Suchergebnisse

This study aims to determine and analyze the Regional Government Strategy in Ordering the Administration of Moving PopulationsCome, to find out and analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Regional Government Strategy in Ordering Population AdministrationMoving and Coming, as well as to find out and analyze the efforts made in overcoming the inhibiting factors of the Regional Government Strategy inControlling the Administration of Migratory Residents in Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. This research uses Strategy Theory from Hunger DanWhelen (2003) as an analytical knife where in the theory of Hunger and Whelen Strategy includes 4 (four) indicators namely Environmental Observation,Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation, and Evaluation and Control. The research method used is descriptive qualitative methodwith an inductive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. Interviewed informantsnamely the Head of the Population and Civil Registration Service, the Head of the Population Registration Service Division, the Head of the Population Migration Section,Head of Mantikulore sub-district, Tawaeli sub-district head, and the community which includes community leaders and youth leaders. Based on the results of research that hascarried out, in overcoming the problem of relocating residents, the local government through the Department of Population and Civil Registration of the City of Paluimplementing strategies that are already quite good, but public awareness still needs to be improved. ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam Menertibkan Administrasi Penduduk PindahDatang, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat Strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam Menertibkan Administrasi PendudukPindah Datang, serta untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi faktor penghambat Strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalamMenertibkan Administrasi Penduduk ...

The Asia-Pacific region is a very strategic region for cooperation in the economic and security fields. This makes this region very contested by the two countries of hegemony in the economic field, namely, China and the United States. To achieve these interests, China and the United States must contribute to the region, one of which is conducting Institutional balancing with institutions that are quite influential in the Asia-Pacific region such as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN Plus Three (APT), East Asia Summit (EAS). And this paper willdiscusswhy the United States changed its foreign policy from theMiddle East to Asia-Pacificregion. The dynamic of the regionshows thatChina plays an important role along with its national capability improvement. The increase in China's national capability is seen as a challenge to national interests, as well as security for the United States alliance states in the Asia-Pacific region. Using an analytical framework based on the Balance of Threat theory, the authorconcludes that there is a strong relation betweenChina's national capability improvements with the implementation of US rebalancing strategy to the Asia-Pacific region.

Background: Brucellosis in pigs at East Java Indonesia has not only cause great economic losses due to a decrease in productivity of livestock but also are zoonotic. Infection on free brucelosis pigs were initially begun with the infected pigs both male and female, or the use of superior male pigs together. The elimination of the disease either on a group or population is considered as the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease in pigs. Prevention efforts mainly addressed to vaccination, sanitary maintenace and government policy. The purpose of this study was to isolated and identified Brucella suis as the causative agent. Material and Methods: The survey area were the pig farm owned by breeder farmers in the area of East Java Indonesia, at Kediri, Malang, Blitar and Probolinggo district. Blood samples obtained were tested with RBT. Pigs are suspected of being infected with Brucella if the RBT was positive that characterized with agglutination in the test results. If RBT was positive, bacteriological examination will be performed, with samples of visceral foetus organ, ie liver, spleen, placenta and amniotic fluid. Isolation and identification of Brucella suis were used Brucella Broth and Brucella Agar, and if the bacteri growthwill be continued with biochemical test ie H2S, urease, citrate, catalase and oxidase test. The positive results of Brucella suis showed positive urease, catalase andoxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S. Results: RBT and bacteriolgical examination showed that 1 sample was positive Brucella suis, and 19 negative. The positive results showed positive urease, catalase and oxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S Conclusion: Based on RBT test and bacteriological examination, there was 1 positive sample of brucellla suis, that is sample coming from Kediri district. Key words: Brucela suis, pig, isolation,identification, zoonotic

ABSTRACT This research is a qualitative research using verbal data from respondents' information about the implementation of the teacher certification policy in a position at the Cirebon District Education Office. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation, and documentation. The selection of informants used purposive sampling technique. Data analysis in this study uses qualitative descriptive analysis with data reduction and data display stages.The implementation study is a study of policy studies that lead to the implementation process of a policy. In practice policy implementation is a process that is so complex that it is not infrequently politically charged with the intervention of various interests. This study uses the theory of George C. Edward III. In this theory, the success of a policy implementation is influenced by four factors: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. Furthermore, to analyze the implementation of the Teacher Certification Policy in the Office of the Cirebon District Education Office, this research will focus on observing these factors as observable phenomena. Based on the results of the study showed that the implementation of the teacher certification policy in the position in the Cirebon District Education Office, in general, has gone well. In the communication factor, the subfactor of transmission and consistency of information is good, but from the subfactor of clarity, there is a problem. This lack of clarity in information includes the requirements to carry out certification. Furthermore, on the factors of resources, sub-factors of staff, information, authority is effective but the sub-factors of facilities are inadequate. Facilities in the form of facilities and infrastructure, as well as a special budget for the implementation of certification in the Cirebon District Education Office, are insufficient. The factors of the disposition of the implementor include good. The bureaucratic structure factor also supports the implementation of the policy.The Cirebon District Education Office needs to conduct an optimal socialization by empowering principals and teacher supervisors, optimizing the utilization of a database of all public and private teachers in Cirebon District. Furthermore, the Cirebon District local government prioritized funds for implementing teacher certification in positions in the Cirebon District Education Office and providing incentives for implementers as beneficiaries.

This research intended to explain the implementation of e-voting policy on the head of the village election at Mempawah Region Kalimantan Barat. The election was done for twice occasions, at 2017 and 2018. Purpose of the research was to describe and analyze the implementation process of e-voting policy on the head of the village election at Mempawah Region Kalimantan Barat. The research method in this paper was using qualitative methods with descriptive technique. In order to gain information on the implementation process of e-voting policy on the head of the village at Mempawah Region, Kalimantan Barat. Charles O. Jones (1996: 296) theory stated that the implementation process of e-voting policy was based on three pillars, which are the organization, interpretation, and application. We found that there were some obstacles in implementing e-voting policy, such as the lack of electronic facilities quantity and quality that supported the policy, there were also a lot of people which has not been registered in the e-voting application, and some negatives perception of the e-voting process. Researchers have several recommendations to overcome the problems. First, the government should do socialization on the e-voting election. Second, an improvement in the e-voting system especially on the issue of the person with disabilities. Third, evaluate the regulation. Lastly, increase the coordination among stakeholders within bureaucracy and village staff in order to have a better database of the elector.

Optimizing the area of oil palm plantations can be approached through the Cow and Palm Oil Integration System (SISKA), to increase efficiency and productivity through the integration of the plantation sub-sector with the livestock sub-sector. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer groups and the institutional aspects of these groups in supporting the SISKA program in Pelalawan District. The approach used in this study was the institutional theory of Syahyuti. The role of farmer groups (as learning classes, production units and vehicles for collaboration) and institutional aspects of farmer groups (aspects of values, norms and behavior) were analyzed using Likert scale. The relationship between the roles and institutional aspects of the farmer groups was analyzed by Spearman Correlation test. The overall role of the farmer group is in the good category with a score of 3.49, most of the members (69.60%) answered in the fairly good and good category. The overall institutional aspects based on values, norms and behavior in the SISKA farmer group are in the good category with a score of 4.05. Correlation on sub-variable values, norms and behavior towards the role of farmers as units of production is a strong direct correlation. This shows that values, norms and behavior in groups affect, encourage and enhance the role of groups as learning classes that support the level of knowledge of farmers and the role of farmer groups as production unit.

Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement that originated Dati Trans Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPSEP) which is a high standard agreement as it seeks to eliminate tax costs for trade in goods, services and agriculture, as well as to build and extend regulations about intellectual property rights issues, foreign investment, and other trade related issues. For the U.S. during the administration of President Barack Obama, TPP is projected as a manifestation of the "Pivot to Asia" policy that can form the foundation for shaping the economic and political architecture of the Asia Pacific region, but in its development, TPP gets many obstacles, Dati the domestic environment of the U.S. and Dati the international environment. That obstacles impacted the U.S. membership status in the TPP during the administration of President Donald Trump. President Donald Trump took a policy opposite to Barrack Obama by withdraws the U.S. membership Dati TPP on 23 January 2017, which marked by the Presidential Memorandum. This paper will analyze the factors that became the background of the U.S. withdrawal Dati the membership of TPP in the era of President Donald Trump. Based on the theory of foreign policy decision making Dati Richard C. Snyder, the authors found three factors that become the background of the policy: the conditions of the U.S. domestic politics, the condition of the U.S. economy and the international context.

Acceptance of technology for consumers is still an interesting part to be investigated to date. Although the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely referred by researchers from various sciences, there are still weaknesses that can be investigated, including not fully answering the problems related to cognitive and affective factors in understanding consumer behavior. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an integrated model to determine the intention of consumers to use technology. The object used is the go-pay application as e-Wallet-based Electronic Money which is one of the relatively new technology products as an alternative means of payment or transaction and is part of the National Non-Cash Movement by the government of the Republic of Indonesia. Modeling in this study, integrating the TAM model by involving affective factors namely Pleasure, Arousal, and Dominance (PAD) theory, and prior experience variables as a direct effect on perceived usefulness and attitude toward usage, then its effect on adoption intention. The sample in this study is millennial age people who have known go-pay in areas of East Java with a total sample of 270 respondents. Collecting data through questionnaires using a Likert scale with analysis techniques using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Easy of Use, Pleasure, and Arousal have a positive effect on attitude and intention to use go-pay, while Prior Experience supports perceived usefulness, but does not support attitude, neither does Dominance support the attitude of using gopay.

The development of the television industry in Indonesia began in 1962; Intensity of competition in this industry began in 2000 and 2001, with the emergence of several private television stations that have special characteristics. Furthermore, emerging new television station broadcasting from the TransTV, Lativi, Trans7, GlobalTV and Metro. In 2013 and 2014 appeared new television station like Bloomberg, CNN Indonesia, which uses the brand which has been established and has a reputation in the field. This study could broaden the understanding of the meaning of an organization's reputation and gain whatever can be produced from a good reputation. The research was conducted at the organization Trans Media. The first phase of the study was to conduct inductive theory building. Target sample in this study was the informant who has sufficient competence and capabilities related to the issues. The main data sourced from the implementation of semi-structured interviews with two types of informants: managers who have responsibility for managing programs of TV shows, and the board of directors or commissioners who will provide direction for the management of the overall TV. The result of the research lead to the conclusion that the Trans Formation based on the concept of national metropolitan television. To maintain its reputation, Trans consistently presenting quality broadcasts in accordance with their values, namely anti-mainstream, educate, and inspire. The establishment of the organization's reputation in the form of a proposition in the form of a model with three components, namely Trans formers reputation, strategy, reputation formation and passage of reputation.

Budgeting for a state or a country seems to be the most important part to handle administration and government policy in term of socio economic reason. In practice, a lot of government tends to subscribe a balance budget whereby it is striving to balance between revenues and expenditures accurately. Unfortunately, this balancing post uses a debt and foreign aid charged by interest to cover any shortage in revenues. In the real context, the budget deficit management based on debt is still controversial and considered inappropriate with developing country conditions which their economies are unstable and fluctuated. Unfortunately, many countries in the world including Muslim-populated countries subscribe budget deficit system whereby the sources of its fund are backed up by debt. The focus of this paper is to analyze two main sensitive issues of the Indonesian economy in the light of Maqasid Al Shariah. This study employs a method of literature review and combined with data analysis. Actually, Islam has a very rich literature legacy in administrating public sector economy and it becomes important theory and framework as a stance or point of view to analyze the prevailing system. The high interest rate payment is the main issue of public sector expenditure. Indonesian government seems no choices to resolve its public sector economy and relies too much on debt management. For social welfare expenditure there has been a misallocation in emphasizing budget expenditure whereby oil and petroleum subsidy consume almost majority of the total welfare expenditure in Indonesian public sector economy

This research focuses on the relation of elite H. Andiwarto with sub-elite and village community in maintaining Masra family dynasty for village head position. Masra family dynasty has run for a long time. For 150 years, Masra family descendants occupy the village head position. The survival of Masra family dynasty in the Gapurana Village Government is studied in the relation of H. Andiwarto, who is Masra descendant with sub-elite and village community to maintain Masra family descendant dynasty as a village head. This research used a qualitative method with descriptive research type. The elite theory proposed by Suzanne Keller was used to analyze the relation of elite, sub-elite, and the community. This theory has 4 (four) indicators: the governing elite, the ruling elite, the not ruling elite, and the community. Based on these indicators and the results of this research, the relation built by H. Andiwarto in maintaining Masra family dynasti consists of three relations: relation with the political elite, relation with economic elite, and relation with the social elite. The political elite's relationship is vital in maintaining the Masra family descendant dynasty. In contrast, the relation between the economic elite and the social elite supports relations for keeping the legitimacy of the village community towards Masra descendants. ; Penelitian ini berfokus pada relasi elite H. Andiwarto dengan sub-elite dan masyarakat desa dalam mempertahankan dinasti keluarga Masra untuk jabatan kepala desa. Dinasti keluarga Masra sudah berjalan sejak lama. Selama 150 tahun, keturunan keluarga Masra menduduki posisi kepala desa. Kelangsungan hidup dinasti keluarga Masra dalam Pemerintahan Desa Gapurana dikaji dalam relasi H. Andiwarto yang merupakan keturunan Masra dengan sub-elite dan masyarakat desa untuk mempertahankan dinasti keturunan keluarga Masra sebagai kepala desa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Teori elite yang dikemukakan oleh Suzanne Keller digunakan untuk menganalisis relasi elite, sub-elite, dan masyarakat. Teori ini memiliki 4 (empat) indikator yaitu elite yang memerintah, elite yang berkuasa, elite yang tidak berkuasa, dan masyarakat. Berdasarkan indikator tersebut dan hasil penelitian, maka relasi yang dibangun oleh H. Andiwarto dalam mempertahankan dinasti keluarga Masra terdiri dari tiga relasi yaitu relasi dengan elite politik, relasi dengan elite ekonomi, dan relasi dengan elite sosial. Relasi elite politik merupakan relasi yang paling vital dalam mempertahankan dinasti keturunan keluarga Masra. Sebaliknya, relasi elite ekonomi dan elite sosial mendukung relasi untuk menjaga legitimasi masyarakat desa terhadap keturunan Masra.

E-Government merupakan upaya mengembangkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan berbasis elektronik meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik secara efektif dan efisien, sesuai Inpres No. 3 Tahun 2003 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Pengembangan e-Government. Perkembangan teknologi mempengaruhi pengelolaan administrasi perpajakan baik keperluan pemerintah maupun wajib pajak dari manual ke sistem online, sehingga menghemat waktu, proses kerja, dan kertas. Dengan diterapkan pajak online sehingga tercipta good governance. Rumusan masalah, yaitu : 1) Bagaimanakah implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung? 2) Apakah faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung? Teori yang digunakan adalah teori implementasi kebijakan publik model Merilee S. Grindle dan Teori implementasi kebijakan publik model George C. Edwards III. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan obvservasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis data deskriptif kualitatif, meliputi : reduksi data, display data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil temuan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa : 1) Implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung sudah terimplementasi dengan diterapkannya sistem online pajak daerah melalui e-SPTPD. 2) Faktor-faktor pendukung implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung meliputi : komitmen Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung dalam pelayanan publik melalui e-Government, resources (sumber daya), sosialisasi, jaringan internet, dan kesadaran Wajib Pajak. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambat implementasi e-Government dalam proses pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Badung meliputi : pengetahuan dan kesadaran wajib pajak serta pandemi Covid-19. ; E-Government is an effort to develop electronic-based governance to improve the quality of public services effectively and efficiently, in accordance with Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 concerning e-Government Development Policies and Strategies. Technological developments affect the management of tax administration both for government and taxpayer needs from manual to online systems, thereby saving time, work processes, and paper. By applying online taxes so that good governance is created. The formulation of the problem, namely: 1) How is the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government? 2) What are the supporting factors and obstacles to the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government? The theory used is the theory of public policy implementation model of Merilee S. Grindle and the theory of public policy implementation model of George C. Edwards III. The research approach used a qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique is descriptive qualitative data analysis, including: data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the research findings concluded that: 1) The implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Local Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government has been implemented by implementing an online local tax system through e-SPTPD. 2) The supporting factors for the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting the Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government include: the commitment of the Badung Regency Government in public services through e-Government, resources (resources), socialization, internet networks, and taxpayer awareness . While the factors inhibiting the implementation of e-Government in the process of reporting Regional Tax Returns to the Badung Regency Government include: knowledge and awareness of taxpayers and the Covid-19 pandemic.

APBD is a plan for the implementation of all Regional Revenues and all Regional Expenditures in the framework of the implementation of Decentralization within a given fiscal year. Collection of all Regional revenues aims to meet the targets set in the APBD. Likewise, all regional expenditures and bonds that burden the regions in the context of the implementation of decentralization are carried out in accordance with the amounts and targets set in the APBD. Because the APBD is the basis for regional financial management, the APBD also forms the basis for regional financial control, inspection and supervision activities Basically, the performance budget is a system for preparing and managing regional budgets which are oriented towards achieving results or performance. The performance must reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, which means it must be oriented to the public interest. This has become the need of regional communities to carry out broad, real and responsible autonomy and regional autonomy must be understood as the right or authority of local communities to manage and manage their own affairs. The aspect or role of the regional government is no longer a mere tool of the interests of the central government but rather a tool to fight for regional aspirations and interests. The method used, the process of collecting data moves from the empirical field in an effort to build theory from the data, the purpose of this study is to find out, understand and analyze how the Reporting and Presentation of 2016-2017 Urban Budget Special Realization (AKK) in Adiarsa Barat District, Karawang Barat District Karawang and analyze how the financial analysis of 2016-2017 Urban Budget Special Realization (AKK) in Adiarsa Barat Village Karawang Barat District Karawang District. By paying attention to these objectives, the research method used is a Quantitative Description Adiarsa Barat Kelurahan shopping performance from T 2016 to T.A 2017 showed good performance. Based on the analysis of the results of the 2016/2017 T.A shopping growth shows there is a growth in spending. Expenditures which most affected the increase in growth in total expenditure were capital and operational expenditure ; APBD is a plan for the implementation of all Regional Revenues and all Regional Expenditures in the framework of the implementation of Decentralization within a given fiscal year. Collection of all Regional revenues aims to meet the targets set in the APBD. Likewise, all regional expenditures and bonds that burden the regions in the context of the implementation of decentralization are carried out in accordance with the amounts and targets set in the APBD. Because the APBD is the basis for regional financial management, the APBD also forms the basis for regional financial control, inspection and supervision activities Basically, the performance budget is a system for preparing and managing regional budgets which are oriented towards achieving results or performance. The performance must reflect the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, which means it must be oriented to the public interest. This has become the need of regional communities to carry out broad, real and responsible autonomy and regional autonomy must be understood as the right or authority of local communities to manage and manage their own affairs. The aspect or role of the regional government is no longer a mere tool of the interests of the central government but rather a tool to fight for regional aspirations and interests. The method used, the process of collecting data moves from the empirical field in an effort to build theory from the data, the purpose of this study is to find out, understand and analyze how the Reporting and Presentation of 2016-2017 Urban Budget Special Realization (AKK) in Adiarsa Barat District, Karawang Barat District Karawang and analyze how the financial analysis of 2016-2017 Urban Budget Special Realization (AKK) in Adiarsa Barat Village Karawang Barat District Karawang District. By paying attention to these objectives, the research method used is a Quantitative Description Adiarsa Barat Kelurahan shopping performance from T 2016 to T.A 2017 showed good performance. Based on the analysis of the results of the 2016/2017 T.A shopping growth shows there is a growth in spending. Expenditures which most affected the increase in growth in total expenditure were capital and operational expenditure

The research about the women parliament candidacy based on problems, theory, methodology and researchanalysis being utilized by the researcher aims at 1) unveiling affirmative action policy in accordance to the2003 Public Election regulation (UU) and the 2008 political party regulation that are suitable policy along withefforts to enhance women representativeness in parliament within regional autonomy framework; 2) elaboratingpolitical party supports towards quota fulfillment process of 30 percent in line with the 2009 public electionregulation; 3) describing and criticizing mass media roles in the process of the political communication of womencandidates of DKI Jakarta Province in 2009; 4) discovering and exploring quality of the political communicationof women candidates of DKI Jakarta Province 2009; 5) highlighting women efforts and struggles regarding theregulation of political quota and regional autonomy are so-called 'counter hegemony' movement. Paradigmused in the research is critical paradigm with Gramcsian analysis model. Theory and concept of this research areAntonio Gramcsi's thoughts; hegemony-counter hegemony, political network alliance, political communication,radical feminism, mass media in the New Marxist perspective (Gramcsian) and regional autonomy concept.The research uses qualitative approach with case study method and feminist research as well as equipped bymethod of the Gramcsian-Marxist analysis. Results and discussion of the research argue that women have beenundergoing marginalization both culturally and structurally in the political realm resulting in injustice of theirrepresentativeness in parliament. The notion becomes rooted in the social structure and system and has been goingas a cultural system which is patriarchy system. The women altogether have to establish and belong to a solidnetwork alliance to give pressure towards the government; those are in power and the state in order to transformconditions of women representativeness in parliament. They are therefore expected to have bargaining positionthat is balanced or even stronger with the state. The position is needed by women in that they can compete withmen and create broader opportunity by which they achieve it by the release of the 2009 political party regulationand the running of the regional autonomy regulation. In the Gramcsi's concept, the equality of bargaining positionbetween women movement, represented as civil society and the state represented as political community highlylikely produce conceptual/intellectual and practical clashes to establish new hegemony whose consequence isto prosper woman community and broader civil society as well as political community. In this phase, Gramcsinames it as 'counter hegemony' movement in which women can present themselves and bear new hegemony afterwinning the conceptual war against the old hegemony. The women's struggles to run candidacy of The 2009 DKIregional election took a form of 'counter hegemony'. The effort was undertaken so that the women can owe highbargaining position in politics that is influenced by the other power namely mass media. The need to supports ofmedia industry is inevitable. Media industry, as institution having capital ideology, might highly possible be usedby women movement/ the civil. In addition, women can take benefits from media to assist struggles of 'counterhegemony'. As a consequence, the women's struggles of counter hegemony are complicated to do due to partialand incomprehensive efforts. The women political candidates of DKI Jakarta possess resistant movement spirit orfighting movement to transform cultural values of patriarchy especially in politics. In this notion, it is evident thatemancipation ideology is not effective to strengthen the movement unless it is as communal vision and missionfrom elements of struggles that can produce women great energy to achieve their goals. The energy is no other than'collective will' considered as fighting ideology which is necessary therein fighting ideas of women have constantand significant energy.Keywords : regional autonomy, political communication, Gramcsian Analysis, women parliament candidacydkijakarta 2009)

This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islamyang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin