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Anti-Semitism has featured in the history of Western civilisation since the Greeks. What the twentieth century has seen through the lens of the holocaust has been happening for over 3000 years. Dan Cohn-Sherbok traces the origins of anti-Semitism and its manifestations, from political opposition to racial persecution, Cohn-Sherbok describes Jewish emancipation from the late eighteenth century and its gradul transformation into the parallel political and nationalistic ideal of Zionism. This book offers a clear and readable account of why anti-Semitism has featured so strongly in world history a

The Jews are at once privileged and peculiar, possibly blessed, regularly cursed. So why have a few million human beings, of differing appearance, allegiance and ideology been lumped together as 'The Enemy' in so many programmes for salvation, in this world and the next? The rejection of Jesus turned 'the Chosen' into 'the Damned', and in this sense, the rise of Christianity and the damnation of the Jews went hand in hand. Yet both Christianity and Islam cannot entirely deny that their doctrines are based on Judaism. Religious pundits have claimed that the doctrine of anti-Semitism is a feature of the Enlightenment. Now, years later, what Hitler failed to do, others wish to complete. Anti-Judaism had a successor in anti-Semitism, and anti-Semitism has in turn mutated into anti-Israelism. Israel, like 'the Jew', is the target of choice for those who hope to be covered in glory by casting the first stone. In this extraordinary, powerful polemic, celebrated writer Frederic Raphael looks back through two millennia of persecution, explaining not only exactly why it is people have been killing Jews for so long, but how this religion continues to survive and flourish in spite of this history of violence

It is argued that anti-Semitism has to be understood as a myth which legitimizes the devaluation & inequality of Jews. Two core facets of anti-Semitism are differentiated: traditional & transformed anti-Semitism. Traditional anti-Semitism is an overt devaluation & discrimination which is more or less outlawed in Germany. However, many traditional myths on Jews & Judaism are transformed & adjusted to prejudices against Jews & Judaism which seem to be accepted by the majority; e.g., this transformed anti-Semitism is expressed by an anti-Semitic criticism on Israeli policies. Several other facets of transformed anti-Semitism are differentiated. On the background of this differentiation of facets several surveys & polls on anti-Semitism in Germany since the 1990s are reviewed. Additionally results of the German survey on "Group-Focused Enmity" are presented. It is shown that traditional & transformed anti-Semitism are widespread in Germany. Especially male, uneducated & elder respondents seem to be prone to anti-Semitism, but it has to be observed that anti-Semitism is widely shared in the political center. Although there are hints to an increasingly transformed anti-Semitism it is questioned whether this is a new anti-Semitism. It is argued that modern forms of a transformed anti-Semitism have to be analyzed in the context of populism & propaganda. 4 Tables, 57 References. Adapted from the source document.

Alleged policy of Soviet propaganda against Zionism and the state of Israel.

From literary portrayals of 'the Jew' as Biblical traitor or Dickensian villain to the very real atrocities of the Holocaust and the conflicts in Israel and Palestine, the plight of the Jewish people throughout history has been as violent and volatile as the animosity towards the religion itself. Two millennia of prejudice, persecution and purges have turned the 'Chosen People' into 'The Enemy', crudely lumping together generation after generation of men, women and children – of differing ambitions, appearances and allegiances – in gratuitous displays of anti-Semitism. In this powerful polemic, acclaimed writer Frederic Raphael explores the origin, rise and impact of anti-Jewish feeling at a time when religious tensions throughout the world are mounting once more. When did 'the Jew' become the quintessential scapegoat? Why do the western media continue to condemn Israel so enthusiastically? How can we respond to those so eager to complete the mission Hitler began? And yet, at the heart of the debate, one crucial fact endures: in the face of thousands of years of adversity, not only has Judaism survived, but the genius and determination of its people have flourished.

The increase in the number of anti-Semitic acts since the start of the Second Intifada has sparked off a broad debate on the return of anti-Semitism in France. This article focuses on the question whether this anti-Semitism is still based on the alleged superiority of the Aryan race as in the time of Nazism, or if it represents the birth of a "new Judeophobia" that is more based on anti-Zionism and the polemical mixing of "Jews," "Israelis," and "Zionists." One supposed effect of this transformation is that anti-Semitism is in the process of changing camps and migrating from the extreme right to the extreme left of the political arena, to the "altermondialistes," the communists, and the "neo-Trotskyists.". Adapted from the source document.