Complete issue of Agriculture for Development 22. Articles: Pachauri R. Climate change and agriculture in the Fifth Assessment Report. Beddington J, Warham E. Climate change and sustainable agricultural technologies. Campbell B. Climate change, agriculture and food security: from local action to global agreements. Naess LO. Climate change and agriculture: lessons from political economy perspectives. Sims B. Climate change impacts and mitigation: a review of predictions and reality. Thornton P. Climate change and livestock in developing countries: possibilities for adaptation.
Currently the Government is increasing the tax revenue from various sectors , especially the increase in the tax on imported goods ( Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of Article 22 ) . Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of Article 22 in accordance with Law No. 7 of 1983 has a supporting role budgetary functions ( towing instruments of public funds to put into the state treasury ) . But along with the issuance of the Finance Minister Regulation No. 175/PMK.011/2013 About Withholding Income Tax Article 22 Relating to Payments for Delivery of Goods and Activities for Import Or Other Business Activities in the Field of the Income Tax (VAT ) on the import of section 22 has a role new additions as support functions regulerend ( tool for controlling imports ) . It is intended that the import of certain goods from another country can be muted . Other purpose that is greater than the reduction of imported goods is to reduce the pressure on the balance of trade with other countries in order to avoid a deficit . It is expected that the reduction in the number of imported goods will improve the trade balance moving towards a trade surplus with other countries and the domestic industry are encouraged to increase the production of goods as import substitution goods . Keywords: Article 22 Income Tax , Import , Ms . Access Programming
Surface temperatures of synthetic turf have become a factor of growing interest and concern, particularly in warmer regions like Australia. However, it is unclear which components of the synthetic turf system contribute to surface temperature. The aim of this paper was to compare the surface temperature of 34 different synthetic turf products that were exposed to the same environmental conditions to ascertain which components of the synthetic turf system and which environmental factors contributed to increased surface temperature. A total of 6,120 observations were taken on the 34 products over the summer months, giving 30 observations for each of the variables on each product. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the type of infill and shockpad had small-medium, but significant, effects on surface temperature (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively), and the interaction between shockpad and tuft gauge was also significant (p=0.047). Level of solar radiation, ambient temperature and relative humidity (p<0.001 in all instances) were the only environmental variables that significantly influenced surface temperature. These findings confirm that both the composition of the synthetic turf system and environmental factors contribute to synthetic turf surface temperature, thus providing important information for synthetic turf manufacturers developing new cool climate products, or for local government authorities selecting products and/or informing safe play for end-users. ; E1
The aim of this study was to explore the integration of the nurse practitioner role in Canadian nursing homes to enable its full potential to be realised for resident and family care. The objective was to determine nurse practitioners' patterns of work activities. Nurse practitioners were introduced in Canadian nursing homes a decade ago on a pilot basis. In recent years, government and nursing home sector interest in the role has grown along with the need for data to inform planning efforts. The study used a sequential mixed methods design using a national survey followed by case studies. A national survey of nurse practitioners included demographic items and the EverCare Nurse Practitioner Role and Activity Scale. Following the survey, case studies were conducted in four nursing homes. Data were collected using individual and focus group interviews, document reviews and field notes. Twenty-three of a target population of 26 nurse practitioners responded to the survey, two-thirds of whom provided services in nursing homes with one site and the remainder in nursing homes with as many as four sites. On average, nurse practitioners performed activities in communicator, clinician, care manager/coordinator and coach/educator subscales at least three to four times per week and activities in the collaborator subscale once a week. Of the 43 activities, nurse practitioners performed daily, most were in the clinician and communicator subscales. Case study interviews involved 150 participants. Findings complemented those of the survey and identified additional leadership activities. Nurse practitioners undertake a range of primary health care and advanced practice activities which they adapt to meet the unique needs of nursing homes. Knowledge of work patterns enables nursing homes to implement the full range of nurse practitioner roles and activities to enhance resident and family care. ; Martin‐Misener, R., Donald, F., Wickson‐Griffiths, A., Akhtar‐Danesh, N., Ploeg, J., Brazil, K., . . . Taniguchi, A. (2015). A mixed methods study of the work patterns of full‐time nurse practitioners in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(9-10), 1327-1337. doi:10.1111/jocn.12741
With rapid technological change has come a blurring of boundaries between personal and workplace space. Employers are challenged to develop guidelines and policies to direct the appropriate use of technology to maintain a civil workplace. Because of the lack of shared understanding, or even terminology, around the issue of cyberbullying, employers are seeking a response from lawmakers to assist with this issue. Lawmakers are reluctant to develop legislation prematurely, given the rapid change in the capabilities of technology, the diverse social norms about its use, and the uncertainty of the role and responsibility of employers in minimizing cyberbullying and facilitating a civil workplace environment. This Canadian study seeks insight into these emerging issues through in-depth interviews with human resource professionals representing diverse business and industry sectors. ; West, B., Foster, M., Levin, A., Edmison, J., & Robibero, D. (2014). Cyberbullying at work: In search of effective guidance. Laws, 3(3), 598-617. doi:10.3390/laws3030598 ; (This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology, Social Media and Law)
The South Carolina State Library publishes quick demographic brochures for each district in South Carolina for incoming legislature. Each brochure highlights demographics across population, employment, and education.
The Nanjing Government has taken temporary environmental regulations to guarantee good air quality during the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in 2014. We study the effect of those regulations by applying the emission estimate algorithm DECSO (Daily Emission estimates Constrained by Satellite Observations) to measurements of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We improved DECSO by updating the chemical transport model CHIMERE from v2006 to v2013 and by adding an Observation minus Forecast (OmF) criterion to filter outlying satellite retrievals due to high aerosol concentrations. The comparison of model results with both ground and satellite observations indicates that CHIMERE v2013 is better performing than CHIMERE v2006. After filtering the satellite observations with high aerosol loads that were leading to large OmF values, unrealistic jumps in the emission estimates are removed. Despite the cloudy conditions during the YOG we could still see a decrease of tropospheric NO2 column concentrations of about 32% in the OMI observations as compared to the average NO2 concentrations from 2005 to 2012. The results of the improved DECSO algorithm for NOx emissions show a reduction of at least 25% during the YOG period. This indicates that air quality regulations taken by the local government were successful. The algorithm is also able to detect an emission reduction of 10% during the Chinese Spring Festival. This study demonstrates the capacity of the DECSO algorithm to capture the change of NOx emissions on a monthly scale. We also show that the observed concentrations and the derived emissions show different patterns that provide complimentary information. For example, the Nanjing smog episode in December 2013 led to a strong increase in NO2 concentrations without an increase in NOx emissions. Furthermore, DECSO gives us important information of the non-trivial seasonal relation between NOx emissions and NO2 concentrations on a local scale. ; Geoscience & Remote Sensing ; Civil Engineering and Geosciences
Exploring adaptation pathways is an emerging approach for supporting decision making under uncertain changing conditions. An adaptation pathway is a sequence of policy actions to reach specified objectives. To develop adaptation pathways, interactions between environment and policy response need to be analysed over time for an ensemble of plausible futures. A fast, integrated model can facilitate this. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of such a model, an Integrated Assessment Metamodel (IAMM), to explore adaptation pathways in the Rhine delta for a decision problem currently faced by the Dutch Government. The theory-motivated metamodel is a simplified physically based model. Closed questions reflecting the required accuracy were used to evaluate the model's fitness. The results show that such a model fits the purpose of screening and ranking of policy options and pathways to support the strategic decision making. A complex model can subsequently be used to obtain more detailed information. ; Multi Actor Systems ; Technology, Policy and Management
The South Carolina State Library publishes quick demographic brochures for each district in South Carolina for incoming legislature. Each brochure highlights demographics across population, employment, and education.
The design of exoskeletons is a popular and promising area of research both for restoring lost function and rehabilitation, and for augmentation in military and industrial applications. A major practical challenge to the comfort and usability for exoskeletons is the need to avoid misalignment of the exoskeletal joint with the underlying human joint. Alignment mismatches are difficult to prevent due to large inter-user variability, and can create large stresses on the attachment system and underlying human anatomy. Previous self-aligning systems have been proposed in literature, which can compensate for muscle forces, but leave large residual forces passed directly to the skeletal system. In this paper we propose a new mechanism to reduce misalignment complications. A decoupling approach is proposed which allows large forces to be carried by the exoskeletal system while allowing both the muscle and skeletal joint force presented to the user to be compensated to any desired degree. ; Biomechanical Engineering ; Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
This interview was conducted as part of Cleveland State University's 50th Anniversary Commemoration effort. William Barrow is currently the Special Collections librarian at Cleveland State University. Barrow was born in University Circle and grew up in Cleveland's eastern suburb of Mentor. After high school he went on to attend Bowling Green State University where he was active in the school's chapter of Students For a Democratic Society. Barrow left BGSU before graduating to work construction and ended up becoming an animal warden, working in Bowling Green, Arizona, and Kentucky. He enrolled at CSU where he completed his degree and earned a MA in history. During the same time he pursued a MLS at Kent State and following the completion of that degree he was hired on as the Special Collections librarian at CSU. While at CSU Barrow has worked extensively with the Cleveland Union Terminal Collection, The Cleveland Press Collection, and has been instrumental in the awarding-winning Cleveland Memory Project. Of Particular interest in this interview are Barrow's accounts of his involvement in the SDS, his description of his coursework at CSU, and the process of making Cleveland Memory a viable online resource.
Kaixiu Fang,1,* Wen Song,2,* Lifeng Wang,1 Sen Jia,3 Hongbo Wei,1 Shuai Ren,1 Xiaoru Xu,1 Yingliang Song1 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Improving osseointegration of extensively used titanium (Ti) implants still remains a main theme in implantology. Recently, grafting biomolecules onto a Ti surface has attracted more attention due to their direct participation in the osseointegration process around the implant. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a new proven osteoprotection molecule and is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent in bone diseases, but how to immobilize the protein onto a Ti surface to acquire a long-term effect is poorly defined. In our study, we tried to use chitosan to wrap Sema3A (CS/Sema) and connect to the microarc oxidized Ti surface via silane glutaraldehyde coupling. The microarc oxidization could formulate porous topography on a Ti surface, and the covalently bonded coating was homogeneously covered on the ridges between the pores without significant influence on the original topography. A burst release of Sema3A was observed in the first few days in phosphate-buffered saline and could be maintained for >2 weeks. Coating in phosphate-buffered saline containing lysozyme was similar, but the release rate was much more rapid. The coating did not significantly affect cellular adhesion, viability, or cytoskeleton arrangement, but the osteogenic-related gene expression was dramatically increased and calcium deposition was also abundantly detected. In conclusion, covalent bonding of CS/Sema could strongly improve osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and might be applied for Ti implant surface biofunctionalization. Keywords: titanium, semaphorin 3A, silane reaction, microarc oxidation, osteogenic differentiation
Abstract This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework to assist in understanding how the immigrant family is impacted by recent changes to immigration policy in Canada. We contend that neoliberalism, broadly defined, is a helpful lens through which to comprehend some of the specific policies as well as discursive outcomes which have real effects on immigrant families. Based on our findings from an in-depth literature review, our goal is to identify and summarize the recent changes to the Canadian policy environment and to develop a critical conceptual framework through which to understand policy change in relation to families and immigrants. Key Words: families, neoliberalism, policy change, social policy, multiculturalism, gender, race, neoconservatism Acknowledgements The research for this paper was supported by a Partnership Development Grant titled "Integration Trajectories of Immigrant Families" by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. ; Root, J., & Gates-Gasse, E., Shields, J. & Bauder, H. (2014). Discounting Immigrant Families: Neoliberalism and the Framing of Canadian Immigration Policy Change : A Literature Review
In the Osaka area in the 1880s, rice was grown mostly in dry fields in upland areas, and a few paddy fields were situated on the natural wet landforms along the major rivers and streams on the Osaka Plain. As the area developed, dry fields became irrigated, and the lowland fields were filled and converted to urban land uses. For the Osaka city region, developed in this historical context, an ecological network has been proposed by the national government in 2006. The proposal was partially influenced by ecological network planning in the Netherlands, and it focuses on spatial patterns and wetland restoration measures at a limited number of sites. However, its historical geography is not taken into consideration. Therefore we examined historical land-use changes in the Osaka area and then compared restoration projects in both countries. On the one hand, we found some similarities in wetland restoration processes and measures at unused industrial sites in reclaimed coastal areas in Japan (the Osaka Nankou Bird Sanctuary) and the Netherlands (the Oostvaardersplassen). There are, on the other hand, notable differences in appropriate wetland restoration measures in farmland areas. Some potential wetland restoration candidates in Japan require either winter flooding or the resumption of labor-intensive agricultural practices in abandoned paddy fields, because many of these sites were naturally dry before the introduction of irrigation. In the Netherlands (e.g., at Tiengemeten), however, this was not a problem because areas are being converted from drained fields to natural wetlands. To conclude, regional considerations are therefore important when ecological networks are planned, and the perspective of historical geography is essential when networks are planned with wetland restoration as a core element. ; Urbanism ; Architecture and The Built Environment
For decades good governance scholarship has focused attention on the importance of government openness [26], [34]. Since the 1960s, Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has formed the backbone of institutional support for opening information and documents [76] and participatory processes [4], [79]. However, FOI represents a passive approach to releasing information. Persons or organizations must still request the information they want, referred to casually, as freedom of information requests. Since the 1990s, publishing documents on websites or using communication technologies to engage citizens in participation processes has signaled a more proactive approach to releasing government information and political engagement. Since 2003, governments have re-envisioned their passive and proactive approaches to include an open data agenda, [18], [62], where publishing documents and data in open formats, [35], [63] is the preferred way. Collectively, these developments have forged the basis for what has been commonly referred to as the open government and data movements [30]. Open data practices and policies are praised for their potential to generate public value, particularly through innovation, economic growth, and transparency, [5], [9], [18], [21], [81]. The nature and character of open data has been hailed for its innovative capacity and transformative power [19], [35], [40], [45], [80]. Various studies have confirmed that proactively releasing public and private data in open formats creates considerable benefits for citizens, researchers, companies and other stakeholders, such as business creation or having the ability to understand public or private problems in new ways through advanced data analytics, [5], [9], [18], [21], [81]. Only a handful of articles examine both the unintended consequences and negative side effects of opening data, [33] and the underlying causal mechanisms that actually lead to the desired open data benefits [5]. Open data research is still in its infancy, and as a result, the extant literature uses limited application and development of theory toward understanding the open data phenomenon. While scholars acknowledge diverse perspectives, it is not clear which theories are most relevant, nor whether a single or integrated theory is needed. This special issue is part of a series of two special issues about open data. This issue focuses on the relationship between innovation and open data, while the second special issue emphasizes research on open data related to transparency and open data policies. To realize the practical benefits of this transformative practice and to develop theory, more research needs to focus on understanding how innovation occurs through open data activities. The papers in this special issue begin to address this gap. The introductory article discusses the state-of-the-art with respect to understanding the context of open data innovation, developments, challenges and barriers, presents an overview of open data research and outlines emerging research directions. ; Infrastructure Systems & Services ; Technology, Policy and Management
