Die folgenden Links führen aus den jeweiligen lokalen Bibliotheken zum Volltext:
Alternativ können Sie versuchen, selbst über Ihren lokalen Bibliothekskatalog auf das gewünschte Dokument zuzugreifen.
Bei Zugriffsproblemen kontaktieren Sie uns gern.
In: Choice Architecture in Democracies, S. 285-308
In: The Sustainable Laboratory Handbook, S. 37-42
In: Bulletin de la Classe des Beaux-Arts, Band 53, Heft 1, S. 252-262
In: Latino Studies
This bibliography addresses the discourse between Latina/o/xs and various architectural and spatial traditions. In the architectural context of the United States, Latina/o/x communities have struggled to carve a space for themselves, sometimes described as a third, subaltern, or alter/native space. Peoples of Latin American descent have experienced persecution in certain architectural settings, operating in consort with state strategies to stereotype, relegate, and criminalize Latina/o/x bodies. Examples here include the border wall dividing the United States and Mexico, urban development projects that segregate and displace historic populations, prison systems holding disproportionate numbers of minorities, and border facilities designed to control and contain immigrant communities. State-sponsored violence—witnessed historically in public lynchings during the 19th century and police brutality used to suppress the Chicano Movement of the 1960s—has likewise produced a feeling that architectural environments, particularly those in the public sphere, remain out of reach for Latina/o/xs. Yet, the architectural history of Latina/o/xs can be said to precede the formation of the United States by more than a thousand years, particularly if we consider the broader history of architecture in the Americas and the Caribbean. It is a history that reaches back to ancient monumental sites of Indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica, the Andes, Amazon, Caribbean, and US Southwest. It projects forward through Spanish and Portuguese urbanization during the colonial period, including African influences that accompanied the trauma of slavery in the Americas after 1492, and Asian material cultures that followed indentured laborers during the 19th century. It is a history that moves forward through nationalist beaux-arts and neoclassic works of the 19th and early 20th centuries into the international modernist styles of the mid- to late 20th century, associated with notable architects like Luis Barragán of Mexico and Oscar Niemeyer of Brazil, among many others. Those architects of the modern era produced spaces that would include multiple publics in a bid to rethink national identities in places like Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico. Haunted by the socio-racial and gendered hierarchies of the colonial era, modern architects strove toward utopic decolonial solutions in the built environment. We might productively place Latina/o/x architecture within those histories of the wider hemisphere, as a facet of that striving toward a decolonial future. There are political, cultural, and historical reasons, however, to study Latina/o/x architecture on its own terms. To do so requires us to critically assess the limits of categories like "Latin American" and "Latina/o/x," which are often confused, disputed, and in flux. These categories impossibly encompass huge and diverse populations. The term "Latin American" attempts to define peoples and cultures across the Spanish-, French-, and Portuguese-speaking Americas and Caribbean, while "Latina/o/x" describes members of the Latin American diaspora, particularly in the United States. Within these shifting terms of inclusion and exclusion, Latin American architecture has received notably more attention in scholarly literature, to the detriment of Latina/o/x contributions. This is, in part, because of historic discrimination faced by immigrants from Latin America in the United States and elsewhere. It also reveals a lacuna in histories of architecture more broadly, and the practice of architecture itself, which has tended to be dominated by heteronormative, white, Anglo-male norms and narratives. In the early 21st century, Latina/o/xs account for less than 10 percent of registered architects in the United States according to the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Nonetheless, with a population at nearly 40 million, Latina/o/xs are the largest minority group in the United States, projected to comprise a quarter of the population by the year 2050. The lack of representation in the field of architecture, compared to demographic realities, makes clear why the study of Latina/o/x architecture is of critical importance. The following bibliography works against social and historical factors that would ignore or erase Latina/o/xs from architectural discourse. This bibliography will focus on major works of scholarship that discuss Latina/o/xs as both users and producers of architecture. Special attention is paid to the ethnic and cultural diversity of Latina/o/x architecture, from the largest historic populations of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba to the vernacular building practices and decolonial aesthetics of an increasingly transcultural and transregional Latina/o/x population.
As we move further into the 21st century, architects, planners, landscape architects and the general public are increasingly concerned with climate change, environmental degradation, energy and water consumption and the role the built environment plays in contributing to or addressing these issues. Buildings consume almost 40% of the energy used in this country. The way we access buildings, the materials used to construct them, the demands of users within the building all require the earth's increasingly precious resources. So how did we get here? How did our built environment evolve to require so much energy, water and so many resources? It is easy to think that our environmental concerns regarding architecture's role in the environment are new to society. However, environmental worries are not new. This course explores the history of sustainable architecture with a look back to vernacular building styles and passive design strategies that addressed climatic factors. We will investigate the Industrial Revolution as it transformed buildings and transportation and study the varied responses to the degradation of the natural world through the Arts and Crafts Movement and writers and thinkers of the 19th century. We will contrast our study of early environmentalists and their ideas for the built environment with more mainstream efforts of architects and designers of the 19th and 20th centuries, including Frank Lloyd Wright and le Corbusier, to better understand the formation of architecture's historical cannon and the environmental outliers who critiqued the dangers of the 'Machine Age.' We will then explore more accelerated trends of the 1960s and '70s that paralleled the birth of modern environmentalism in the wake of exposés such as Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Finally, the course will conclude with an examination of recent ideas surrounding 'green' buildings such as LEED certification and the Living Building Challenge. Understanding the history of the built environment offers a powerful lens for understanding our environmental future. Such history shows us our mistakes and successes and will help us move forward thinking critically about how we can live in the future. "History is not everything, but it is a starting point. History is a clock that people use to tell their political and cultural time of day. It is a compass they use to find themselves on the map of human geography. It tells them where they are but, more importantly, what they must be." John Henrik Clarke The course will include guest speakers, lectures on Mondays and Wednesdays, and discussions about readings on Fridays (in Dickinson 109). There will be a mid-term and final, and two written assignments: one a short, written response and the second, a longer research paper.
BASE
Academia did San Luca later served model for the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded in France in 1648, and which later became the Académie des beaux-arts brought revolutionary development of the European architecture which lead to the development of philosophical schools over the world. The Industrial Revolution was a one of the pivoting points in human history and cultural. Idea of a professional architect with formal training and academic qualifications is a product of the 19th century, when architectural courses were instituted for the first time at the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts in Paris and later at the Architectural Association in London in 1847. Developing academic qualification result in new trends of architectural theory that differentiates between a building and "a piece of architecture", which was about aesthetics and experience of architecture movement and impact of philosophical and intellectual basis for architecture education. The ever growing socio, economic and political interest among the intellectuals at the turn of the 19th century and the ever growing number of artists and architect embracing had resulted in new architectural trends away from wealthy clients. These trends were introducing an architecture that was meant to address working class and develop economical architecture that copes with them. These movements included: Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau and the Bauhaus. In the United States of America, the Bauhaus principles revolutionized art education, previously dominated by the Beaux-Arts method. Bauhaus influence in education and in practice, the modernist movement flourished. The Bauhaus movement became responsible for the modern face of architecture in many of the American cities such as Chicago and New York. Chicago has been described as "row upon row of Mies vander Rohe buildings" By means of discussing the development of the different philosophical schools and relating them to different architectural movements and the architects who embraced these philosophical ideas ...
BASE
In: Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture 21
Multithreaded architectures now appear across the entire range of computing devices, from the highest-performing general purpose devices to low-end embedded processors. Multithreading enables a processor core to more effectively utilize its computational resources, as a stall in one thread need not cause execution resources to be idle. This enables the computer architect to maximize performance within area constraints, power constraints, or energy constraints. However, the architectural options for the processor designer or architect looking to implement multithreading are quite extensive and varied, as evidenced not only by the research literature but also by the variety of commercial implementations. This book introduces the basic concepts of multithreading, describes the a number of models of multithreading, and then develops the three classic models (coarse-grain, fine-grain, and simultaneous multithreading) in greater detail. It describes a wide variety of architectural and software design tradeoffs, as well as opportunities specific to multithreading architectures. Finally, it details a number of important commercial and academic hardware implementations of multithreading
World Affairs Online
In: Regards: les idées en mouvements ; mensuel communiste, Heft 62, S. 53-55
ISSN: 1262-0092
Comment redéfinir les rapports entre architecture et idéologie aujourd'hui ? Quelles relations peut-on envisager entre elles, après plusieurs décennies durant lesquelles les architectes et les critiques ont docilement accepté les discours prônant la fin des idéologies ? Comment cerner le pouvoir et l'influence des forces invisibles et collectives qui façonnent l'architecture, de l'intérieur comme de l'extérieur ? Ce livre répond à ces questions en témoignant des différentes positions qui se sont exprimées lors du colloque "Architecture et idéologies" qui s'est déroulé à l'école d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais et l'École d'architecture de la ville et des territoires Paris-Est