The article presents a structure and toolset of a STEM lesson in Biology and Health Education (grade 7), which also provides opportunities for implementing co-teaching. The lesson was implemented by a biology and health education teacher with students from "Yane Sandanski" Primary School, Plovdiv. The current problem under consideration is antibiotic resistance of disease-causing bacteria. Students model the effect of an antibiotic on the number of bacteria with different sensitivities. In the course of work, learners actively acquire knowledge, apply skills for calculating probabilities and for graphical presentation of data, and increase their digital skills. They practically go through the stages of scientific research: predict, investigate, analyze and draw conclusions. Critical thinking is developed and students' communication and cooperation skills are enhanced.
Characterization methods for microbial communities present in contaminated soils -- Antibiotic Resistance Genes as contaminants in Industrial Waste Water Treatment -- Bacteriophages: A strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in waste water treatment plants -- The emergence of Waste Water Treatment Plant as a leading source for dissemination of Antibiotic-Resistant Gene -- Increasing Prevalence of Antibiotic-resistant genes in industrial wastewater: impact on public health -- Antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants in industrial waste water treatment -- Characterization and Dynamic Shift of Microbial Communities in wastewater treatment plant.
In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization: the international journal of public health = Bulletin de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Band 101, Heft 4, S. 290-296
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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both animal and human health. In this blog, APHA's Tom Chisnall explains what AMR is and how antibiotic resistant bacteria found in migratory birds, could affect farm livestock.
Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium with significant virulence potential, is the predominant pathogenic bacteria naturally infecting fish. This study aims to identify the antibiogram and heavy metal resistance pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila obtained from both Carassius carassius fish and their surrounding water environment in Lake Tonga, Algeria. A total of 59 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from 168 Carassius carassius samples and 144 waters samples of Lake Tonga. All the strains were tested for resistance to 13 antibiotics and three types of heavy metals (Cobalt, copper and cadmium) using disk diffusion and two-fold agar dilution method, respectively. Clinical macroscopic examination of the fish was also carried out. More than 14% of the examined fishes showed the characteristic clinical signs. Drug screening showed high levels of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, 100% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by cefalotin (91.53%) and ticarcillin (88.14%). More than 40% of the strains exhibited resistance against gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing of A. hydrophila strains showed that all of them originated from high-risk sources. Among tested heavy metals, bacterial isolates exhibited resistant pattern of Co>Cu >Cd. A positive correlation was observed between antimicrobial resistance and metal tolerance (Odds Ratio>0.1). These resistant profiles could be useful information to avoid unnecessary use of chemical and antimicrobial products in the aquatic environment and to provide a novel approach to manage bacterial infection in fish.
AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the declining effectiveness of antibiotic medicines due to misuse are among the biggest threats to global health and a major challenge for global governance in this century. Since drug-resistant bacteria spread easily across borders, government policies that exacerbate or mitigate AMR affect other countries. International organizations and governments addressed the global public good of maintaining antimicrobial protection by creating a soft governance regime largely devoid of legally binding rules and enforcement mechanisms. This article presents a cross-national empirical assessment of the effectiveness of the international AMR regime combining novel data on national action plans and data on antibiotic consumption in 191 countries between 2000 and 2018. We find that the regime sets ambitious goals and achieves broad participation, substantial implementation, and meaningful change in the use of antibiotics. The involvement of the largest consumers of antibiotics has been crucial for both effectiveness and equity.
On 15 October 2020, in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Souha Kanj received a Radboud honorary doctorate in recognition of her achievements in the field of infection control and prevention, efforts in antimicrobial stewardship, and research on various infectious diseases, particularly antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. This edition includes the laudatio and the speech of our honorary doctor. Kanj published the first overview of antibiotic resistance in Arab countries and discovered differences between neighboring countries in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. She also developed infection prevention monitoring and education programs for healthcare workers, and private organizations in the Arab world. Thanks to her efforts, Lebanon has signed the WHO pledge for hand hygiene. Kanj is not only commended for her expertise, didactic skills, and contribution to medicine, but also for her resilience and strong belief in making a positive impact, despite the difficult journey she has been through, having studied during the Lebanese civil war and being faced with numerous challenges that hit Lebanon and the region after that.
"This book provides an authoritative overview of emerging pollutants in sewage sludge and soils. It traces the latest research and new trends on the characterization, removal and treatment of such pollutants in urban and industrial sewage sludge and soils. The book covers topics such as antibiotic resistance, fate and environmental impact of contaminants of emerging concern, environmental transmission of human pathogenic viruses and their effect on soil, and the repercussion of various emerging pollutants on biodiversity. It also offers a case study of the epidemiology-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and sludge. The book appeals not only to researchers and professionals working with emerging contaminants, but also to policy makers and a broader audience interested in learning more about the effects of these contaminants in human and environmental health."--
Chapter 1_ Recent developments in Biosensor Technology for Fisheries and Aquaculture -- Chapter 2_Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Technology in Fish -- Chapter 3_ Nano-technological applications in Aquatic Health Management -- Chapter 4_Phenotypic plasticity and transgenerational immune priming: opportunities and potential in fisheries -- Chapter 5_Heat shock proteins in stress response: a promising tool for fish health management -- Chapter 6_Immunostimulants: Boon for disease management in Aquaculture -- Chapter 7_Molecular markers and their application in fisheries and aquaculture -- Chapter 8_Applications of Electronics in Fisheries and Aquaculture -- Chapter 9_Metatranscriptomics: A tool to study the host-microbe interactions and functional profile of fish intestinal microbiota under changing environmental conditions -- Chapter 10_Bioremediation and its application in aquaculture -- Chapter 11_Application of Probiotics in Aquaculture -- Chapter 12_Identifying novel antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs): Important aspect of metagenomic research.
Antibiotic resistance occurs worldwide, and has become a threat to humankind. Previous data have shown that antimicrobial resistance is a global issue demanding immediate resolution because it threatens the environment and society. The present work thus investigated the synergistic effects of commercial Garcinia mangostana L. (GML) extract and amoxicillin on the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial cells. A commercial GML extract was screened for phytochemical properties, and the presence of α-mangostin was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antibacterial activity of the commercial GML extract with amoxicillin was analysed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and checkerboard assays. The morphology ultrastructure of bacteria was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), after treatment with commercial GML extract, either single or in combination with amoxicillin. The MICs of amoxicillin and commercial GML extract against MRSA bacteria were 250.00 and 137.50 μg/mL, respectively. The checkerboard assay showed synergistic activity in the combination of commercial GML extract (34.38 µg/mL) and amoxicillin (62.50 µg/mL) at fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of < 0.5. Damage to the structure of bacteria occurred due to the commercial GML extract plus amoxicillin. It was observed that the loss of bacterial cell membranes led to an irregular bacterial structure. These findings provided evidence that the combination of commercial GML extract and amoxicillin could reverse bacterial resistance in order to determine the susceptibility of traditional drugs.
AbstractThis article is an example of 'Lessons from the Field'. The likelihood of future novel diseases, like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is extremely high due to global travel, increased antibiotic resistance, and vaccine hesitancy of common viruses based on attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine. Therefore, local and state health departments should incorporate lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic into their operational planning. At the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, most health departments in Illinois served as direct points‐of‐distribution for dispensing vaccine. The DuPage County Health Department (DCHD), however, chose to distribute vaccine through a hub‐and‐spoke model in which an established network of providers throughout the county administered vaccine based on availability and need. By decentralizing vaccine distribution, DCHD put vaccine in the areas of greatest need while also reducing the burden of transportation for vulnerable populations. Moreover, the hub‐and‐spoke model may have contributed to health equity due to the variety of providers in the network who were trusted among hesitant individuals within the community. By summer 2021, DuPage County ranked in the top 2% of US counties with eligible residents vaccinated against COVID‐19.
Part1. Soil Pollution by Micro and Nanoplastics -- Chapter1. Soil Pollution by Micro and Nanoplastics: An overview -- Chapter2. Soil Pollution by Micro and Nanoplastics: Sources, Fate and Impact -- Chapter3. Abundance and Distribution of MPs and NPs in Soil – A Global Scenario -- Chapter4. Methodology of assessing micro plastics and nano plastics in the environment -Recent advances in the practical approaches -- Chapter5. Persistence of Micro and Nanoplastics in Soil -- Chapter6. Microplastics as a carrier of antibiotic resistance genes - a revision of literatureiz -- Part2. Trophic transfer of Micro and Nanoplastics -- Chapter7. Phytoaccumulation of Micro and Nanoplastics: Root Uptake -- Part3. Toxicity of Micro and Nanoplastics -- Chapter8. Toxicity Effects of Micro and Nanoplastics in Terrestrial Environment -- Chapter9. Ecological Impacts and Toxicity of Micro and Nanoplastics in Agroecosystem -- Chapter10. Micro and Nanoplastics on Plant Functionalities -- Chapter11. Cellular and Animal Toxicities of Micro and Nanoplastics -- Part4. Bioremediation of Micro and Nano plastics- polluted soil -- Chapter12. Restoration of Micro/Nanoplastics-contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation -- Chapter13. Bacterial Remediation of Micro/Nanoplastics-contaminated soil -- Chapter14. Mycoremediation of Micro and Nano Plastics (MNPs) – contaminated Soils -- Chapter15. Emerging Techniques for the Mitigation of Micro and Nanoplastics in Soil -- Chapter16. Micro and Nanoplastics in Agricultural Soils: Challenges and Future directions.
A septicemia é uma reação sistêmica frente a presença de microrganismos, ou toxinas provenientes destes, na corrente sanguínea. Os agentes comumente diagnosticados tendem a ser os mesmos presentes no ambiente em que o potro vive, sendo em sua maioria bactérias gram-negativas. A resposta clínica é bastante variável e depende da duração e intensidade da infecção. Inicialmente, pode cursar com sinais inespecíficos como apatia, prostração, diminuição da frequência de ingestão de leite e picos febris, podendo agravar conforme a evolução e aumento da resposta inflamatória. O tratamento compreende terapia suporte, antimicrobianos de amplo espectro e terapia complementar. A taxa de sobrevivência de potros com sepse é bastante variável, sendo descrita de 10 a 70% dependendo dos critérios diagnósticos e terapêuticos adotados. Foram incluídos no artigo somente estudos que abordaram diferentes patógenos causadores de septicemia neonatal equina, bem como os aspectos terapêuticos e prognóstico desta afecção. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Beva e Pubmed com o auxílio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECS), vocabulário controlado bilíngue baseado no MeSH (Medical Subject Heading ou U.S National Library of Medicine e seus sinônimos de acordo com as diferentes bases de dados. Dentre 773 estudos encontrados, nove foram selecionados e mostram que os fatores de risco e predisponentes influenciam diretamente o prognóstico e eficácia do tratamento, as associações antimicrobianas utilizadas ainda são eficazes contra a maioria dos agentes isolados na septicemia neonatal equina, e as eutanásias ou óbitos apresentados não foram relacionados à resistência bacteriana.
Abstract Septicemia is a systemic reaction to the presence of microorganisms, or its toxins in the bloodstream. The agents commonly diagnosed tend to be the same ones present in the environment in which the foal lives, being mostly gram-negative bacteria. The clinical response is quite variable and depends on the duration and intensity of the infection. Initially, it may present with nonspecific signs such as apathy, prostration, decreased frequency of milk intake and fever peaks, which may worsen as the inflammatory response progresses. Treatment comprises supportive therapy, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, and complementary therapy. The survival rate of foals with sepsis varies, ranging from 10 to 70% depending on the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria adopted. Furthermore, only studies that addressed different pathogens that cause equine neonatal septicemia, as well as the therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this condition, were included in this paper. The search was performed in the Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, Beva and Pubmed databases with Health Science Descriptors (DECS) help, bilingual controlled vocabulary based on MeSH (Medical Subject Heading or U.S National Library of Medicine and its synonyms). according to different databases. Among 773 studies found, nine were selected and showed that risk factors and predisposing factors directly influence the prognosis and efficacy of treatment, the antimicrobial associations used are still effective against most of the agents isolated in equine neonatal septicemia, and the euthanasia or deaths presented were not related to bacterial resistance.