Suchergebnisse

Projets multi-acteurs et politiques publiques : un moyen de développer les systèmes à bas intrants et l'agriculture biologique ? Dans un contexte où l'agriculture et notamment le système de protection des cultures actuel sont fortement critiqués, diverses politiques en faveur de changements de pratiques agricoles ont été mises en oeuvre, mais leur efficacité reste souvent limitée. D'autres formes d'incitations semblent se développer, qui méritent d'être étudiées. Le développement de la multifonctionnalité de l'agriculture et sa périurbanisation conduisent ainsi des acteurs divers (résidents, associations environnementales, collectivités territoriales) à s'intéresser aux questions agricoles et interagir avec des agriculteurs notamment sur les questions de réductions d'utilisation des intrants de synthèse. Notre travail s'intéressera à ces interactions entre agriculteurs et acteurs non agricoles pour tenter de comprendre si elles peuvent influencer les processus de transition vers des systèmes bas intrants et vers l'agriculture biologique. L'objectif de cette étude est de démontrer le rôle des projets territoriaux multi-acteurs émanant de la société civile dans l'adoption de pratiques agricoles plus respectueuses de l'environnement. Selon nos premiers résultats, il semble que seule une forte articulation avec l'action publique permet à la mobilisation collective d'acteurs de la société civile d'avoir des effets tangibles sur l'écologisation des pratiques agricoles ; Multi-actor projects and participative policies: a way of developing sustainable and organic farming? In a context where agriculture and crop protection systems are strongly criticized, public policies are implemented in order to favor changes of farming practices, but their efficiency is yet limited. However, other forms of incitation are developed and little is known about these. With the development of multifunctional agriculture and an increasing urbanization, several actors, such as residents as well as environmental organizations and local administrations get interested in agricultural issues and interact with farmers. Our work is focused on these interactions between farmers and other actors to understand if and how they can influence the conception of farmers' work and the transition toward a more sustainable agriculture. The overall aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of multi-actor and territorial grassroots movements to encourage the adoption of sustainable agriculture. According to our first results, it seems that mobilization of various stakeholders in addition to public support might be the successful combination in favor of transition processes towards more ecological farming practices

Cet article présente une synthèse sur les soutiens publics accordés à l'agriculture européenne et française. A l'échelle internationale, les indicateurs construits par l'OCDE indiquent que l'Union européenne (UE) est une zone qui protège plus son agriculture que de nombreuses autres zones exportatrices (Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Etats-Unis). Cependant, et du fait des réformes successives de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), les dépenses budgétaires totales pour l'agriculture sont, rapportées au Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB), en diminution. Les aides directes allouées aux agriculteurs ont, quant à elles, fortement progressé et jouent désormais un rôle déterminant dans le revenu de très nombreuses exploitations agricoles. Avec l'instauration du découplage, le débat relatif à légitimité des soutiens à l'agriculture se tient dans un contexte nouveau. ; This article presents an analysis on the public supports granted to European and French agriculture. At the international level, the indicators built by OECD indicate that the European Union (EU) is a zone which protects more its agriculture that many other exporting zones (Australia, New Zealand, the United States). However, and because of the successive reforms of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), the budgetary expenditure for agriculture, is reported to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in reduction. The direct subsidies, which strongly progressed, play from now a determining part in the income of many farms. With the introduction of the decoupling, the debate relating to legitimacy of the supports is held in a new context.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of agricultural policy and public agricultural expenditure (PAE) in China. China shifted away from taxing agriculture to supporting agriculture in the mid-2000s, but the sector faces mounting demographic, biophysical, and trade challenges. PAE in China is outpacing that of other developing economies in Asia, but its composition does not align perfectly with the development challenges and priorities the sector faces. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; D.2 Public Investment priorities and Impacts; CRP2 ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Increased agricultural mechanization in the recent past and susceptibility of certain soils to degradation generate widespread concern among experts on the overall environmental sustainability of some of the current agricultural practices in Europe. A number of solutions could be adopted to better preserve soil resources, some of which are already supported by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Researchers demonstrated that erosion and reduction in soil organic matter are among the most acute degradation issues in Europe and that the release of crop residues on the soil surface after harvesting can greatly reduce their incidence. The use of a permanent soil cover (e.g. by use of crop residues) is one of the three fundamental principles of Conservation Agriculture. Quantifying the amount of crop residues on the ground is important for soil and water protection, modelling of erosion processes and legislation enforcement purposes. However, common monitoring methods based on ground sampling are expensive and likely to be impracticable on vast surfaces. Remote sensing can offer a valid alternative for monitoring. The present research intends to contribute to the efforts towards the establishments of methods for the assessment and monitoring, through remote sensing, of the effects of conservation agriculture practices on the environment, with focus on soil resources. In this respect, the research specific objective is the evaluation of a remote sensing based method for the quantification of crop residue cover in a conservation agriculture farm in Northern Italy by use of hyperspectral satellite imagery. Results achieved show that not only crop residues percent cover is linearly related to certain remote sensing-based indices, therefore making possible to estimate how well soil is preserved from weathering, but also that spaceborne hyperspectral sensors such as Hyperion appear to have great potentiality towards monitoring of other environmental targets due to their very high spectral and spatial resolution. The research was deeply inspired by the outcomes of a European project ("Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation through simplified cultivation techniques" - SoCo) aimed at improving protection of soil resources in the European agriculture sector through a stock taking and promotion of soil-friendly agriculture practices and systems, in particular simplified cultivation techniques, within the current legislative framework.

This paper focusses on agricultural development. Experience has shown that in many cases agriculture holds the key to long-term economic development. Peasant production is the mainstay of Mozambique's economy, with over 80 percent of the population making their living in agriculture. In this context, the transformation of the rural economy is fundamental to improving both growth and equity

This article reveals the problems of differentiation of state and local government authorities in the field of agriculture, the problems of legal regulation of local government activities to promote and create conditions for the development of agricultural production, analyzes the experience of various municipalities in the development and implementation of municipal programs for the development of agriculture on a separate territory.

Enthält: Risk, credit constraints and financial efficiency in Peruvian agriculture / Diana Fletschner, Catherine Guirkinger and Steve Boucher. - S. 981-1002 The balance of power in rural marketing networks : a case study of snake trading in Cambodia / Sharon E. Brooks ... - S. 1003-1025 Understanding the evolution of rice technology in China : from traditional agriculture to GM rice today / Xiaobai Shen. - S. 1026-1045

"S. 1808, a bill to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to extend the Child Labor Provisions thereof to certain children employed in agriculture, and for other purposes" ; "S. 8, a bill to amend the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, so as to make its provisions applicable to the agriculture industry" ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Supersedes Agriculture handbook no. 49, Compilation of Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, Federal Crop Insurance Act, Sugar Act of 1948, Agricultural Act of 1949, related appropriation items, and miscellaneous laws, including amendments as of January 1, 1953. ; "Superseded by Agriculture handbook no. 113, slight variation in title." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Original issued in series: Agricultural department circular / British Columbia. Live Stock Branch ; no. 14. ; Caption title. ; At head of title: Province of British Columbia. Department of Agriculture (Live Stock Branch) ; "Selected List of Bulletins and Circulars Issued by the Department of Agriculture, Victoria, B.C.": p. 3. ; "Printed by Authority of the Legislative Assembly." ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Statement of responsibility from caption. ; Original issued in series: Bulletin / British Columbia. Live Stock Branch ; no. 40. ; Cover title. ; At head of title: Province of British Columbia. Department of Agriculture (Live-stock Branch) ; "Printed by Authority of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia." ; "Bulletins issued by the Department of Agriculture": p. 11. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

Original issued in series: Bulletin / British Columbia. Horticultural Branch ; no. 34. ; Cover title. ; At head of title: Province of British Columbia. Department of Agriculture (Horticultural Branch) ; "Printed by Authority of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia." ; "Bulletins issued by the Department of Agriculture": p. 15. ; ". compiled by J.F. Carpenter ."--p. [2] ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

This book chronicles how since the Neolithic era of the Stone Age, agricultural tools evolved from pointed digging sticks to electron microscopes. Weeds evolved into wheat, carrots, and more as humans selected and designed foods. People farmed sustainably since the last Ice Age with fire and fish traps, and more recently, agriculture has evolved to produce more for a growing worldwide population. Learning about problems from the past and the future that agricultural technology is meant to solve will help readers understand how applying critical thinking can change the world

Satoyama is a Japanese term for landscapes that comprise a mosaic of different ecosystems which include forests, agricultural lands, grassland irrigation ponds and human settlements aimed at promoting viable human nature interaction. The Japanese government is seeking to revitalize it locally and promote it internationally, receiving accreditation as UNESCO Satoyama Initiatives. Here we explore the dynamics of this system and how it can be used as a model for any intended agricultural development in indigenous communities globally. In this paper we strongly address sustainable agriculture development which takes into consideration the local culture and traditions which exists.

This is part of a series of correspondence between Abe Katz, as President of the Suffolk County Dairymen's Association, and Senator Arthur Capper, Chair of the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Katz had contacted Capper regarding plans to put an animal disease research laboratory on Eastern Long Island, which Katz felt was a risk to the dairy industry. This laboratory would become the research facility on Plum Island (N.Y.). In this letter, Capper writes Katz indicating the vote has already happened and the laboratory will be put on an island off the coast of Long Island.