Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Agroecology aims to promote sustainable food systems, respectful of people and the environment. These systems involve agricultural production methods and sectors which value the ecological, economic and social potential of a territory. Their development relies on transdisciplinary approaches which bring together professionals from the agricultural world, scientists, actors of agroecology and public policy social movements. ; L'agroécologie vise à promouvoir des systèmes alimentaires viables respectueux des hommes et de leur environnement. Ces systèmes engagent des modes de productions agricoles et des filières valorisant les potentialités écologiques, économiques et sociales d'un territoire. Leur développement s'appuie sur des approches transdisciplinaires réunissant professionnels du monde agricole, scientifiques, acteurs des mouvements sociaux de l'agroécologie et des politiques publiques.

National audience ; Agroecology aims to promote sustainable food systems, respectful of people and the environment. These systems involve agricultural production methods and sectors which value the ecological, economic and social potential of a territory. Their development relies on transdisciplinary approaches which bring together professionals from the agricultural world, scientists, actors of agroecology and public policy social movements. ; L'agroécologie vise à promouvoir des systèmes alimentaires viables respectueux des hommes et de leur environnement. Ces systèmes engagent des modes de productions agricoles et des filières valorisant les potentialités écologiques, économiques et sociales d'un territoire. Leur développement s'appuie sur des approches transdisciplinaires réunissant professionnels du monde agricole, scientifiques, acteurs des mouvements sociaux de l'agroécologie et des politiques publiques.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- New Dimensions in Agroecology for Developing a Biological Approach to Crop Production -- Education in Agroecology and Integrated Systems -- Redesigning Industrial Agroecosystems: Incorporating More Ecological Processes and Reducing Pollution -- Integrating Agroecological Processes into Cropping Systems Research -- An Agroecological Basis for Designing Diversified Cropping Systems in the Tropics -- Soil Ecosystem Changes During the Transition to No-Till Cropping -- The Ecology of Crop-Weed Interactions: Towards a More Complete Model of Weed Communities in Agroecosystems -- Research and Extension Supporting Ecologically Based IPM Systems -- Effects of Key Soil Organisms on Nutrient Dynamics in Temperate Agroecsosystems -- Nutrient Dynamics: Utilizing Biotic-Abiotic Interactions for Improved Management of Agricultural Soils -- Microbial and Genetic Diversity in Soil Environments -- Impact of Global Change on Biological Processes in Soil: Implications for Agroecosystem Management -- The Importance of Biodiversity in Agroecosystems -- Biophysical and Ecological Interactions in a Temperate Tree-Based Intercropping System -- Agricultural Landscapes: Field Margin Habitats and Their Interaction with Crop Production -- Benefits of Re-Integrating Livestock and Forages in Crop Production Systems -- Nitrogen Efficiency in Mixed Farming Systems -- Ecological Context for Examining the Effects of Transgenic Crops in Production Systems -- Redesigning Pest Management: A Social Ecology Approach -- Research Priorities in Natural Systems Agriculture -- Index.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- About the Authors -- 1. Concept of Crop Ecology -- 2. Historical Developments -- 3. Levels in Ecological Organization -- 4. Crop Ecology -- 5. Plants Distribution and Adaptations -- 6. Agro-Climatic Zones of India -- 7. Ecosystem -- 8. Bio-Geochemical Cycles -- 9. Ecological Succession -- 10. Competition in Crop Plants -- 11. Environmental Pollution -- 12. Ecological Factors Affecting Crop Production -- 13. Ecology of Cropping System -- 14. Response of Crops To Light, Temperature and Co2 on Growth and Development -- 15. Ecological Basis for Environmental Management -- 16. Environmental Manipulation Through Agronomic Measures -- 17. Improvement of Unproductive Lands Through Crop Selection and Management -- 18. Effect of Climate Change on Crop Production -- 19. Exploitation of Solar Energy in Agriculture -- References.

Intro -- Preface -- Aggregating -- Universality -- Agroecology Explained -- Economic Goals -- Agroecology Expanded -- Theory -- Vocabulary -- Rules/Guidelines -- Scope -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Definitions -- Comparisons -- Agriculture and Agroecology -- Ecology and Agroecology -- Early Agroecology -- The Old (Reigning) Paradigm -- Mono-Cropping -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- Weather -- Water -- Environmental Issues -- Genetic Modification -- Consumptive -- Economic Forces -- Logical Progression -- Super Plants -- Factory Farming -- The New Paradigm -- References -- Chapter 2: Agroecosystem Design -- Topic Prerequisites -- The Agroecosystem Defined -- Simple Agroecosystems -- Essential Resources -- Base Analysis -- Sigmoidal Functions -- The Core Elements -- Species -- Complementarity -- Competition -- Facilitation -- Spacings -- Density -- Planting Ratios -- Spatial Patterns -- Timing -- Sequencing (Rotations) -- Evaluation -- Economic Measures -- Relative Value Total -- Cost Equivalent Ratio -- Economic Orientation -- Revenue Orientation -- Cost Orientation -- Overview -- Profitability -- Other Objectives -- References -- Chapter 3: The Agroecological Matrix -- Agroecology Redefined -- Cropping Threats -- Soil Fertility -- Rainfall (Too High or Too Low) -- Insects -- Status Maintenance -- Outbreaks -- Weeds -- Pathogens -- Pollination -- Temperature (Again, the Extremes) -- Wind -- Small Animals (Birds, Mice, etc.) -- Large Animals (Deer, Elephants, etc.) -- Threat Counters (Eco-Services) -- Single-Purpose Counters -- Multipurpose Counters -- The Counters Listed -- The Counters Described -- Productive/Facilitative Biodiversity -- Genetic/Varietal -- Rotations -- Fallows -- Fire -- Landscape -- Location -- Land Modifications -- Farm Practice -- Bio-Structures -- Ex-Plot Inputs -- Environmental Setting.

"Our global food system is largely based on unsustainable industrial agricultural practices, is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, is controlled by a handful of large corporations and produces unhealthy food. Agroecology is a solution to these increasingly urgent problems. After decades of being dismissed by mainstream institutions and defended in obscurity by grassroots movements and farmers, agroecology is suddenly in fashion. The UN Food and and Agriculture Organization, government ministries and even corporations are jumping on the bandwagon. But, are they pushing the same agroecology as developed by pioneering farmers and scientists and pushed for by peasant social movements, or are they seeking to co-opt the concept and give it different content? Rosset and Altieri, two of the world's leading agroecologists, outline the principles, history and currents of agroecological thought, the scientific evidence for agroecology, the social aspects of bringing agroecology to scale and the contemporary politics of agroecology."--

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry addresses the structure of local government in Argentina. The entry forms part of the LoGov Report on Argentina. To access the full version of the report on Argentina, other practices regarding the structure of local government and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.

We propose that agroecology provides a framework for understanding 'levels' for the transition to sustainable food systems. If we agree that agroecology includes social and political dimensions of governing territorial food systems, then it must be linked to movements for food sovereignty. However, the concentration of power in food and farming systems locks in industrial logic, posing immense barriers to agroecological and social transition. This creates a tension between efforts at convergence of food system innovations from below, versus co-optation of grass-roots language and practices by private and public actors who are committed not to changing the logic of industrial agriculture, but instead to reducing its harm. We suggest agroecological and food sovereignty movements consciously embrace this tension as a dance of creativity and appropriation. If this dance can be made generative rather than deadly, it can open pathways for transition to new ways of seeing, experiencing, and getting food. ; International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (iPES Food)

In recent years, a growing number of actors and institutions, in different countries, have begun using the notion of Agroecology, which has led to an expansion of its polysemy and its controversies. Taking this into account, this paper analyzes, based on the Brazilian and French experiences, the peculiarities of Agroecology in four different fields: science, social movements, government policies, and education. It also discusses three other issues: the analytical, programmatic and normative discourses; the different definitions, in the fields of science and education, of the object of study of Agroecology; and the different formulations regarding its fundamental principles. It is argued that, in this new context, recognition of this pluralism and the controversies acquires a central role in the construction of knowledge in the various fields linked to Agroecology. ; En los últimos años, un creciente número de actores e instituciones, en diferentes países, empezó a utilizar la noción de Agroecología, en un proceso que llevó a una expansión de su polisemia y de sus controversias. Este trabajo analiza, en base a las experiencias de Brasil y Francia, las peculiaridades de la Agroecología en cuatro diferentes campos : ciencia, movimientos sociales, políticas del gobierno y educación. También se hace una discusión de otros tres aspectos: la formulación de discursos analíticos, programáticos y normativos; las diferentes concepciones, en los campos de la ciencia y de la educación, sur el objeto de estudio de la Agroecología; las diferentes formulaciones acerca de sus principios fundamentales. Argumentase que, en este nuevo contexto, el reconocimiento del pluralismo y de las controversias adquiere una importancia central para la construcción del conocimiento en los diferentes campos vinculados a la noción de Agroecología. ; Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de atores e instituições, em diferentes países, passou a utilizar a noção de Agroecologia, em um processo que levou a uma ampliação de sua polissemia e de suas controvérsias. Este texto analisa, com base nas experiências brasileira e francesa, as peculiaridades da Agroecologia em quatro diferentes campos: ciência, movimentos sociais, políticas governamentais e educação. Discute-se também outros três aspectos: a formulação de discursos analíticos, programáticos e normativos; o delineamento, nos campos da ciência e da educação, de diferentes vertentes sobre o objeto de estudo da Agroecologia; e as diferentes formulações sobre seus princípios fundamentais. Argumentase que, neste novo contexto, o reconhecimento do pluralismo e das controvérsias passa a ter uma importância central para a construção do conhecimento nos diferentes campos vinculados à Agroecologia.