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Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE -- THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE -- RATIONALE FOR PERFORMING EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS -- FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING EXPOSURES TO AIR CONTAMINANTS -- SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS -- Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- Sampling Techniques and Strategy -- Instrumental Techniques -- USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS -- SURVEY RESEARCH METHODS AND EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- MODELS USED IN ASSESSING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS -- Concentration Models -- Exposure Models -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- 1 Principles of Exposure Assessment -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology -- Exposure Assessment in Occupational Epidemiology and Risk Management -- Conceptual Framework for Human Exposure Assessment -- Types of Studies -- Community Studies -- Epidemiological Studies -- Industrial Hygiene Studies -- Clinical Case Studies -- Engineering Studies -- Animal Studies -- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies -- Behavioral Studies -- SUMMARY -- 2 Framework for Assessing Exposures to Air Contaminants -- INTRODUCTION -- MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS -- MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- Direct Measures of Exposure -- Personal Monitoring -- Biological Markers -- Indirect Measures of Exposure -- Microenvironmental Measurements -- Questionnaires -- Models -- Mitigation Measures -- INTEGRATION OF EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES -- SUMMARY -- 3 Sampling and Physical-Chemical Measurements -- INTRODUCTION -- QUALITY ASSURANCE -- ERRORS -- Site-Selection Errors -- Collection Errors -- Analytical Errors -- Data-Handling Errors -- AIRBORNE ANALYTES.

Comparative Dosimetry of Radon in Mines and Homes -- Copyright -- Preface -- CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE -- ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- Summary and Recommendations -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS -- REFERENCES -- 1 Introduction -- CONCENTRATION, EXPOSURE, AND DOSE -- RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INDOOR RADON -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Assessment of Exposure to the Decay Products of 222Rn in Mines and Homes -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- MEASUREMENT METHODS -- EXPOSURE TO RADON PROGENY -- Mine Atmospheres -- Indoor Atmospheres -- REFERENCES -- 3 Extrapolation of Doses and Risk per Unit Exposure from Mines to Homes -- INTRODUCTION -- REPRESENTATIVE EXPOSURE CONDITIONS -- Radon Progeny Aerosols -- BREATHING RATES AND CALCULATION OF DOSE PER UNIT EXPOSURE -- COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON PROGENY IN MINES AND HOMES -- Target Cells in Bronchial Epithelium -- LOCALIZED VERSUS REGIONAL DOSES -- INFLUENCE OF MODELING UNCERTAINTIES -- DOSES TO ADULT FEMALES -- DOSES TO CHILDREN AND INFANTS -- VARIABILITY OF THE DOSE CONVERSION COEFFICIENT IN HOMES -- EFFECTS OF AIRWAY DISEASE ON DOSE -- COMPARATIVE DOSES FROM RADON AND THORON PROGENY -- SUMMARY OF DOSIMETRIC RISK EXTRAPOLATION FACTORS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Other Considerations -- BIOLOGICAL FACTORS -- GENDER -- AGE, GROWTH, AND INJURY IN RELATION TO CELL PROLIFERATION -- AGE -- CELL PROLIFERATION -- DOSE RATE, FRACTIONATION, AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE -- TISSUE DAMAGE -- CIGARETTE SMOKING -- REFERENCES -- 5 Dosimetry and Dosimetric Models for Inhaled Radon and Progeny -- SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RADON AND RADON PROGENY -- MORPHOMETRIC MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT -- HEAD AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY -- TRACHEOBRONCHIAL AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY -- RESPIRATORY AIRWAY MORPHOMETRY -- DEPOSITION MODELS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Exploring the Complexity of Health Risk -- 3 Building the Framework for Evaluating Health Hazard -- 4 Implications of BAULA for Detector Test and Evaluation -- 5 Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Appendix A: Evaluating Detector Signals -- Appendix B: Statement of Task -- Appendix C: Committee Member Biographies -- Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations.

Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Public Summary -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Baseline Information on Indoor Radon and Radon in Water in the United States -- 3 Transfer of Radon from Water to Indoor Air -- 4 Dosimetry of Ingested Radon and its Associated Risk -- 5 Dosimetry of Inhaled Radon and its Associated Risk -- 6 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Radon-Induced Carcinogenesis -- 7 Defining Key Variabilities and Uncertainties -- 8 Mitigation -- 9 Multimedia Approach to Risk Reduction -- 10 Research Recommendations -- References -- Glossary -- A Behavior of Radon and its Decay Product in the Body -- B A Model for Diffusion of Radon Through the Stomach Wall -- C Water-Mitigation Techniques -- D Risks Associated with Disinfection By-products Formed by Water Chlorination Related to Trihalomethanes (THMs) -- E Gamma Radiation Dose From Granular-Activated Carbon (GAC) Water Treatment Units -- F EPA Approach to Analyzing Uncertainty and Variability -- Index.