Latin Amerika çalıştayı: 22-23 Kasım 2012, Ankara : bildiriler kitabı
In: Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları no. 380
In: Latin Amerika Çalışmaları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları 005
In: Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları no. 380
In: Latin Amerika Çalışmaları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayınları 005
International audience ; There is a common Latin American identity e, in spite of the heterogeneity of the region. Lately, the notion of a border separating Latin America from the rest of the continent has become a prevalent topic in the news. However, there are also more subtle borders, invisible borders engraved directly onto the territory – by violence, by the trajectories of migrants, by political changes. The territory then becomes a changing body, which artists can choose to present in its beauty or in its suffering. The arbitrary fragmentation is mapped out by contemporary cartographies, and produces a territory which today twists and writhes to reposition itself. Contemporary artists of Latin America reflect on these issues, and more specifically Colombianartists. ; Il existe une identité commune latino-américaine, unifiée malgré son hétérogénéité. L'idée de frontière entre l'Amérique latine et le reste du continent est un sujet d'actualité aujourd'hui. Cependant il existe également des frontières plus subtiles, invisibles, gravées sur le territoire même, par la violence, par les flux migratoires, par les changements politiques. Le territoire devient un corps en mutation, pouvant être embelli ou encore montré dans sa souffrance. Cette fragmentation arbitraire et cloisonnée, dessinée sur les cartographies contemporaines, forme un territoire qui, aujourd'hui, se contorsionne pour se repositionner. Les artistes contemporains d'Amérique latine se questionnent sur ces sujets et plus concrètement lesartistes colombiens, en raison du contexte actuel que vit le pays.
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International audience ; There is a common Latin American identity e, in spite of the heterogeneity of the region. Lately, the notion of a border separating Latin America from the rest of the continent has become a prevalent topic in the news. However, there are also more subtle borders, invisible borders engraved directly onto the territory – by violence, by the trajectories of migrants, by political changes. The territory then becomes a changing body, which artists can choose to present in its beauty or in its suffering. The arbitrary fragmentation is mapped out by contemporary cartographies, and produces a territory which today twists and writhes to reposition itself. Contemporary artists of Latin America reflect on these issues, and more specifically Colombianartists. ; Il existe une identité commune latino-américaine, unifiée malgré son hétérogénéité. L'idée de frontière entre l'Amérique latine et le reste du continent est un sujet d'actualité aujourd'hui. Cependant il existe également des frontières plus subtiles, invisibles, gravées sur le territoire même, par la violence, par les flux migratoires, par les changements politiques. Le territoire devient un corps en mutation, pouvant être embelli ou encore montré dans sa souffrance. Cette fragmentation arbitraire et cloisonnée, dessinée sur les cartographies contemporaines, forme un territoire qui, aujourd'hui, se contorsionne pour se repositionner. Les artistes contemporains d'Amérique latine se questionnent sur ces sujets et plus concrètement lesartistes colombiens, en raison du contexte actuel que vit le pays.
BASE
International audience ; There is a common Latin American identity e, in spite of the heterogeneity of the region. Lately, the notion of a border separating Latin America from the rest of the continent has become a prevalent topic in the news. However, there are also more subtle borders, invisible borders engraved directly onto the territory – by violence, by the trajectories of migrants, by political changes. The territory then becomes a changing body, which artists can choose to present in its beauty or in its suffering. The arbitrary fragmentation is mapped out by contemporary cartographies, and produces a territory which today twists and writhes to reposition itself. Contemporary artists of Latin America reflect on these issues, and more specifically Colombianartists. ; Il existe une identité commune latino-américaine, unifiée malgré son hétérogénéité. L'idée de frontière entre l'Amérique latine et le reste du continent est un sujet d'actualité aujourd'hui. Cependant il existe également des frontières plus subtiles, invisibles, gravées sur le territoire même, par la violence, par les flux migratoires, par les changements politiques. Le territoire devient un corps en mutation, pouvant être embelli ou encore montré dans sa souffrance. Cette fragmentation arbitraire et cloisonnée, dessinée sur les cartographies contemporaines, forme un territoire qui, aujourd'hui, se contorsionne pour se repositionner. Les artistes contemporains d'Amérique latine se questionnent sur ces sujets et plus concrètement lesartistes colombiens, en raison du contexte actuel que vit le pays.
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Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin yumuşak güç politikası tarihsel açıdan ele alınmış ve Latin Amerika'daki uygulamalarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle güç kavramından yola çıkılmış, güç unsurları ve çeşitleri ortaya konulmuştur. Kamu Diplomasisi kavramına da değinilen çalışmada Türkiye'nin yumuşak güç ve kamu diplomasisi politikası geçmişten günümüze kadar ele alınmıştır. Bu noktada yumuşak güç unsuru olan kurumlar ve faaliyetlerine değinilmiştir. Çalışmada Latin Amerika - Türkiye ilişkileri tarihsel bağlamda ele alınmış, söz konusu ilişkiler Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminden, hatta kıtanın keşfinden itibaren incelenmiştir. Tezde kıta ile ülkemizin ilişkilerinin tarihçesi, Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet Dönemleri olarak ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, 2000'ler sonrasından günümüze kadar kıtadaki ülkeler ile ikili ilişkileri geliştirmek ve güçlendirmek için yürütülen kamu diplomasisi çalışmalarından bahsedilmiştir. Kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının yanı sıra devlet dışı aktörlerin de çalışmalarından örneklerle Türkiye'nin Latin Amerika'daki yumuşak güç faaliyetleri literatür taraması yöntemiyle masaya yatırılmıştır. ; In this study, Turkey's soft power policy was discussed from a historical perspective and aimed to reveal the practices in Latin America. In the study, first of all, the concept of power is set out and power elements and types are explained. The study was also touched upon the concept of public diplomacy and soft power policy of Turkey which was discussed from the past to the present. At this point, institutions and their activities which were soft power elements has been mentioned. The relations of Turkey and Latin America has been discussed with an historical context since the discovery of the continent. In the thesis, the history of the relations between the continent and our country has been evaluated separately as the Ottoman Empire and Republic Periods. In addition, public diplomacy studies have been mentioned which was carried out to develop and strengthen bilateral relations with countries of the continent since the 2000s. The studies of public institutions and non-state organizations has been held with examples of Turkey's soft power activities in Latin America by the literature method.
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The emergence of eugenic discourse in Latin America in the 1920s seemed to be an inevitable scientific, political, and social phenomenon. The discourse of eugenics gained momentum in the context of global conflict and unrest, which led to the displacement of mass human groups to the Americas. While the arrival of "undesirable" immigrants disproportionately impacted Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, the fear that accompanied their arrival took hold of the entire region. The foreign "human waste" who had been ravaged by war and who endangered the racial makeup of the continent had become one of the central elements in arguments for justifying the establishment of a Pan-American eugenics project. This plan would be capable of protecting the genetic heritage of the continent faced with the menace of the arrival of individuals who had been rejected by conflict because of their "biological ineptitude". In this way, Latin America inserted itself in transnational epistemic networks devoted to eugenics a scientific and socio-political movement (maybe plan) to control the population through mechanisms concerning reproduction and the sexuality of the individual. These networks had started to form in the early 1910s with the organisation of the First Congress of Eugenics in London and with the creation of the first international eugenics organization: the Permanent International Eugenics Committee.The Pan-American eugenics project was marked by the political, economic and social challenges of the 1930s. Further, the economic crisis of 1929, the anti-American sentiment provoked by the military interventions of the United States in Latin America, the questioning of the Pan-American model, and the claim of Latin Americanism all characterized the movement and reconfigured the epistemic eugenic networks. Despite everything, the project got under way. The Primera Conferencia Panamericana de Eugenesia y Homicultura (Havana, 1927) thus marked the beginning of the will to consolidate this project, the objective of which was ...
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The emergence of eugenic discourse in Latin America in the 1920s seemed to be an inevitable scientific, political, and social phenomenon. The discourse of eugenics gained momentum in the context of global conflict and unrest, which led to the displacement of mass human groups to the Americas. While the arrival of "undesirable" immigrants disproportionately impacted Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, the fear that accompanied their arrival took hold of the entire region. The foreign "human waste" who had been ravaged by war and who endangered the racial makeup of the continent had become one of the central elements in arguments for justifying the establishment of a Pan-American eugenics project. This plan would be capable of protecting the genetic heritage of the continent faced with the menace of the arrival of individuals who had been rejected by conflict because of their "biological ineptitude". In this way, Latin America inserted itself in transnational epistemic networks devoted to eugenics a scientific and socio-political movement (maybe plan) to control the population through mechanisms concerning reproduction and the sexuality of the individual. These networks had started to form in the early 1910s with the organisation of the First Congress of Eugenics in London and with the creation of the first international eugenics organization: the Permanent International Eugenics Committee.The Pan-American eugenics project was marked by the political, economic and social challenges of the 1930s. Further, the economic crisis of 1929, the anti-American sentiment provoked by the military interventions of the United States in Latin America, the questioning of the Pan-American model, and the claim of Latin Americanism all characterized the movement and reconfigured the epistemic eugenic networks. Despite everything, the project got under way. The Primera Conferencia Panamericana de Eugenesia y Homicultura (Havana, 1927) thus marked the beginning of the will to consolidate this project, the objective of which was ...
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The emergence of eugenic discourse in Latin America in the 1920s seemed to be an inevitable scientific, political, and social phenomenon. The discourse of eugenics gained momentum in the context of global conflict and unrest, which led to the displacement of mass human groups to the Americas. While the arrival of "undesirable" immigrants disproportionately impacted Argentina, Brazil, and the United States, the fear that accompanied their arrival took hold of the entire region. The foreign "human waste" who had been ravaged by war and who endangered the racial makeup of the continent had become one of the central elements in arguments for justifying the establishment of a Pan-American eugenics project. This plan would be capable of protecting the genetic heritage of the continent faced with the menace of the arrival of individuals who had been rejected by conflict because of their "biological ineptitude". In this way, Latin America inserted itself in transnational epistemic networks devoted to eugenics a scientific and socio-political movement (maybe plan) to control the population through mechanisms concerning reproduction and the sexuality of the individual. These networks had started to form in the early 1910s with the organisation of the First Congress of Eugenics in London and with the creation of the first international eugenics organization: the Permanent International Eugenics Committee.The Pan-American eugenics project was marked by the political, economic and social challenges of the 1930s. Further, the economic crisis of 1929, the anti-American sentiment provoked by the military interventions of the United States in Latin America, the questioning of the Pan-American model, and the claim of Latin Americanism all characterized the movement and reconfigured the epistemic eugenic networks. Despite everything, the project got under way. The Primera Conferencia Panamericana de Eugenesia y Homicultura (Havana, 1927) thus marked the beginning of the will to consolidate this project, the objective of which was ...
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Yüksek Lisans Tezi ; 1990'lı yıllarda meydana gelen küreselleşme olgusuyla birlikte sorgulanmaya başlayan uluslararası ilişkiler disiplini, yeni kavramlar üretmeye başlamıştır. Bu yeni kavramlar arasında yer alan, Joseph Nye'ın yumuşak gücü çıkar maksimizasyonu konusunda uluslararası arenadaki aktörlere alternatif yöntemler sunmuştur. Kültür, siyasi değerler ve dış politika gibi manevi kaynaklardan beslenen yumuşak güç, birçok devlerin ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu anlamda yumuşak gücü benimseyen devletlerden birisi olan Rusya Federasyonu, başta Avrasya coğrafyası olmak üzere Latin Amerika, Afrika ve bunun benzer diğer bölgelere yönelik bu güç türünü kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışma ana hatlarıyla ülkenin yumuşak güç anlayışını tespit etmeyi ve bu gücün Latin Amerika'daki etkisini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bilindiği üzere, SSCB dağılması sonucunda hem sert güç hem de yumuşak güç açısından kayda değer bir mirası elde etmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak, 2000'lere kadarki dönemde etkili kullanılamayan yumuşak güç, Putin'in iktidara gelmesiyle beraber Latin Amerika dahil birçok bölgede aktif hale gelmiştir. ; The discipline of international relations, which started to be questioned with the phenomenon of globalization that took place in the 1990s, started to produce new concepts. Among these new concepts, Joseph Nye's soft power has offered alternative methods to actors in the international arena for interest maximization. Soft power, fed by spiritual resources such as culture, political values and foreign policy, has attracted the attention of many giants. In this sense, the Russian Federation, which is one of the states that adopt soft power, tries to use this type of power towards the Eurasian geography, Latin America, Africa and other similar regions. This study aims to determine the soft power understanding of the country and measure the effect of this power in Latin America. As it is known, as a result of the dissolution of the USSR, it has obtained a remarkable legacy in terms of both hard power and soft power. ...
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Bu çalışmada son yıllara kadar uluslararası ilişkiler gündeminde marjinal konumda olan Arktik bölgesinin değişen jeopolitik konumu jeopolitik kayma çerçevesinde ele alındıktan sonra Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Rusya Federasyonu'nun bölgeye yönelik politikaları incelenmiştir. Jeopolitik kayma; coğrafi bölgelerin jeopolitik ve jeostratejik değişimler sonucunda uluslararası politikadaki konumunun değişmesi olarak edilmektedir. Arktik bölgesi; yer altı maden kaynakları, balıkçılık ve dünyada keşfedilmemiş hidrokarbon kaynakları bakımından oldukça zengindir. Arktik bölgesi küresel ısınmadan en fazla etkilenen bölgelerden biridir. Arktik bölgesindeki buzulların erimesi ile birlikte var olduğu tahmin edilen yüksek miktarlardaki hidrokarbon kaynaklara ulaşımın kolaylaşması, geleneksel deniz rotalarına kıyasla zaman ve ekonomik maliyet yönünden daha cazip yeni ulaşım yollarının ortaya çıkması gibi faktörler nedeniyle bölgenin yakın gelecekte jeopolitik önemi artacaktır. Arktik bölgesinin yaşadığı bu jeopolitik kayma sürecinde bölge içi ve dışından birçok uluslararası aktör bölgeye yönelik politikaları güncellemektedir. Çalışma, giriş bölümüyle beraber üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde teorik çerçeveyi, ikinci bölümde Arktik bölgesinin tarihi, coğrafi sınırları ve aktörlerini, üçüncü bölümde ise ABD ve Rusya'nın bölge politikaları incelenmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde de elde edilen veriler neticesinde genel değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. ; In this study, after discussing the changing geopolitical position of the Arctic region which has been in a marginal position on the international relations agenda until recent years within the framework of the geopolitical shift, the policies of the United States of America and the Russian Federation towards the region are examined. Geopolitical shifts symbolize the changes in the position of geographical regions in international politics as a result of geopolitical and geostrategic changes. Arctic region is rich in terms of underground mineral resources, fisheries and unexplored hydrocarbon resources in the world. The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth. The geopolitical importance of the region will increase in the near future due to factors such as estimated high amounts of hydrocarbon resources and the emergence of new transportation routes which are more beneficial in terms of time and economic cost compared to traditional sea routes. Many international actors from within and outside the region update their policies towards the region during the geopolitical shift in the Arctic region. The study consists of three parts including the introduction. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework, in the second chapter, the history, geographical borders and actors of the Arctic region, and in the third chapter, the regional policies of the USA and Russia are examined. In the conclusion part, general evaluations have been made based on the data obtained.
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21. yüzyıl, küresel siyasette birçok bölgede protestolar ve toplumsal hareketlere tanık olmaktadır. Bu olaylar, ekonomik sorunlardan özgürlük mücadelesine kadar geniş bir yelpazede ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu çerçevede özellikle dikkat çeken Hong Kong, tarihsel geçmişiyle ekonomik ve siyasi olarak Çin için önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Son yıllarda sıklıkla gündeme gelen Hong Kong protestoları Çin ile gerginliğin giderek artmasına neden olmuştur. Çin için hassas konular arasında yer alan Hong Kong, birçok aktörün dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu çerçevede, Hong Kong'daki protestolara küresel güçlerin yaklaşımları Çin açısından önemli olmaktadır. Çalışmada ele alınan iki aktör olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birliği, Çin'in ekonomik ve siyasi hayatında ilk sıralarda olması nedeniyle önemlidir. Çalışmada öncelikle Hong Kong protestolarının genel bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmış, sonraki bölümlerde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birliği'nin protestolara yaklaşımları kronolojik olarak ortaya konulmuştur. İki aktörün yaklaşımı liderler, kurum ve organ temsilcilerinin söylemleri temelinde gösterilmiştir. Böylece, Hong Kong protestolarıyla ilgili olarak iki önemli aktörün yaklaşımlarındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar temelinde bazı çıkarımlar yapmak mümkün olacaktır. Çalışmada, protestolar karşısında ABD'nin AB'den daha sert söylemlerinin olduğu, Trump yönetiminin sorunun doğrudan taraflarından biri haline geldiği görülmüştür ; The 21st century has witnessed protests and social movements in many regions in global politics. These events can occur in a wide range from economic problems to the struggle for freedom. In this context, Hong Kong has an important place for China in economic and political terms with its historical background. The Hong Kong protests, which have frequently been on the agenda in recent years, have led to increasing tension with China. Hong Kong, a sensitive issue for China, has attracted the attention of many actors. In this framework, the approach of global powers to protests in Hong Kong is important for China. The two actors in the study, the United States and the European Union, are important due to their high-ranking positions given their economic and political relations with China. In this study, firstly, a general evaluation of Hong Kong protests has been made, and in the following sections, the approaches of the United States and European Union to the protests have been presented chronologically. The approach of the two actors is shown based on the discourses of the managers of the institutions and the representatives of the state. Thus, it will be possible to draw some conclusions based on similarities and differences in the approaches of the two major actors regarding the Hong Kong protests. In the study, it was seen that the USA had harsher rhetoric than the EU in the face of the protests, and the Trump administration became one of the direct sides of the problem.
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Bu çalışma henüz son dönemde yoğunluk ve çeşitlilik kazanan Türkiye ve Latin Amerika ülkeleri arasındaki ilişkilerde sürükleyici temel motivasyonları anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Öncelikle, tarihsel ve teorik çerçevede Türkiye'nin Latin Amerika yaklaşımı tartışılmaktadır. Sonrasında, son dönem Türkiye ve Latin Amerika bölgesindeki siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel ilişkilere kurumsal nitelik kazandıran belirli aşamalar derinlemesine incelenmektedir. Bu aşamaları inceledikten sonra liberal tercihlerin bölge ve Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin gelişmesi ve adım adım derinleşmesindeki temel faktörler olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle bölge ile Türkiye arasında kurumsallaşan ilişkilerin temelini liberal yönelimin oluşturduğu savunulmaktadır. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin son dönem Ortadoğu yaklaşımında realist kaygıların belirleyici etkisini düşündüğümüzde Latin Amerika'daki liberal motivastona dayalı aktivism bir devletin dış politikasında realist ve liberal politikaların aynı zamanda gelişebileceğini kanıtlamaktadır. Son bölümde liberal anlayışın Türkiye ve Latin Amerika arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkilerin kurumsallaşmasındaki hayati rolü yeniden vurgulandıktan sonra, bu yaklaşımın somut sonuçları Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AK Parti) dönemindeki ekonomik veriler ışığında sunulacaktır. ; This study attempts to understand the basic motivations in the relations between Turkey and Latin American countries, which have currently intensified and diversified. Initially, historical and theoretical discussion on Turkey's Latin American approach is proceeded. Afterwards, certain processes that confer institutional-legal status to the current political, economic and cultural relations between Turkey and Latin American region are throughly examined. Having analyzed these stages it is seen that liberal preferences are the leading factors on improving and gradually deepening relations between Turkey and this region. Therefore, it is possible to contend that liberal orientation constitutes the basis of institutionalized relations between the region and Turkey. Liberally-motivated activism in Latin America also proves that realist and liberal policies can be concurrently advanced in any state's foreign when considering determinant impact of realist concerns on Turkey's recent Middle Eastern approach. In the final section, after reemphasizing the essential role of liberal undertstanding on the institutionalization of mutual relations between Turkey and Latin America this approach's concrete results will be displayed through economic data gathered during the period of Justice and Development Party (JDP).
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Chinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies' strategies. ; La présence chinoise en Amérique latine et Caraïbes (ALC), tout comme dans d'autres régions du monde, a fortement augmenté depuis une quinzaine d'années. Au-delà des motifs traditionnels de cette expansion au niveau économique (la recherche de ressources et de nouveaux marchés), la Chine représente un partenaire particulier pour les pays latino-américains en raison des frontières floues entre les formes de propriété publique et privée, et des objectifs stricts de son gouvernement en matière de politique industrielle et de développement sur le long terme. En outre, des disparités régionales sont apparues entre l'Amérique du Sud, longtemps favorisée par l'augmentation de la demande chinoise en matières premières, et le Mexique, qui s'est rapidement retrouvé en situation de concurrence ouverte avec la Chine sur différents segments de son secteur secondaire, et dont la dynamique d'intégration en Amérique du Nord fut profondément impactée par l'arrivée des entreprises chinoises sur le marché des États-Unis. En combinant une analyse approfondie des bases de données disponibles sur les investissements directs à l'étranger (IDE) de la Chine en ALC et trois études de cas originales d'entreprises chinoises installées dans le domaine manufacturier au Mexique, cette thèse montre que ces opérations présentent des modalités inédites notamment en termes de rythme d'expansion et de capacités d'adaptation aux environnements locaux. Cependant, les externalités positives ou négatives des IDE chinois demeurent tributaires des interactions entre le contexte institutionnel du pays d'accueil et les stratégies des entreprises.
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Chinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies' strategies. ; La présence chinoise en Amérique latine et Caraïbes (ALC), tout comme dans d'autres régions du monde, a fortement augmenté depuis une quinzaine d'années. Au-delà des motifs traditionnels de cette expansion au niveau économique (la recherche de ressources et de nouveaux marchés), la Chine représente un partenaire particulier pour les pays latino-américains en raison des frontières floues entre les formes de propriété publique et privée, et des objectifs stricts de son gouvernement en matière de politique industrielle et de développement sur le long terme. En outre, des disparités régionales sont apparues entre l'Amérique du Sud, longtemps favorisée par l'augmentation de la ...
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Bu tez çalışması, uluslararası ilişkiler açısından siber uzayın neden olduğu yeni tartışma konularını ele almak suretiyle, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Rusya Federasyonu (RF)'nun siber güvenlik stratejilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmadaki temel sorunsalımız ise ABD ile RF'nin, siber güvenlik stratejilerini belirleme sürecinde birbirleriyle bir etkileşim ve etki-tepki ilişkisi içinde olup olmadığı tartışmasına odaklanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda tezde ulaşılan sonuç, ABD ve RF'nin siber güvenlik stratejilerini şekillendirme süreçlerinde, birbirlerine yönelik tehdit algılamalarının önemli etkisi olduğudur. Zira ABD ve RF arasında siber uzay alanında günümüze kadar süre gelen rekabetinin kökenleri her iki devletin Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki ideolojik ve askeri çekişmesinin bir sonucu olarak şekillenmiştir. Bununla birlikte söz konusu iki devlet kısa ve orta vadede ağ teknolojileri kapsamında askeri kapasitelerini geliştirmek için etkili bir siber savunma ve saldırı kapasitesi yaratmaya çalışacaklardır. Genel ve soyut olarak aktardığımız bu çerçeve içerisinde tez çalışmasının ilgi bölümlerinde: o Teknoloji kültürlerinin Soğuk Savaş döneminde ABD ve SSCB arasındaki askeri rekabetin günümüz siber uzay alanının şekillenmesine yaptığı katkıların, o 1990'lar başı ile birlikte küreselleşen, ticarileşen ve sivilleşen internet teknolojisinden ABD ve RF'nin askeri ve istihbari bir enstrüman olarak istifade etme arayışlarının, o Sosyal medya imkânlarını her iki devletin bir enformasyon savaşı aracı olarak kullanmaya yönelik planlamalarının, o ABD ve RF'nin bu yıllar ile birlikte şekillenmeye başlayan resmi siber güvenlik strateji belge ve doktrinlerinin, o Ulusal siber uzay alanlarını denetleyen hukuki rejimlerinin ve ulusal siber güvenlik kurumlarının faaliyetlerinin analiz edilmesine odaklanılmıştır. ; This thesis study aims at comparative analysis of cyber security policies adopted by United States of America (USA), and Russian Federation (RF), with consideration of new discussions originated from cyber space in the context of international relations. This work tries to find out whether there is an action-response relation between USA, and RF or not, in the course of setting cyber security strategies. Accordingly, this study found out the fact that USA, and RF's mutual perception of threat on their countries, is decisive when they are setting cyber security strategies. It is because of that today's ongoing competition between USA, and RF in the field of cyber space, originates from ideological, and military competition between USA, and RF during Cold War. Besides, the two states will try to create an effective cyber defense and attack capacity in order to improve their military capacities in the short and medium term within the scope of networking technologies. As we explained in general and abstract, in order to support arguments of this study, focus of related chapters of this thesis; o Contributions of technology cultures to the shaping of today's cyberspace space in the Cold War-era military rivalries between the USA and the Soviet Union, o Attempts of USA, and RF to benefit from internet technology as a means of military, and espionage, since it has been global, commercial, and civil by 1990s, o Planning of social media facilities for the use of the two states as an information warfare tool by the state, o USA, and RF's official cyber security strategy documents, and doctrines that started to be formed by then, o Legal regimes governing national cyber space areas; and activities of national cyber security institutions.
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