Suchergebnisse

Published online: 02 November 2021 ; The article surveys the social and military history of Austria-Hungary during the First World War. The war brought a harsh military dictatorship along with innovations in economy, labor deployment, gender conventions, and the elaboration of camps meant for specific populations (POW, refugee, deported). In 1917 a new ruler reined in the military dictatorship, amnestied political prisoners, and added programs in public welfare. However, ongoing catastrophic shortages in food and energy supplies as well as the legacies of the abandoned rule of law in 1914-16 and harsh military discipline all led to the gradual disintegration of the empire in October 1918.