Suchergebnisse

Während der letzten 20 Jahre ist in den meisten europäischen Ländern eine Krise der allgemeinen Kinderbetreuung in Bezug auf die Betreuungszeit, die medizinische Versorgung und die frühkindliche Erziehung zu beobachten. Die Versorgungs- und Betreuungsarbeit wird zunehmend durch weibliche Migranten aus Übersee oder aus Osteuropa übernommen, die unter prekären Arbeitsbedingungen, oft ohne legalen Arbeitsvertrag und auf sehr niedrigem Lohnniveau angestellt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert die Situation der weiblichen Migranten in der Kinderbetreuung und bezieht sich dabei vor allem auf den Grad der Eigenständigkeit, den die Frauen dadurch erreichen. Es werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie von 2007 vorgestellt, welche die illegale Beschäftigung weiblicher Migranten in der Kinderbetreuung in Belgien untersucht. Es wird ferner ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell skizziert, das die Konzepte der Betreuung, der autonomen Migration und des Empowerment miteinander verbindet. Es wird hervorgehoben, dass die Kinderbetreuung einen wichtigen integrativen Teil der allgemeinen Migrationsstrategie bildet. Besonders wird dabei die persönliche Autonomie herausgestellt, welche von den Frauen durch ein Beschäftigungsverhältnis erreicht werden kann. (ICI).

Throughout the year the controversial legislative elections dominated the political landscape. Huge anti-government demonstrations that called in vain for political alternance. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party, however without the expected constitutional amendment majority. Therefore, the prime minister and his cabinet were replaced. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grass-roots, but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e. g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Unemployment and lacking political change caused increasing migration.

There are examinated the aspects of practical realization of the principles of local autonomy and the particularities of the local public administration reform making in the Republic of Moldova. This study also analyses the correspondence between the rules laid down in national legislation on local autonomy and the European standards. The particularities and the consequences of creating the autonomous territorial unit with the special legal status - Gagauzia have been presented. The prerogatives of the People's Assembly of Gagauzia and in particular to adopt the "local laws" have been critically examined. There is no such category of "local laws" under the Constitution, in the Republic of Moldova. The constitutional text expressly provides that the laws can be: constitutional, organic and ordinary. The author mentions the fact that the areas where the Gagauz People's Assembly is empowered to adopt "local law" are regulated by organic laws. One insists on the fact that the local autonomy is a general principle of democratic administrative policy, whose application can not be subject to ethnic or other criteria. Local autonomy serves all citizens, provides more resources, and amplifies the local administration's initiative to improve the living standards. Using the principle of local autonomy as an opportunity to encourage the ethnic autonomy is a prerequisite for separatism and segregation, acts contrary to democratic society.