contribution towards rectifying this problem. In order to explain strict alcohol control measures imposed in 2017, this thesis analyzes Lithuania's advocacy control subsystem, which is contested by "Anti-alcohol" and "Individual choice" advocacy coalitions. "Anti-alcohol" coalition argues for tighter alcohol control through the lenses of public health interest, while "Individual choice" coalition opposes tight regulation arguing that such measures stifle individual's freedom of choice. This case is interesting, because both "Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union" (LFGU), ruling party since October 2016, and "Lithuanian Christian Democrat Unions" (LCDU), the leading opposition party, shared both core beliefs and a lot of secondary beliefs in regards to alcohol control. Although both parties shared the goal of stricter alcohol control, policy making process in 2016-2017 was marked by a high degree of political conflict. ACF theory fails to explain why two actors of "Anti-alcohol" control coalition, with shared core beliefs and most of secondary beliefs, had a profound clash. This thesis employed theory process method to study a one year time frame, from formation of a new ruling coalition in December 2016 to adoption of new alcohol control regulations in June 2017. In order to answer why a major alcohol control policy breakthrough was achieved in 2017 and what was the role of LFGU and LCDU parties in the policy change process.

Although high alcohol consumption has long been a widely-recognized problem in Lithuanian public policy circles, there were no major alcohol control policy changes until 2016. This thesis argues that a unique set of circumstances were needed to impose strict alcohol measures that were introduced by the current Government. This Master thesis uses Paul Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) theory to explain what factors lead to major policy changes that were achieved in 2017. Sabatier combines "bottom up" and "top down" approaches to construct a theoretical model that explains the process of policy change in a complicated policymaking environment. Sabatier studies policy processes through the lenses of advocacy coalitions and policy subsystems. Advocacy coalitions are defined as groups of various actors that share particular belief systems and coordinate activities to achieve policy change. Policy subsystems are issue-specific networks, which are contested by opposing advocacy coalitions. According to ACF theory, an advocacy coalition can contain very diverse actors such as scientists, journalists, politicians and other actors unified by certain core beliefs. We argue that the theory fails to distinguish between actors who are active in policy making and actors who are only active in influencing policy makers. Thus, the role of political parties, arguably the most important actors in parliamentary democracies, remains relatively unclear. This thesis aims to make a small contribution towards rectifying this problem. In order to explain strict alcohol control measures imposed in 2017, this thesis analyzes Lithuania's advocacy control subsystem, which is contested by "Anti-alcohol" and "Individual choice" advocacy coalitions. "Anti-alcohol" coalition argues for tighter alcohol control through the lenses of public health interest, while "Individual choice" coalition opposes tight regulation arguing that such measures stifle individual's freedom of choice. This case is interesting, because both "Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union" (LFGU), ruling party since October 2016, and "Lithuanian Christian Democrat Unions" (LCDU), the leading opposition party, shared both core beliefs and a lot of secondary beliefs in regards to alcohol control. Although both parties shared the goal of stricter alcohol control, policy making process in 2016-2017 was marked by a high degree of political conflict. ACF theory fails to explain why two actors of "Anti-alcohol" control coalition, with shared core beliefs and most of secondary beliefs, had a profound clash. This thesis employed theory process method to study a one year time frame, from formation of a new ruling coalition in December 2016 to adoption of new alcohol control regulations in June 2017. In order to answer why a major alcohol control policy breakthrough was achieved in 2017 and what was the role of LFGU and LCDU parties in the policy change process.

This master paper presents the analysis of the collective defence of civil servants' rights and interests in the civil service in theory and in practice. The concept of a civil servant and its kinds are defined at the beginning of the research that in the most common meaning determine the scope of the collective advocacy rights as well as the restrictions applied to them. The right of civil servants to join the organisations which is viewed as a necessary presumption of collective bargaining is discussed in great detail. Moreover, the peculiarities of legal regulations of the right to join the organisations are pointed out at national and international levels. The distinctive features of social partnerships as an implementation of effective means of interest adjustment in the civil service are analysed in this study whereas the forms of social partnership implementation are discussed separately. The presumptions of the development of a social dialogue in the civil service are discussed while highlighting the necessity of the implementation of information and consultation procedures in the civil service with the view to appropriate and efficient advocacy of the civil servant rights and interests. The problems and tendencies of collective bargaining regarding the conclusion of collective agreements in the civil service are also set out and discussed. Collective work disagreements that arose in the civil service are viewed and the resolution methods as well as proposed suggestions regarding the development of positive methods are presented in this paper while tackling collective work disagreements in the civil service.

This master paper presents the analysis of the collective defence of civil servants' rights and interests in the civil service in theory and in practice. The concept of a civil servant and its kinds are defined at the beginning of the research that in the most common meaning determine the scope of the collective advocacy rights as well as the restrictions applied to them. The right of civil servants to join the organisations which is viewed as a necessary presumption of collective bargaining is discussed in great detail. Moreover, the peculiarities of legal regulations of the right to join the organisations are pointed out at national and international levels. The distinctive features of social partnerships as an implementation of effective means of interest adjustment in the civil service are analysed in this study whereas the forms of social partnership implementation are discussed separately. The presumptions of the development of a social dialogue in the civil service are discussed while highlighting the necessity of the implementation of information and consultation procedures in the civil service with the view to appropriate and efficient advocacy of the civil servant rights and interests. The problems and tendencies of collective bargaining regarding the conclusion of collective agreements in the civil service are also set out and discussed. Collective work disagreements that arose in the civil service are viewed and the resolution methods as well as proposed suggestions regarding the development of positive methods are presented in this paper while tackling collective work disagreements in the civil service.

Authors of the present article analyze legislation of the European Union on provision of legal services in another EU member state. This article also examines case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, consequently revealing problems of applying the analyzed legislation in practice. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the norms, provided in the Law on Advocacy of the Republic of Lithuania, which are related to establishment and provision of services of other EU member states in the Republic of Lithuania, and critically evaluate the compliance of certain norms of the Law to the requirements of the European Union legislation.