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The article deals with the analysis of theory, methodology, and measuring of political participation. The author comparatively scrutinized theoretical problems of genesis, functions, role, and prognosis for the future of this phenomenon in the sociological theory in order to reveal distinguishing characteristics in the existing approaches. Thorough analysis and summarizing of various conceptions relative to political participation, as well as empirical research are offered for the study of transitional society. The definition of political participation, its structure, motivation, main forms and factors, models of stratification in modern conceptions have been comparatively analyzed and systematized as a methodological basis of empirical research. The author elaborated and tested an original approach to the assessment of political participation based on the Guttman one-dimensional continuity scale. Using this approach, the author has calculated the index of political participation (IPP) and constructed four-dimensional model of the political participation stratification in accordance with survey data.

The author of this article discusses characteristic features of changes in sociological knowledge according to its development under conditions of the present-day social transformations.

This article about the education system of San Marino is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background, structure and further characteristics of the Sammarese education system. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

This article about the education system of Monaco is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background, structure and specific features of the Monegasque education system including vocational and post-secondary training. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

This article about the education system of the Faroe Islands is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the background and the characteristics of the Faroese education system including vocational and higher education. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

In view of the different national education systems of modern Europe comparable features of diversity can be observed, as well as a wide range of similarities, e.g. compulsory school attendance, the horizontally structured school system or core subjects. "In the current period education systems are affected by growing influence of global changes, concerning both their internal processes and their positions in the perceptions by the society." The author points out that since this trend is marked by strong dynamism, exact predictions on times to come are very difficult; thus his "predictions at the beginning of the 21st century" are made "on the provison that they need to be revised even in the near future." The author's considerations are focused on the following criteria which mirror trends to be observed in all European education systems: Educational sovereignty; opening of schools; curriculum development; intercultural socialisation and education; teaching profession and teacher education. In an exemplary excursion into the comparative domain Europe as educational space in its own right is compared to the United States, Australia and Canada. The author concludes with remarks on the global dimension of European education. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

This article about the education system of Andorra is part of the handbook "The education systems of Europe" which presents an analytical description of the education systems of all European countries, following common guidelines. The author gives an overview of the history, development, structure and administration of the Andorran education system which includes three different public school systems (French, Spanish and Andorran) and the University of Andorra. (DIPF/Orig./Kie.).

Discusses the shifts in the geography of feminist energies in the context of US pursuit of gender justice to situate the feminist imaginary in the politics of post-war capitalism. The historicization of these shifts aims to reinvigorate present practice of gender equality under current political conditions. As a map of the transformation of the feminist imagination, the author seeks to determine what should be discarded, & preserved for the struggles ahead. The contextualization of shifts in the context of post-war capitalist changes & post-Communist geopolitics stimulates discussion that will reinvent the project of feminism in an environment of globalization. References. J. Harwell

The article is dedicated to discussion of the main features of political regime transformation in post-soviet Ukraine. In definition of political regime the au thor follows the actor-centered neo-institutional approach that allows focusing on individual and collective social practices determined by an actor's interests, situation, and strategy of action, as well as limited by his/her habits, social skills, resources, and rules. The author argues an illiberal democratic character of former political regime, which was embodied at the end of 1990s in Ukraine, and discusses the zigzags of its future development. The question about social and political factors of the Orange Revolution explosion is also examined.

Editor's introduction that establishes the theme of the future of "gender" as a research trajectory. The distinctions between "gender" & "sex" are contextualized in the history of the terms as biological endowments & functions. Comparative definitions identify gender as the description of social characteristics of feminine & masculine that is distinguished from "sex" as analysis based on a priori assumptions about behavior. The contributions are briefly organized into three sections: reorienting the feminist imagination, variations on the theme of gender, & gender & political practice. The author concludes that antidiscrimination measures should he separated from the goal of "gender equality" via a reinterpretation of the "relevant respects" for equal treatment of men & women. References. J. Harwell

Reviews the feminist arguments for equal rights to reconsider the meaning of equality in postmodern feminist theory. A discussion of contemporary equality presents a challenge to the framework of the equality debate. The "common-sense" perspective must concede that women still earn less, live in poverty, & remain in the lower half of the hierarchy of public power & influence. The demand for individual rights in economic competition does not consider the gendered nature of the marketplace. Politically, the liberalist focus on the public sphere cannot conceptualize the domestic inequalities. The author proposes a non-patriarchal model of equality constructed on flexible working practices, collective responsibility for child care, & the measurement of unpaid work as a value productive activity. References. J. Harwell

Investigates the persistent inequality of women in the job market to critique the preferences assertion of individual & family choice. The author argues that preference-based explanations rest on an essentialist view of gender. A description of preference theory reviews the extensive criticism of the theoretical maintenance of women's entrapment in the responsibilities for care-work. Changes to the male breadwinner model of employment are weakened by governmental unwillingness to interfere in an employer's right to manage. The gendered division of labor in both public & private spheres remains central to the explanation of aggregate levels of material inequalities between men & women. "Preference theory' is concluded to be a powerful rationale for the gendered status quo & the persistent material inequalities between men & women. Tables, References. J. Harwell

The author examines the regional factor's influence on integrative and activating functions of political culture of the population of Ukraine. As a factor of influence on the above-mentioned functions, the region is treated as a territorial organization of socio-political and socio-cultural aspects of a community's activity. The congruence of common socio-cultural values, as well as the level of political solidarity is researched on the basis of historical identity, spatial-territorial self-identification, a desirable line of the regional development related to the opposition "nationally integrated — regionally autonomous", as well as the degree of authoritarianism in a territorial community. Empirical data allow concluding about political culture of all regions of Ukraine that can be defined as tending to the integrative-passive type with slight differences.