Suchergebnisse

In this article, the author argues with the Polish press about the 350th anniversary of the Lublin Union, which was celebrated in Poland in 1919. In contrast to the Polish press, the author emphasizes that 1) the Act of the Lublin Union was not a voluntary union of Poland and Lithuania, it was an act of Polish violence against Lithuania; 2) Ukrainian lands became part of the Polish Kingdom not voluntarily, but forcibly annexed by the King of Poland; 3) The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not a democratic country, as in other countries of Europe at that time, only the Polish nobility had full political rights. The common people remained completely powerless.

The article deals with Vasyl Gorlenko, one of the most prominent Ukrainian culturologists of the late nineteenth century – beginning of the XX century. Whose name on the one hand did not belong to the forgotten names: it is fixed in all professional encyclopedias, many articles have been written about it, it is mentioned in the memoirs of contemporaries, there are even three monographs, on the other hand all this is very small, going out from what was done by Vasily Petrovich. There are a lot of problems raised in the writings of V. Gorlenko. There are some that are extremely important. It was established that studying at the famous Sorbonne, he passed the beautiful school of the French theoretician of literature and art critic Ivan T., French classical literature and art, thus receiving a high level of education, education of the best spiritual traits of behavior, possessed at least 5 foreign languages. It was discovered that when V.Gorlenko returned to his homeland, he first met in St. Petersburg with many prominent figures who came from his native land. One of these places of acquaintances is "Tuesdays" by M. Kostomarov. It was on them that V. Gorlenko was a true school of Ukrainian studies. And when Ukraine appeared periodicals that were in line with its patriotic interests, V. Gorlenko began to work with them. In the newspaper Trud, after twenty years of actual silence about T. Shevchenko, the first in Ukraine is a fragment of Russian tales of Taras Shevchenko "A walk with pleasure and not without morality" and the story "The Musician" with some reproach to everyone else who hadn't done it already. It was found out that the Ukrainian elite rallied around the magazine "Kievan old woman" (1882-1906): V. Antonovich, D. Bagaliy, M. Belyashivsky, P. Golubovsky, V. Domanytsky, P. Efimenko, P. Zhitetsky, O. Lazarevsky, O. Levitsky, M. Sumtsov, V. Tarnovsky and many others. Here were M. Drahomanov, M. Kostomarov, V. Vynnychenko, Panas Mirnyi, I. Franko, M. Staritsky and dozens of other Ukrainian scholars and writers. Among them Vasyl Horlenko. Currently, 114-th of his publications, contained in this publication, are known. Articles, reviews, reviews of publications, information, folk records - each of these publications is an example of scientific conscientiousness and responsibility of the author. It was here that his multifaceted talent of journalist, literary critic and historian, ethnographer and folklorist, art historian, expert in Ukrainian antiquity was revealed. Quite often, V.n Gorlenko was the first, who write about the works of P. Mirny, I. Franko, I. Karpenko-Karyi, M. Kropivnitsky, I. Manzhuro and many others. Invaluable source in the study of both the personality of V. Gorlenko and his environment is his correspondence. Currently, there are about 40 recipients and more than 700 letters to him and partly to him. He corresponded with many Ukrainian and foreign writers, scholars, and cultural figures. He loved Ukraine most of all and was afraid of those revolutions that were devastated, death, spiritual impoverishment, barbarism; advocated the steadfast development of society, feeling as an integral part of its people, small and great Nature. Therefore, it remained for us a bright star of the unimpeded space of culture.

Introduction. David Ricardo is a very prominent figure in the history of economic thought. He is a recognized leader in classical political economy and a reputable financier in both Britain and Europe in the first half of the XIX century. He is rightly considered one of the creators of the labor theory of value, he has brought it to its logical conclusion. The scientist made a significant contribution to the development of a scientific method for studying economic phenomena.Purpose of the research is to generalize the economic views of a prominent scientist on economic phenomena and processes, the action of economic laws that ensure the balance of a market economy and the basic principles of economic liberalism; analyze the Ricardo's views on the laws of social wealth distribution between three classes of society and the impact of the existing distribution of income on the growth of wealth.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, which were used to assess the views, conclusions and recommendations of the scientist to ensure market equilibrium and increase the material wealth of society; historical – to understand the essence of the evolution of existing views on the labor theory of value, the theory of money and land rent; combining the abstract method with quantitative analysis to determine the quantitative characteristics of economic phenomena; positive and normative – to study the main and distinctive features in the views of representatives of classical political economy.Results. It has been researched the David Ricardo's scientific work and it has been established that he was a prominent representative of classical political economy, a follower and at the same time an opponent of certain theoretical positions of Adam Smith. It was found that the most important ideas of economic theory have been reflected in his labor theory of value, the theory of capital and money, the theory of income distribution, tax theory and ...

The article analyzes in detail the versions of the arrest (under the guise of evacuation) and mysterious death of Petro Franko who was the youngest son of Ivan and Olha Franko, at the time – a prominent cultural and public – political figure, people's deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of the USSR and the first director of the Ivan Franko's Museum in Lviv. The purpose of the study is to reveal on the basis of all available sources: documental, press, memoirs, etc. the circumstances of the forced deportation of Petro Franko from Lviv with the beginning of the German-Soviet phase of World War II, the possible time and place of his violent death as a result of criminal repressive policy of totalitarian system of USSR towards Ukrainian cultural figures and leaders of public opinion of Galicia. The research methodology is based primarily on archival and source research, using biographical, political and cultural-historical approaches, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the scientific substantiation of the documented facts of the arrest and death of Petro Franko on the basis of archival sources, as well as in the first introduction into scientific circulation a number of previously unknown documents (in particular from the archives of Soviet Secret Service). Based on a detailed systematic analysis and critical verification of all available sources, it was concluded that on June 28, 1941, exactly on the day of his birth, Petro Franko was arrested on the pretext of «evacuation» by employees of state security bodies of the USSR (namely by NKVD troops) and taken out of Lviv. in the eastern direction, together with Acad. Kyrylo Studynskyi. They were taken to Kyiv and subsequently detained in places of detention (prison or remand). In early July of the same year, P. Franko was sentenced to the «HP» («Highest punishment») and «shot for nationalist activities». This happened no sooner than July 6, 1941; more likely, July 9 or 10, 1941. Thus, Petro Franko became a victim ...

"January GIS" in the current year celebrated its first anniversary - five years. Summing up with one sentence, which is often cited by top officials of the military command and control, known guests, this our initiative has become a noticeable phenomenon in the scientific life of the specialized science, as well as in various fields of application of information technology. ; «Январские ГИСы» в текущем году отметили свой первый юбилей - пять лет. Подытоживая одним предложением, которое часто цитируется первыми лицами военного командования и управления, известными гостями, эта наша инициатива стала заметным явлением в научной жизни специализированной науки, а также тех или иных сферах применения информационных технологий. ; «Січневі ГІСи» в поточному році відзначилисвій перший ювілей – п'ять років. Підсумовуючи одним реченням, яке часто цитованопершими особами військового командуваннята управління, відомими гостями, ця наша ініціатива стала помітним явищем у науковомужитті спеціалізованої науки, а також тих абоінших сферах застосування інформаційнихтехнологій.

A group of Ukrainian architects took part in celebrating the anniversary of the renowned architectural school. The authors share their impressions of the attitude of German society to Architecture and Architects. These traditions of appreciating architecture, architectural works and buildings have deep roots in the culture of the German nation and respect for their native architects.Architectural culture and the profession that underpins it have a new phase in the development of the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. Founded in those days, the BAUHAUS School of Architecture added nuances to internationalism thanks to a galaxy of professionals in various fields of art. That is why BAUHAUS has profoundly influenced the development of many arts in the world's leading countries.The rapid spread of BAUHAUS ideas to world culture and art was, strangely enough, facilitated by fascist Germany, which closed the school in 1936. Most teachers and students were forced to flee to the United States through political and racist persecution. Here, they have assimilated and extended their creativity and activities so successfully that after the end of World War II, their ideas and achievements spread very quickly around the world. ; Група українських архітекторів прийняла участь у святкуванні ювілею славетної архітектурної школи. Автори діляться своїми враженнями з приводу відношення німецького суспільства до Архітектури та архітекторів. Ці традиції цінування архітектури, архітектурних творів та будівель мають глибокі корні в культурі німецької нації та поваги до їх носіів – архітекторів.Новий виток розвитку архітектурна культура та професія що на неї спирається отримала в часи Веймарської республіки 1918 – 1923рр. Заснована в ті часи архітектурна школа BAUHAUS додала оттінки інтернаціоналізму завдяки цілій плеяді фахівців з різних напрямків мистецтва. Саме тому школа BAUHAUS глибоко вплинула на розвиток багатьох видів мистецтва в ведучих країнах світу.Бистрому розповсюдженню ідей BAUHAUS на світову культуру та мистецтво посприяла, як не дивно, фашистська Німечччина, що в 1936 році закрила школу. Більшість викладачів та учнів вимушені були втекти в США завдяки політичним та расістським переслідуванням. Тут вони асимулювалися та подовжили свою творчість та діяльність настільки успішно, що після завершення Другої Світової Війни їх ідеї та досягнення дуже швидко розповсюдилися по всьому світу.

A group of Ukrainian architects took part in celebrating the anniversary of the renowned architectural school. The authors share their impressions of the attitude of German society to Architecture and Architects. These traditions of appreciating architecture, architectural works and buildings have deep roots in the culture of the German nation and respect for their native architects.Architectural culture and the profession that underpins it have a new phase in the development of the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. Founded in those days, the BAUHAUS School of Architecture added nuances to internationalism thanks to a galaxy of professionals in various fields of art. That is why BAUHAUS has profoundly influenced the development of many arts in the world's leading countries.The rapid spread of BAUHAUS ideas to world culture and art was, strangely enough, facilitated by fascist Germany, which closed the school in 1936. Most teachers and students were forced to flee to the United States through political and racist persecution. Here, they have assimilated and extended their creativity and activities so successfully that after the end of World War II, their ideas and achievements spread very quickly around the world. ; Група українських архітекторів прийняла участь у святкуванні ювілею славетної архітектурної школи. Автори діляться своїми враженнями з приводу відношення німецького суспільства до Архітектури та архітекторів. Ці традиції цінування архітектури, архітектурних творів та будівель мають глибокі корні в культурі німецької нації та поваги до їх носіів – архітекторів.Новий виток розвитку архітектурна культура та професія що на неї спирається отримала в часи Веймарської республіки 1918 – 1923рр. Заснована в ті часи архітектурна школа BAUHAUS додала оттінки інтернаціоналізму завдяки цілій плеяді фахівців з різних напрямків мистецтва. Саме тому школа BAUHAUS глибоко вплинула на розвиток багатьох видів мистецтва в ведучих країнах світу.Бистрому розповсюдженню ідей BAUHAUS на світову культуру та мистецтво посприяла, як не дивно, фашистська Німечччина, що в 1936 році закрила школу. Більшість викладачів та учнів вимушені були втекти в США завдяки політичним та расістським переслідуванням. Тут вони асимулювалися та подовжили свою творчість та діяльність настільки успішно, що після завершення Другої Світової Війни їх ідеї та досягнення дуже швидко розповсюдилися по всьому світу.

A group of Ukrainian architects took part in celebrating the anniversary of the renowned architectural school. The authors share their impressions of the attitude of German society to Architecture and Architects. These traditions of appreciating architecture, architectural works and buildings have deep roots in the culture of the German nation and respect for their native architects.Architectural culture and the profession that underpins it have a new phase in the development of the Weimar Republic from 1918 to 1923. Founded in those days, the BAUHAUS School of Architecture added nuances to internationalism thanks to a galaxy of professionals in various fields of art. That is why BAUHAUS has profoundly influenced the development of many arts in the world's leading countries.The rapid spread of BAUHAUS ideas to world culture and art was, strangely enough, facilitated by fascist Germany, which closed the school in 1936. Most teachers and students were forced to flee to the United States through political and racist persecution. Here, they have assimilated and extended their creativity and activities so successfully that after the end of World War II, their ideas and achievements spread very quickly around the world. ; Група українських архітекторів прийняла участь у святкуванні ювілею славетної архітектурної школи. Автори діляться своїми враженнями з приводу відношення німецького суспільства до Архітектури та архітекторів. Ці традиції цінування архітектури, архітектурних творів та будівель мають глибокі корні в культурі німецької нації та поваги до їх носіів – архітекторів.Новий виток розвитку архітектурна культура та професія що на неї спирається отримала в часи Веймарської республіки 1918 – 1923рр. Заснована в ті часи архітектурна школа BAUHAUS додала оттінки інтернаціоналізму завдяки цілій плеяді фахівців з різних напрямків мистецтва. Саме тому школа BAUHAUS глибоко вплинула на розвиток багатьох видів мистецтва в ведучих країнах світу.Бистрому розповсюдженню ідей BAUHAUS на світову культуру та мистецтво посприяла, як не дивно, фашистська Німечччина, що в 1936 році закрила школу. Більшість викладачів та учнів вимушені були втекти в США завдяки політичним та расістським переслідуванням. Тут вони асимулювалися та подовжили свою творчість та діяльність настільки успішно, що після завершення Другої Світової Війни їх ідеї та досягнення дуже швидко розповсюдилися по всьому світу.

Introduction. Robert Owen is a very prominent figure in the history of economic thought in England in the early XIX century. His talent was evident as an economist-theorist and in his organizational skills, which allowed Owen to make significant improvements in the textile industry.Purpose is to generalize the economic views of a prominent economist in conjunction with his experimental and reformist activities in production in order to create an «ideal labor community» that will improve the world of capitalism, provide high profits for entrepreneurs and prosperous lives of employees. Analyze the views of the scientist on the ways and means of creating a future society.Methods. The methodological basis of the study are such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, which were used to assess the views and recommendations of the scientist to improve existing social relations; historical method – to understand the causes and essence of the evolution of views on existing society and the importance of moral and educational education; positive and normative methods – to study the common and distinctive features in the views of the future social order of the representatives of utopian socialism.Results. A large number of works by R. Owen have been studied and it has been found that his social utopia and reformist activities were contradictory, his «projects» were mostly unrealistic, but same time had a significant impact on the labor and trade union movement in England and the development of economic thought. The scientist found that private property was the cause of many crimes and misfortunes. It was found that R. Owen had been focused on trying to make practical changes, develop specific proposals for the restructuring of society, improving working conditions and living conditions of workers. He saw the possibility of improving the living conditions of employees in the organization of community work, the effectiveness of which he tested during the famous experiment in New Lenark. According to R. Owen, a good society should be based on science and governed by simple and healthy principles of equality and justice.Discussion. The prospect of further research lies in a deeper and more detailed analysis of individual works of the famous economist, that will help to understand the logic of his way of thinking and give a more objective assessment of the contribution of R. Owen in the development of world economic thought.

In the article the author attempt to analyze main points of development across the twenty-five years the existence of the system`s part of professional training for public servants, officials, local government officials – the network of the advanced training centers. According to the author, from the very beginning it developed paradoxically – sometimes before the creating regulatory legal acts, sometimes creatively applying its, improvising, each time – in accordance with local conditions, which eventually led to significant autonomy of decision-making centers and the uniqueness of their organization and activities. This diversity and widespread practice of self-resolution of many current issues have led to the high adaptability of the network to the conditions of constant change of the Ukrainian state and social cataclysms, flexibility. Thus, the centers, which were established as the continuation of the soviet "courses", for the most part became convenient platforms for civil communication and, to some extent, leaders in change in the system of public administration. This prepared them for the situation where the training system actually became open – due to the emergence of several new (international and Ukrainian) significant service providers with modern technologies and better funding conditions. The author claims that this is the challenge to the network of centers; the legislative regulation of new relations is not enough only. To successfully overcome the challenges and effectively using the resources of each center and the viability of the network as a whole, is proposing to implement previous intentions regarding cooperation, coordination of efforts, agreeing on the format of future relationships between centers.

«Prosvita (Enlightment)» is the name for Ukrainian public societies aiming at mass spreading of education, culture and national consciousness among the people, which have functioned on Ukrainian lands and beyond Ukraine since the end of 1868 and up to now. The first «Prosvita» Society was founded in Lviv on December 8, 1868 and became the largest organization in Halychyna and the head organization for other societies which later became independent. The activity of «Prosvita» was regulated by the Statute, changes to which were introduced in case of necessity. The number of members in the first years was not large: 1869 – 100 members, 1870 – 204, 1872 – 145, 1874 – 289. According to the Statute of 1891 «Prosvita» got an opportunity not only to educate the workers and peasants but also to support them economically. The society was gradually becoming all-Ukrainian. By the example of «Prosvita» in Halychyna, «Ruska Besida» emerged in Bukovyna. And after the revolution in Russia in1905 new societies appeared in East Ukraine. They were headed by outstanding writers, scientists and public men – B. Hrinchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, S. Yefremov, M. Kotsubynskyi, M. Arkas. The Russian government prohibited their activities in some years after their foundation. Instead, in 1912 the reading rooms of «Prosvita» in Halychyna were affiliated with 540 shops, 339 small lending institutions and 121 public pantries. Under the supervision of the Society there were three economic and trade schools. Throughout 1869–1918 «Prosvita» published 477 titles of books in an edition of about 3.5 million copies. In 1939 the «Prosvita» Society numbered 360 thousand members, what made up to 15% of all the adult Ukrainian population, and the network of its reading rooms encompassed 85% of West Ukrainian lands. Throughout 1868–1939 the heads of Lviv «Prosvita» were A. Vakhnianyn, Yu. Lavrivskyi, V. Fedorovych, Yu. Ohonovskyi, Yu. Romanchuk, Ye. Olesnytskyi, P. Ohonovskyi, I. Kyveliuk, M. Halushchynskyi, I. Bryk, Yu. Dzerovych, and the heads of renewed «Prosvita» were R. Ivanychuk, R. Lubkivskyi, Ya. Pitko. The Bolshevik regime that settled in September 1939 in West Ukraine abolished «Prosvita», and thousands of its activists were subjected to repression. After the Bolshevik massacre in1922 in the East of Ukraine, and in 1939 in the West, the whole burden of «Prosvita» work and book publishing was overtaken by the Ukrainian Diaspora of Europe and America, the great contributions of which we take advantage of until today. The «Prosvita» Society in Ukraine was renewed on June 13, 1988. The Communist authority forbade to hold the foundation meeting of the Shevchenko Association of the Ukrainian Language and in this way provoked the first unsanctioned political meeting, at which the Statute of the Society was adopted. That day became the date of «Prosvita» renewal and the year of 2018 was proclaimed the year of «Prosvita» in Lviv region. ; «Просвіта» – назва українських громадських товариств для масового поширення освіти, культури і національної свідомости серед народу, що діяли з перервами на українських землях і поза межами України з кінця 1868 року і діють донині. Перша «Просвіта» була заснована народовцями у Львові 8 грудня 1868 року і стала згодом наймасовішою організацією Галичини і матірною для багатьох організацій і товариств, котрі пізніше усамостійнились. Діяльність «Просвіти» регламентувалась статутом, зміни до якого вносились у разі необхідності. Кількість членів у перші роки була невеликою: 1869 – 100, 1870 – 204, 1872 – 245, 1874 – 289. За статутом 1891 р. «Просвіта» отримала змогу займатися не тільки просвітництвом селянства і робітництва, але й економічним їх піднесенням. Гасло «Свій до свого по своє!» зробило корисну справу. Товариство щодалі набувало всеукраїнського характеру. За прикладом галицької «Просвіти» постала «Руська Бесіда» на Буковині, а після революції 1905 року почали виникати товариства й на Східній Україні. Їх очолювали видатні письменники, вчені й громадські діячі – Б.Грінченко, Леся Українка, С. Єфремов, М.Коцюбинський, М. Аркас. Російський уряд заборонив їхню діяльність через кілька років після створення. Головами Львівського товариства «Просвіти» у 1868–1939 рр. були Ю. Лаврівський, В. Федорович, О. Огоновський. Ю. Романчук, Є. Олесницький, П.Огоновський, І. Кивелюк, М. Галущинський, І. Брик, Ю. Дзерович, а головами відродженої «Просвіти» – Р. Іваничук, Р.Лубківський, Я. Пітко. У 1912 р. при читальнях «Просвіти» існувало 540 крамниць, 339 дрібних позичкових кас і 121 громадська комора. У віданні Товарситва було три господарсько-торгові школи. У 1869–1918 рр. «Просвіта» видала 477 назв книжок і метеликів накладом близько 3,5 млн. примірників. На 1939 рік товариство нараховувало у своїх лавах 360 тис. членів, що складало 15 відсотків усього дорослого українського населення, а мережею його філій та читалень було охоплено 85 відсотків західноукраїнських земель. Більшовицький режим, що запанував у Західній Україні у вересні 1939 року, ліквідував «Просвіту», а тисячі її активістів було репресовано. Після більшовицьких погромів у 1922 р. на Сході України, а в 1939 р. на західних землях весь тягар просвітницької праці та книгодрукування взяла на себе українська діаспора Європи та Америки, великими здобутками якої ми користуємось і сьогодні. В Україні Товариство «Просвіта» було відроджене 13 червня 1988 року. Заборона комуністичною владою проводити у Львові установчі збори Товариства української мови імені Т. Шевченка спровокували перший несанкціонований мітинг, на якому було прийнято Статут Товариства. Саме цей день і став датою відновлення Львівської «Просвіти», а 2018 рік оголошено на Львівщині обласною радою Роком «Просвіти», 150-ту річницю заснування якої відзначатиме Україна.

The article deals with the image of the last Jagiellonian King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus (1520–1572) as it was commemorated during his five hundredth anniversary in August, 2020. I briefly outline the state of historiography about Augustus in Polish and Ukrainian and then place Sigismund II and his self-fashioning efforts in relation to his contemporaries, namely the Habsburgs. Through three case studies (Augustus' name and its meaning; art collecting practices; the case of the Order of the Golden Fleece), I argue that Augustus' public image and representation should be compared to those of the Habsburgs in order to understand his politics, actions and intentions.

Background. The Ukrainian sociolinguistics, which in Soviet times could not develop normally due to ideological restrictions, nowadays has all the possibilities for a full-fledged development. One of its key figures is Larysa Masenko, known for her work on the analysis of the language situation in Ukraine, the problems of bilingualism, and language policy. This year she celebrates her anniversary.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to cover the academic achievements of L. Masenko, to analyze the basic principles of her sociolinguistic conception, and to characterize the influence of her ideas on the language policy in modern Ukraine.Methods. The study uses biographical methods, methods of analyzing linguistic literature, and generalization of basic ideas.Results. L. Masenko touches upon all the main problems of the functioning of the Ukrainian language. She was one of the first researchers to introduce the major categories of sociolinguistics (language situation, language conflict, language resistance, language policy) into the Ukrainian context. Describing modern language processes, the researcher reproduces their historicalbackground, analyzes in the light of socio-cultural and psycholinguistic approaches. Among the main problems that arise relating to the Ukrainian language, L. Masenko indicates an undermined demographic base, narrowed communicative functions, russification at various language levels, and a significant prevalence of surzhyk. The language situation in Ukraine is aggravated by the fact that for all 27 years of independence, the political elite has not implemented a purposeful language policy that would strengthen the position of Ukrainian.Discussion. The language policy program offered by L. Masenko includes the following main points: 1) the genuine implementation of the state status of Ukrainian; 2) the development of the Ukrainian-language cultural environment; 3) language awareness and language resistance training; 4) the national elite formation. These and other ideas of L. Masenko have found their legislative embodiment.Keywords: Larysa Masenko, the Ukrainian language, sociolinguistics, language policy. ; Висвітлюється науковий доробок Л. Т. Масенко – визначного українського мовознавця, доктора філологічних наук, професора. Проаналізовано основні засади її соціолінгвістичної концепції, схарактеризовано вплив її ідей на мовну політику в сучасній Україні.

Background. The Ukrainian sociolinguistics, which in Soviet times could not develop normally due to ideological restrictions, nowadays has all the possibilities for a full-fledged development. One of its key figures is Larysa Masenko, known for her work on the analysis of the language situation in Ukraine, the problems of bilingualism, and language policy. This year she celebrates her anniversary.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to cover the academic achievements of L. Masenko, to analyze the basic principles of her sociolinguistic conception, and to characterize the influence of her ideas on the language policy in modern Ukraine.Methods. The study uses biographical methods, methods of analyzing linguistic literature, and generalization of basic ideas.Results. L. Masenko touches upon all the main problems of the functioning of the Ukrainian language. She was one of the first researchers to introduce the major categories of sociolinguistics (language situation, language conflict, language resistance, language policy) into the Ukrainian context. Describing modern language processes, the researcher reproduces their historicalbackground, analyzes in the light of socio-cultural and psycholinguistic approaches. Among the main problems that arise relating to the Ukrainian language, L. Masenko indicates an undermined demographic base, narrowed communicative functions, russification at various language levels, and a significant prevalence of surzhyk. The language situation in Ukraine is aggravated by the fact that for all 27 years of independence, the political elite has not implemented a purposeful language policy that would strengthen the position of Ukrainian.Discussion. The language policy program offered by L. Masenko includes the following main points: 1) the genuine implementation of the state status of Ukrainian; 2) the development of the Ukrainian-language cultural environment; 3) language awareness and language resistance training; 4) the national elite formation. These and other ideas of L. Masenko have found their legislative embodiment.Keywords: Larysa Masenko, the Ukrainian language, sociolinguistics, language policy. ; Висвітлюється науковий доробок Л. Т. Масенко – визначного українського мовознавця, доктора філологічних наук, професора. Проаналізовано основні засади її соціолінгвістичної концепції, схарактеризовано вплив її ідей на мовну політику в сучасній Україні.

The author of the article analyzes the collaboration of the domestic and foreign Ukrainians alike in the perennial intellectual support of restoring Ukraine"s independence. The most important figures in this process were: V. Antonovych, M. Hrushevsky, M. Kostomarov, A. Krymsky, M. Maksymovych, I. Ogienko, O. Potebnya; V. Vytvytsky, M. Globenko, V. Holubnychy, S. Hordynsky, E. Glovinsky, D. Dontsov, A. Zhukovsky, Z.E. Kohut, I. Koshelivets, B. Kravtsiv, I. Krypyakevych, V. Kubiyovych, Z. Kuzelya, Y. Kuchabsky, V. Markus, M. Mikhnovsky, O. Ogloblin, E. Onatsky, J. asternak, E.-Yu. Pelensky, V. Petrov, S. Plokhii, N. Polonska-Vasylenko, O. Pritsak, I. Rakovsky, S. Rudnytsky, S. Smal-Stotsky, M. Stakhiv, O. Subtelny, A. Figol, V. Khvoyka, M. Chubaty, V. Shcherbakivsky, S. Yaniv; V. Balushok, V. Baran, M. Braichevsky, I. Gel, P. Grigorenko, J. Dashkevych, I. Dziuba, I. Drach, M. Zhulynsky, L. Zaliznyak, J. Isayevych, J. Kalakura, I. Kandyba, P. Kononenko, L. Lukyanenko, O. Nelga, G. Pivtorak, M. Popovych, O. Romanov, M. Rudenko, E. Sverstyuk, S. Segeda, V. Sergiychuk, V. Smoliy, V. Stus, M. Tymoshyk, V. Chornovil and others.
The publishing of "Encyclopedia of Ukraine" was an extremely important event that became the means to centralize the worldview of the meaning field of the Ukrainian identity. "Encyclopedia of Ukraine" (Professor Volodymyr Kubiyovych, chief editor) is a scientific publication that combines the most significant systemized information in different scientific branches about the Ukrainianship, Ukraine, and Ukrainian world. Since Ukraine's study has a huge worldview potential, it is necessary to further fortify its influence on the forming of a complete worldview and common identity of Ukrainian citizens.
We know that any political, economic, historical, and ethnocultural information requires the meaning processing when it is being studied. Because meaning is a unit of inner world of identity (O. Leontiev), while "the strive for the meaning" is one of the most efficient motivators of person's tendencies, and once it"s gone people get trapped in an existential vacuum, alienation, depression, despair, etc. (V. Frankl). The meaning throughout the entire "Encyclopedia of Ukraine" could become a determinant of the worldview formation of the meaning field in Ukrainian identity (both personal and general). So, "Encyclopedia of Ukraine" with meaningful information and different forms (signs, symbols, images, axiological, etc.) of meaning representation may become a source of Ukraine"s study competency and a system forming factor of centralizing the worldview of the meaning field of the Ukrainian identity, which was provided by the process of intellectual support of Ukraine's independence.