Suchergebnisse

Reports on the many initiatives under the Environmental Protection Agency, including Energy Star, Methane Emissions reduction programs, CO2 emissions reduction programs, etc. Provides economic and emission reduction statistics and other quantifiable measures of achievement.

Air quality in subway systems is of interest not only because particulate matter (PM) concentrations can be high, but also because of the peculiarly metalliferous chemical character of the particles, most of which differ radically from those of outdoor ambient air. We report on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 samples collected in the Barcelona subway system in different types of stations. The PM chemical composition of these samples showed typically high concentrations of Fe, Total Carbon, Ba, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cr sourced from rail tracks, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. Two toxicological indicators of oxidative activity, ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation (expressed as OPAA μg−1 or OPAA m−3) and glutathione (GSH) oxidation (expressed as OPGSH μg−1 or OPGSH m−3), showed low OP for all samples (compared with outdoor air) but considerable variation between stations (0.9–2.4 OPAA μg−1; 0.4–1.9 OPGSH μg−1). Results indicate that subway PM toxicity is not related to variations in PM2.5 concentrations produced by ventilation changes, tunnel works, or station design, but may be affected more by the presence of metallic trace elements such as Cu and Sb sourced from brakes and pantographs. The OP assays employed do not reveal toxic effects from the highly ferruginous component present in subway dust. © 2016 The Authors ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds (METRO CGL2012-33066 ), the I MPROVE LIFE Project ( LIFE13 ENV/ES/000263 ) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013 ) under grant agreement no. 315760 HEXACOMM. Support is also acknowledged to Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR33 . Fulvio Amato is beneficiary of an AXA Research Fund postdoctoral grant . In the UK the research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or Public Health England. Special thanks to Wes Gibbons for improving an early draft of the manuscript. Appendix A ; Peer reviewed

environmental management; air quality control; air pollution; climate change; agriculture; atmospheric protection; soil science; conservation

The destruction of the ozone layer, together with global warming, is one of the hot environmental topics of today. This book examines the effect of human activities on atmospheric ozone, namely the increase of tropospheric ozone and the general diminution of stratospheric ozone and the production of the Antarctic ozone hole. Also discussed is the role of remote sensing techniques in the understanding of the effects of human activities on atmospheric ozone as well as in the development of social and political awareness of the damage to the ozone layer by man-made chemicals, principally CFCs. Th

Development Economics, Atmospheric Protection / Air Quality Control / Air Pollution, Urban Studies/Sociology, Social Choice/Welfare Economics/Public Choice, Group Theory and Generalizations, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

This thesis presents research focusing on the improvement of high-resolution global black carbon (BC) emission inventory and application in assessing the population exposure to ambient BC. A particular focus of the thesis is on the construction of a high-resolution (both spatial and sectorial) fuel consumption database, which is used to develop the emission inventory of black carbon. Above all, the author updates the global emission inventory of black carbon, a resource subsequently used to study the atmospheric transport of black carbon over Asia with the help of a high-resolution nested model. The thesis demonstrates that spatial bias in fuel consumption and BC emissions can be reduced by means of the sub-national disaggregation approach. Using the inventory and nested model, ambient BC concentrations can be better validated against observations. Lastly, it provides a complete uncertainty analysis of global black carbon emissions, and this uncertainty is taken into account in the atmospheric modeling, helping to better understand the role of black carbon in regional and global air pollution

Успадкована Україною спотворена структура промисловості, із перевантаженням брудних металургійних, хімічних та гірничорудних підприємств зумовила погіршення стану повітряного середовища. Основними джерелами антропогенного забруднення атмосфери є: виробники енергії, усі промислові об'єкти, сільське господарство, військова промисловість і військові об'єкти, транспорт, гірниче виробництво та ін. Вони забруднюють атмосферу сотнями токсичних речовин, та шкідливими фізичними полями, шумами, вібраціями, теплом тощо. За кількістю промислового забруднення на душу населення Україна посідає одне з перших місць в Європі. Захист атмосферного повітря є однією з найбільш актуальних проблем у сучасному технологічному суспільстві, оскільки науково-технічний прогрес і розширення виробництва пов'язане зі зростанням негативних антропогенних впливів на атмосферу. The hereditary structure of industry, inherited by Ukraine, with the overload of dirty metallurgical, chemical and mining enterprises caused deterioration of the atmospheric environment. The main sources of anthropogenic pollution of the atmosphere aіre: energy producers; all industrial objects; agriculture; military industry and military facilities; transport; production. They pollute the atmosphere with hundreds of toxic substances, harmful physical fields, noise, oscillations, heat, and the like. By the number of industrial pollution per capita, Ukraine is one of the first places in Europe. Protection of atmospheric air is one of the most pressing problems in modern technological society, as scientific and technological progress and expansion of production is associated with an increase in negative human-induced impacts on the atmosphere.

The commercially available filtering half masks designed to protect against smog do not meet the requirements for protection against aerosols (dusts, fumes), and even more so, against chemical substances found in the smog; often do not have the CE marking. The article presents legal requirements and presents the basic methods for assessment the effectiveness of such half masks, so that it is a safe for a potential user. The influence of the half mask construction on the protective and functional parameters was described. It is very important to use adequate filtering half mask with CE mark when so-called Smog is present in the atmospheric air.

This paper presents the results of the examinations of TBC ZrO2MgO / MgZrO3NiCr / NiCr thermal barrier layers deposited by the plasma spray process at the atmospheric pressure on substrates of Al alloys. In order to obtain the structural and mechanical properties of layers, which will provide a good heat and abrasion protection of the tail elevators of aircraft J-22 when firing "Lightning" and "Thunder" rockets, the deposition of three powder types was performed on 0.6 mm thick Al alloy substrates. This study describes a procedure of using triple-layer TBC coatings as a good combination among many available ones, which gives a good compromise between thermal protection and resistance to abrasion for protecting aircraft tail elevators. The study is mainly based on the experimental approach. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of layers was done by the examination of microhardness by method HV0.3 and bond strength on the tensile machine. The structure of layers was examined by the method of light microscopy while the surface of ZrO2MgO ceramic layers was examined by the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The thermal protection of TBC layers and resistance to abrasion were tested in the tunnel of the Military Technical Institute, Zarkovo. The obtained characteristics of the surface layers and the rocket firing simulations have proven the triple-layer system of TBC coatings reliable.

In this article, we analyse changes in the circulation of advertisements of policing products at security expos between 1995 and 2013. While the initial aim of the research was to evidence shifts in terrorist frames in the marketing of policing equipment before and after 9/11, our findings instead suggested that what we are seeing is the rise of marketing to police as "vulnerable warriors", law enforcement officers in need of military weapons both for their offensive capabilities and for the protection they can offer to a police force that is always under threat.

Development of efficient plant protection methods against bacterial phytopathogens subjected to compulsory control procedures under international legislation is of the highest concern having in mind expensiveness of enforced quarantine measures and threat of the infection spread in disease-free regions. In this study, fructose-stabilized silver nanoparticles (FRU-AgNPs) were produced using direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) generated between the surface of a flowing liquid anode (FLA) solution and a pin-type tungsten cathode in a continuous flow reaction-discharge system. Resultant spherical and stable in time FRU-AgNPs exhibited average sizes of 14.9 ± ; 7.9 nm and 15.7 ± ; 2.0 nm, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis revealed that the obtained nanomaterial was composed of Ag while selected area electron diffraction (SAED) indicated that FRU-AgNPs had the face-centered cubic crystalline structure. The fabricated FRU-AgNPs show antibacterial properties against Erwinia amylovora, Clavibacter michiganensis, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Dickeya solani strains with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.64 to 13.1 mg L&minus ; 1 and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) from 3.29 to 26.3 mg L&minus ; 1. Application of FRU-AgNPs might increase the repertoire of available control procedures against most devastating phytopathogens and as a result successfully limit their agricultural impact.

This paper presents the results of the examinations of TBC - ZrO2MgO / MgZrO3NiCr / NiCr thermal barrier layers deposited by the plasma spray process at the atmospheric pressure on substrates of Al alloys. In order to obtain the structural and mechanical properties of layers, which will provide a good heat and abrasion protection of the tail elevators of aircraft J-22 when firing '.Lightning' and 'Thunder' rockets, the deposition of three powder types was performed on 0.6 mm thick Al alloy substrates. This study describes a procedure of using triple-layer TBC coatings as a good combination among many available ones, which gives a good compromise between thermal protection and resistance to abrasion for protecting aircraft tail elevators. The study is mainly based on the experimental approach. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of layers was done by the examination of microhardness by method HV0.3 and bond strength on the tensile machine. The structure of layers was examined by the method of light microscopy while the surface of ZrO2MgO ceramic layers was examined by the method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The thermal protection of TBC layers and resistance to abrasion were tested in the tunnel of the Military Technical Institute, Zarkovo. The obtained characteristics of the surface layers and the rocket firing simulations have proven the triple-layer system of TBC coatings reliable.