Suchergebnisse

AbstractPseudosluicing diagnostics have played an important role in wider debates about sluicing. Sluicing is the term used to describe the deletion of an embedded clausal constituent, which leaves only a wh‐phrase overt. Genuine sluicing requires syntactic or semantic identity between the sluiced clause and its antecedent, contrasting with pseudosluicing, in which pro‐drop creates the appearance of a sluice but no identity is required. The underlying structure of sluicing in several Austronesian languages has been argued to be pseudoclefts, which involve a nominal wh‐predicate and a headless relative clause argument. Both Malagasy and Nukuoro have been analysed as having pseudocleft sluicing, and on the basis of this, claims about the type of identity required in sluicing have been made. Both analyses rely on diagnostics that rule out the possibility of pseudosluicing. This paper reexamines the pseudosluicing diagnostics used for Malagasy and Nukuoro and concludes that they have been insufficiently controlled for. This is supported by data from Madurese showing that pseudosluicing diagnostics are inconclusive in these Austronesian languages. Language‐internal support is needed for such diagnostics, especially as they play an important role in the conclusions drawn from Austronesian languages on the wider identity requirement for sluicing. Three language‐specific diagnostics are given which are successfully able to identify pseudosluicing in Madurese.

This is the eighth volume in the Comparative Austronesian series. The papers in this volume examine metaphors of path and journey among specific Austronesian societies located on islands from Taiwan to Timor and from Madagascar to Micronesia. These diverse local expressions define common cultural conceptions found throughout the Austronesian-speaking world.

Austronesian languages have long raised interesting questions for generative theories of syntax and morphology. The papers in this volume encompass some of these traditional questions and place them in newer theoretical contexts. Some of the papers also address new issues which add to our understanding of members of this language family on one side and the nature of linguistic theories on the other. There are three broad issues that re-occur throughout the volume - the role and analysis of verbal morphology, the nature of the subject or the topic in these languages, and the interaction of syntax and specificity. The papers in this volume show that as formal theories become more precise, a wider range of language data can be captured, and as the inventory of language data grows, the accuracy of formal linguistic theories improves

Precedence in perspective /James J. Fox --Origin and precedence: the construction and distribution of status in the highlands of Bali /Thomas A. Reuter --Distinguishing hierarchy and precedence: comparing status distinctions in South Asia and the Austronesian world, with special reference to South Sulawesi /Greg Acciaioli --The discourse and practice of precedence /James J. Fox --Trunk and tip in West Timor: orecedence in a botanical idiom /Andrew McWilliam --Precedence in the formation of the domain of Wai Brama and the Rajadom of Sikka /E.D. Lewis --Precedence, contestation, and the deployment of sacred authority in a Florenese village /David Butterworth --A tale of two villages: hierarchy and precedence in Keo dual organization (Flores, Indonesia) /Gregory Forth --Hierarchy, precedence and values: scopes for social action in Ngadhaland, Central Flores /Olaf H. Smedal --Hierarchy and precedence in Keiese Origin myths /Timo Kaartinen --Contestations: dynamics of precedence in an eastern Indonesian domain /Michael P. Vischer.

This collection of papers is the seventh volume in the Comparative Austronesian series. The papers in this volume focus on societies from Sumatra to Melanesia and examine the expression and patterning of Austronesian thought and emotions.

This collection of papers is the sixth volume in the Comparative Austronesian series. The papers that comprise this volume examine the concept of precedence as a form of local discourse and as a mechanism for ordering status, at different levels, within specific Austronesian-speaking societies. This is the first volume of its kind to focus entirely on precedence and to provide an explication of its social uses and the way in which it is contested. Each paper is ethnographically-focused and offers its own distinctive approach to the examination of precedence. The papers, however, relate closely to one another and are thus able to proffer a variety of comparative reflections.

Anthropology; Archeology; Social life; Customs; History; Asia; Madagascar; Islands of the pacific

Introduction /James J. Fox --Hierarchy, founder ideology and Austronesian expansion /Peter Bellwood --The elder and the younger -- foreign and autochthonous origin and hierarchy in the Cook Islands /Jukka Siikala --Rank, hierarchy and routes of migration: chieftainship in the central Caroline Islands of Micronesia /Ken-ichi Sudo --"All threads are white": Iban egalitarianism reconsidered /Clifford Sather --Origin, hierarchy and egalitarianism among the Mandaya of Southeast Mindanao, Philippines /Aram A. Yengoyan --The transformation of progenitor lines of origin: patterns of precedence in eastern Indonesia /James J. Fox --Origin structures and precedence in the social orders of Tana 'Ai and Sikka /E.D. Lewis --Precedence among the domains of the three hearth stones /Michael P. Vischer --The founding of the house and the source of life: two complementary origin structures in Buru society /Barbara Dix Grimes --Histories of diversity, hierarchies of unity: the politics of origins in a south-west Moluccan Village /Sandra Pannell --Rivals and wives: affinal politics and the Tongan ramage /Aletta Biersack --The politics of marriage and the marriage of polities in Gowa, South Sula Wesi, during the 16th and 17th centuries /F. David Bulbeck --The cultural construction of rank, identity and ethnic origins in the Sulu Archipelago /Charles O. Frake.

The "Austronesian advantage" suggests that Austronesian-speaking populations in Melanesia are resistant to tropical splenomegaly syndrome, a medical condition linked to chronic exposure to malaria. This hypothesis was proposed by Kevin M. Kelly in his 1988 dissertation, a subsequent 1990 paper, and a 1993 paper co-published with Jeffrey Clark. I now update the Austronesian advantage hypothesis with additional linguistic, anthropological, and genetic data. I find that cultural adaptations cannot fully explain the Austronesian expansion. Rather, the Austronesian advantage, a classic example of natural selection, completes the picture by connecting the Austronesian expansion with greater reproductive success. I also strengthen the Austronesian advantage hypothesis with data from Tibet. The correlation between language expansion and natural selection extends well beyond the Austronesian world.