Suchergebnisse

В статье рассматриваются несоюзные функции грамматикализованных инфинитных и финитных форм от глагола речи гэ- 'говорить' в бурятском языке. Актуальность исследования определяется чрезвычайно важной ролью дицендиального глагола на уровне как простого, так и сложного предложения в монгольских языках. Поскольку значительная часть системы союзных средств базируется именно на инфинитных формах этого глагола, то союзные функции исследованы в первую очередь, а несоюзные функции остаются в тени. Для выявления и описания последних решались следующие задачи: изучить работы синтаксистов на материале других монгольских языков, провести анализ бурятского корпусного материала, классифицировать случаи несоюзного употребления инфинитных и финитных форм глагола речи гэ-. Материалом исследования послужили современные словари и оригинальные художественные тексты на бурятском языке, размещенные в электронном Бурятском корпусе, а также результаты анкетирования носителей языка. Применялись следующие методы исследования: лингвистическое наблюдение, интроспекция, описание, метод компонентного анализа, метод корпусного анализа. В итоге выявились различные направления грамматикализации форм глагола речи гэ-: включение слов, фокусное выделение слов, маркирование логического вывода, привлечение внимания, выражение эмоций, роль вспомогательного глагола в аналитических конструкциях. При этом инфинитные и финитные формы зачастую утрачивают связь с исходным глаголом речи гэ-, грамматикализуясь в различные частицы. В центре описания находятся две наиболее грамматикализованные частицы гээшэ и гэгшэ, образованные от фокусных причастий на -ААшА и -гшА. Несоюзные функции этих частиц во многом обусловлены значениями их составляющих: глагола речи гэ- и выделительных причастий.
The article considers the non-conjunctional functions of grammaticalized infinite and finite forms from the verb of speech ge- 'to speak' in the Buryat language. The relevance of the study is determined by the extremely important role of the decendial verb both at the level of simple and complex sentences in the Mongolian languages. Since almost the entire system of conjunctions is based precisely on the infinite forms of this verb, conjunctional functions are studied first, and non-conjunctional functions remain in the shadows. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe previously unexplored non-conjunctional functions in forms formed from the service verb of speech. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the works of scientists on the material of other Mongolian languages, to analyze the Buryat corpus material, to select and classify cases of non-conjunctional use of the infinite forms of the speech verb ge-. The material of the study was modern dictionaries and the original literary texts in the Buryat language, posted in the electronic Buryat corpus, as well as the results of a survey of native speakers. The research methods are linguistic observation, introspection, description, component analysis method, corpus analysis method. As a result, various directions of grammaticalization of the forms of the speech verb ge- were revealed: the inclusion of words, focus highlighting, marking a logical conclusion, attraction of attention, expressing emotions, the role of an auxiliary verb in analytical constructions. At the same time, infinite and finite forms often lose their connection with the original verb of speech ge-, grammaticalizing into various particles. In the center of the description are the two most grammaticalized particles geeshe and gegshe, formed from focus participles in - АAšA and - gšA. The non-conjunctional functions of these particles are determined by the meanings of their components: the verb of speech ge- and focus participles.

In article approaches to understanding of essence teachability are considered, its basic components are allocated and hierarchically ordered. The treatment special обучаемости to historical disciplines, a technique of its measurement on the basis of diagnostic training experiment and results of an experimental research on its approbation is resulted.

Russian vocabulary is the most changeable language level. New vocabulary is a reflection of modern political, cultural and social changes and it may be interesting for different fields of linguistic science and, in our opinion, can be an extraordinary material for studying lexical norms and stylistic features of Russian language. Using new author's vocabulary (protologisms) as language material can be aimed at testing both students' theoretical knowledge of the Russian language and their ability to apply this knowledge in determining the lexical meaning of a word, the relationship of word formation methods with the meaning of a new word, its expressive function, morphological meaning, and the possibility of combining it with other words for inclusion in the structure of an utterance, depending on the sphere of communication. The purpose of this article is to describe ways to include a special category of words in the content of the discipline "Russian language and culture of speech": the author's vocabulary (protologisms). We assume this language material can be used to systematize students' knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian language and the stylistic features of these words. The object of study in this article are protologism as lexical units, which is a kind of new vocabulary of modern Russian language; the subject of research – the possibility of their use as a language material for teaching lexical and stylistic peculiarities of the Russian language.

Purpose: on the base of analysis of modern information technology training to prove the feasibility of the course "Technology" in the primary school through distance learning technologies. Methodology: a theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the study of experience in implementing e-learning, including on school "House - Shkola.ru" of Ivanovo city. Results: The goal of the course "Technology" in distance education is to form the foundations of students' work culture, through the acquisition of basic concepts of natural and technological environment. The basic forms and methods of teaching students using the school site, provided directions for further development opportunities of distance learning course "Technology" in the system of additional education. Practical implications: the system of general education, further education of children.

History is one of the most important school disciplines. Politicians and intellectuals have appealed to history to motivate their actions. They promoted the ideas of liberalism and modernization of the state. This was possible only by creating a political ideology. History has taken a leading role in the more ideologies. We wrote in this study about the creation and evolution of history that science and school disciplines. History was born in ancient Athens. The first historian was Herodotus. He told the public in Agora about the heroic deeds of their ancestors. Success of stories was ensured by combining historical facts with literary talent. Those present received the new literary genre with a great enthusiasm, because they identified themselves with the glorious deeds of their ancestors. The new genre also had a muse, and historians had to be inspired by it – the Clio muse. Historian must investigate the past, gather information. He is transforming into a detective of the past. Thucidides will be the one who will transform history. His story is moralizing. He criticizes more of the qualities of the Greeks, contemporary with him. That was the reason why the Peloponnesian War work written by Thucidides liked less to the Greeks and became less well known. The important role of the oratorio for capitalizing on history was emphasized by Cicero: By what other voice, too, than that of the orator, is history, the witness of time, the light of truth, the life of memory, the directress of life, the herald of antiquity, committed to immortality? The Romanian historiography reached its peak through the works of Tacitus. The sine ira et studio expression became the standard of historical work. History had the greatest success in the modern age when the nations were formed. Political ideology needed history to formulate ideological doctrines. This was the time when history was enslaved by the politic. Assuming of history has reduced the interest in discipline, but she can recover the busy place before. The principles ...

в статье рассматриваются проблемы изменения подходов к воинской дисциплине. Анализируется и ее неразрывная связь с военным правом ; роль и место дисциплины в укреплении государственности и подавлении деструктивных проявлений. Дается анализ современного понимания воинской дисциплины при похождении военной службы в Российской Федерации. ; the article deals with the problem of changing the approaches to military discipline. Analyzed and its inextricable link with the military law ; the role and place of discipline in strengthening statehood and the suppression of the destructive manifestations. The analysis of the modern understanding of military discipline in passing of military service in the Russian Federation.

This article presents a new educational discipline, "The concept of the human individual in Marxism and Neomarxism". Using a historical methodology, a brief survey is provided of the main approaches and models, and of the concepts of the human individual. The need is demonstrated for studying human beings as subjects of economic life, and for understanding the motives and conditions responsible for shaping their economic behaviour. The article sets out the content of the main themes of the course, themes that include the basic positions of Marxism on capital, labour, the labour market and the nature of humanity, and also the vision of the human individual and of his or her place in economic life as put forward by other schools and currents. At the end of the article a list of recommended literature is appended. The article concludes that teaching this discipline as an elective for students can act as an important element in the training of personnel management specialists.

The review gives the main theses on the history of political and legal doctrines. It is mainly noted that this discipline is one of the oldest in classical legal education. Against the backdrop of widespread cuts in hours for fundamental legal disciplines, it is necessary to rmly defend our positions in the educational process of the theory of state and law and the history of political and legal doctrines.

Цель исследования заключается в анализе дисциплинированности македонской пехоты эпохи великих завоеваний IV в. до н.э. Задачами являются рассмотрение мероприятий Филиппа II, направленных на повышение дисциплины в македонской армии, определение их эффективности, выявление сути дисциплинарных проблем, характерных для фалангитов времен Филиппа и Александра. Исследование опиралось на всесторонний анализ античных письменных источников, сравнительно-исторический метод, метод контент-анализа. Определено, что традиционно для пешего ополчения царства Аргеадов, как и для аналогичного компонента вооруженных сил соседних «варварских» народов, была свойственна низкая дисциплинированность. Посредством интенсивных тренировок, введения системы поощрений и взысканий Филиппу II удалось привить македонским пехотинцам дисциплину, высокий уровень которой был продемонстрирован в войнах за господство на Балканском полуострове, а затем подтвержден в период Восточного похода Александра. Базисом дисциплинарных мотивов фалангитов следует считать выгоды от принадлежности к царской армии и сформировавшуюся корпоративную идентичность. Тем не менее, большое военное значение корпуса македонских пехотинцев и его сплоченность сделали возможными и массовые выступления, в ходе которых воины открыто протестовали против военно-стратегических и политико-административных решений монарха, не соответствующих интересам войска.
The main aim of this research is the analysis of the Macedonian infantry discipline in the period of the great conquests of 4th century BC. The research objectives are the review of Philip's II actions to improve the Macedonian army discipline, the determining their effectiveness, the identifying the essence of disciplinary problems which are connected with the phalangites of Phillips and Alexander's times. A multi-faceted approach to the ancient narrative sources, methods of comparative historical analysis and content analysis have been used. It defends that traditionally for infantry militia of the Argead Kingdomas well as for a similar component of the neighboring barbarian societies' armed forces the law discipline was typical. Through intensive training, the introduction of a system of rewards and penalties, Philip II managed to instill for the Macedonian infantry discipline which high level was demonstrated in wars of domination in Balkan Peninsula and confirmed during the Alexander's Asian expedition. The phalangites'disciplinary motives were based on benefits of belonging to the royal army and an established corporate identity. However, the great military importance of the Macedonian infantry and their unity made possible mass demonstrations, during which the military protested against the military–strategic and political–administrative decisions of the monarch, which did not correspond to the interests of the army.