Suchergebnisse

The coastal fisheries of the world, defined as fisheries that occur up to 50 km from inhabited coastlines or down to a depth of 200 m, whichever comes first (i.e., 3% of the global ocean), currently catch between 50 and 60 million tons per year, that is, about 50% of the global marine catch as reconstructed by the Sea Around Us (www.seaaroundus.org). One-third to half of this catch originates from small-scale fisheries (artisanal, subsistence, and recreational) which, however, do not receive as much attention from governmental management agencies as do the industrial fisheries that compete with small-scale fisheries. Coastal fisheries exhibit strong fishing down effects and their catch composition is changing due to global warming. Ensuring their future probably lies in phasing out coastal industrial fisheries and encouraging artisanal fisheries instead.

"Between the Plough and the Pick deepens our understanding of informal, artisanal and small-scale mining, popularly known as ASM. The book engages with wider scholarly conceptualisations of contemporary global social, agrarian and political changes, whilst underlining the roles that local social‑political-historical contexts play in shaping mineral extractive processes and practices. It shows that the people who are engaged in these mining practices are often the poorest and most exploited labourers—erstwhile peasants caught in the vortex of global change, who perform the most insecure and dangerous tasks. Although these people are located at the margins of mainstream economic life, they collectively produce enormous amounts of diverse material commodities and find a livelihood (and often a pathway out of oppressive poverty). The contributions to this book bring these people to the forefront of debates on resource politics. The contributors are international scholars and practitioners who explore the complexities in the histories, in labour and production practices, the forces driving such mining, the creative agency and capacities of these miners, as well as the human and environmental costs of ASM. They show how these informal, artisanal and small‑scale miners are inextricably engaged with, or bound to, global commodity values, are intimately involved in the production of new extractive territories and rural economies, and how their labour reshapes agrarian communities and landscapes of resource access and control.
This book drives home the understanding that, collectively, this social and economic milieu redefines our conceptualisation of resource politics, mineral‑dependent livelihoods, extractive geographies of resources and commodities, and their multiple meanings."

Le Burkina Faso des années 2000 a connu un véritable boom du secteur minier, aussi bien dans l'exploitation industrielle que celle artisanale. L'orpaillage traditionnelle présente une caractéristique clé de l'exploitation de l'or au Burkina Faso. Malgré ses effets environnementaux et sociaux indésirables, l'orpaillage constitue une source de revenue et de développement importante en milieu rural. En 2017, l'Agence Nationale d'Encadrement de l'Exploitation Minière Artisanale et Semi-mécanisée (ANEEMAS) a été suscitée comme nouvelle structure par l'Etat du Burkina Faso et ses partenaires pour promouvoir la formalisation de l'exploitation artisanale. Cependant, elle rencontre aussi des réactions et sentiments ambivalents du côté des acteurs de l'exploitation minière artisanale. C'est dans ce contexte qu'intervient la présente étude par la description du secteur, des acteurs de la chaîne opératoire de l'exploitation artisanale et leur vécu quotidien. Elle présente, en outre, une analyse de la politique d'encadrement de l'exploitation minière artisanale à travers l'ANEEMAS, la perception des acteurs impliqués dans la chaîne opératoire sur le terrain et propose des amélioraitions d'accompagnement des mineur.euse.s. ; Burkina Faso has experienced a veritable boom in the industrial and artisanal mining sector since the 2000s. Artisinal and small-scale mining (ASM) is a key feature of gold mining in Burkina Faso. Despite the negative environmental and social impacts, ASM represents a key source of income and contributes significantly to the development in rural areas. In 2017, the National Agency for the Management of Artisanal and Semi-Mecanical Mining (Agence Nationale d'Encadrement de l'Exploitation Minière Artisanale et Semi-mécanisée, ANEEMAS) was established by the Burkinabe state in order to create a new structure promoting the formalisation of artisanal mining. However, ANEEMAS also encounters ambivalent reactions and feelings on the part of actors in artisanal mining. The study presents an analysis of the sector, the actors in the production chain in ASM and the working conditions on ASM sites. Furthermore, it analyses the political framework for ASM provided by ANEEMAS as well as the perception of the actors involved in the production chain on the ground, and suggests an improved support of artisanal miners.