This thesis critically analyzes the H-2C temporary worker program (TWP) that was part of the 2006, Senate-approved Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act. Employer opinions and lessons from past U.S. TWPs are presented, resulting in recommendations for changing H-2C's design in order to maximize its potential as a core component of future immigration reform in the United States. The paper finds that small businesses, which comprise the majority of the businesses in the United States, and are among the heaviest users of foreign labor, consider the 2006 H-2C program to be unaffordable. Policy makers must redesign H- 2C to be affordable for small businesses while still offering an effective system for protecting domestic worker interests. The paper concludes that the best means to achieve both program affordability for small businesses and effectual domestic worker protections is likely a user -friendly, electronic program process
The Netherlands has a tradition in public spatial planning and design. In the past 20 years, we have seen an increasing role for the market in this field, and more recently, growing attention for sustainability. Sustainability has become an economic factor. Not only at the building level, but also on the level of large-scale area development projects. More and more local governments have high ambitions for sustainable development. Increasingly, during project development, buildings are developed on a sustainable basis. Most of the time, the focus in this approach is on energy. However, sustainability also comprises social aspects. Energy measures have a direct relation to an economic factor such as investment costs, and payback time can be calculated. The economic aspects of social sustainability are more complex. Therefore, for all sustainability development projects, especially in large-scale projects planned over a longer period, it is necessary to make presumptions, which are less reliable as the planning period is extended. For future larger-scale developments, experience in the Netherlands points to two design approaches: 'backcasting', or using a growth model (or a combination of these two). The power of design is the ability to imagine possible scenarios for the future. The layer approach helps to integrate sustainability into public spatial planning. And more specifically, Urban Design Management (UDM) supports an integrative and collaborative approach also on the operational level of a project in which public and market partners work together. This article outlines how design, based on these approaches, can contribute to sustainable development based on the 'new playing field', where spatial problems should be solved in networks. Dutch projects in Almere (Benoordenhout) and Rijswijk are used to illustrate this approach. ; Real Estate and Housing ; Architecture
CONTENTS I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSJurga Cibulskienė (Lithuania). Are Ideologies Reflected in Metaphors?.11Lara N. Sinelnikova (Russia). The Addresser as an Alter Ego of the Addressee.26 II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSOleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). Chapter 3 in Pushkin's Novel Eugene Onegin: Rhythm and Sense in Tatiana Larina's Letter . 43Jadvyga Krūminienė (Lithuania). Oscar Milosz as Translator: Playing Games with Memory. 55Magdalena Ożarska (Poland). 19th-Century Lake District as a Land of Tourists, Homemakers and Writers: a Selection of Writings by Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth and Harriet Martineau. 67Inga Bartkuvienė (Lithuania). Definitions of Nationality in the Theory of Homi K. Bhabha.79Mindaugas Grigaitis (Lithuania). Deconstruction of Jaques Derrida: Theoretical Postulates and Possibilities of Practice. 94Janusz Detka (Poland). Eastern Episode in Polish Poetry of 1955–1957. 106Kristina Bačiulienė (Lithuania). The Worldview of Marcelijus Martinaitis' Collection of Poems K. B. Suspect. 120Yelena A. Nakhimova (Russia). Metaphorical Projection and Conceptual Integration in Political Communication. 130Anna Biyumena (Belarus). Verbs of Period and Existence in Political Discourse. 139Anna V. Vladimirova, Tatyana G. Skrebtsova (Russia). Discourse Strategies in Women and Men's Glossies as a Reflection of Gender-Specific Behaviour. 148Joanna Bryła (Poland). Phraseological Units in Fashion Advertisements.159Michael Louis Bakalinsky (Ukraine). New Theory and Methodology of Social Dialect Studies: US Underworld Social Dialect as a Case in Point. 170Tatiana V. Poplavskaia, Tatiana I. Svistun (Belarus). The Interrelation between Types and Functions Abbreviations Perform in the Internet-Discourse. 186Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lithuania). Review of Research Methods on Language E-Learning Interactions .195Bernd Gliwa (Latvia), Daiva Šeškauskaitė (Lithuania). What Does Dievmedis (God's Tree) Have in Common with God(s)?.205 III. OPINIONOlga Jagintseva (Estonia). The Ethnolinguistic and Etymological Aspects of the Noun Glyok 'an Earthenware Jug' . 219 IV. OUR TRANSLATIONSPatrick Seriot (Switzerland). Oxymoran or Misundersanding. Anna Wierzbicka's Universal Relativism of Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Part II. Translated by Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė. 227 V. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEBooks reviewsSaulius Lapinskas (Lithuania). MELNIKIENĖ, Danguolė, 2009. Dvikalbiai žodynai Lietuvoje: megastruktūros, makrostruktūros ir mikrostrutūros ypatumai. 233Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). ЛАРИНА, Татьяна, 2009. Категория вежливости и стиль коммуникации. Сопоставление английских и русских лингвокультурных традиций. 237Galina Michailova (Lithuania). ЧЕРНЫХ, В. А., 2008. Летопись жизни и творчества Анны Ахматовой. 1889–1966. 241Barbarа Greszczuk (Poland). LUCIŃSKI, Kazimierz, 2009. Языковые заимствования и ментальность. 247 Announce . 249 VI. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION. 250 VII. OUR AUTHORS. 258 ; TURINYS / SPIS TREŚCI I. PROBLEMOS IR SPRENDIMAI / PROBLEMY I ICH ROZWIĄZANIAJurga Cibulskienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Are Ideologies Reflected in Metaphors?.11Лара Н. Синельникова (Rusija / Rosja). Адресант как alter ego адресата.26 II. FAKTAI IR APMĄSTYMAI / FAKTY I ROZWAŻANIAОлег Н. Гринбаум (Rusija / Rosja). Третья глава романа А. С. Пушкина «Евгений Онегин»: письмо Татьяны Лариной в ритмико-смысловом освещении.43Jadvyga Krūminienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Oscar Milosz as Translator: Playing Games with Memory. 55Magdalena Ożarska (Lenkija / Polska). 19th-Century Lake District as a Land of Tourists, Homemakers and Writers: a Selection of Writings by Dorothy Wordsworth, William Wordsworth and Harriet Martineau. 67Inga Bartkuvienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Tautiškumo metmenys Homi K. Bhabha'os teorijoje. 79Mindaugas Grigaitis (Lietuva / Litwa). Jacques'o Derrida dekonstrukcija: teoriniai postulatai ir taikymo galimybės. 94Janusz Detka (Lenkija / Polska). Epizod "wschodni" w polskiej poezji lat 1955–1957 . 106Kristina Bačiulienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Marcelijaus Martinaičio eilėraščių rinkinio "K. B. įtariamas" pasaulėvaizdis. 120Елена А. Нахимова (Rusija / Rosja). Метафорическая проекция и концептуальная интеграция в политической коммуникации. 130Anna Biyumena (Baltarusija / Białoruś). Verbs of Period and Existence in Political Discourse. 139Анна В. Владимирова, Татьяна Г. Скребцова (Rusija / Rosja). Коммуникативные стратегии в дискурсе женских и мужских глянцевых журналов как отражение гендерной специфики поведения. 148Joanna Bryła (Lenkija / Polska). Związki frazeologiczne funkcjonujące w prasowych komunikatach dotyczących mody. 159Michael Louis Bakalinsky (Ukraina / Ukraina). New Theory and Methodology of Social Dialect Studies: US Underworld Social Dialect as a Case in Point. 170Tatiana V. Poplavskaia, Tatiana I. Svistun (Baltarusija / Białoruś). The Interrelation between Types and Functions Abbreviations Perform in the Internet-Discourse. 186Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lietuva / Litwa). Elektroninio kalbų mokymo interakcijos sąvoka: mokslo tiriamųjų darbų apžvalga. 195Bernd Gliwa (Latvija / Łotwa), Daiva Šeškauskaitė (Lietuva / Litwa). Kas bendra tarp dievmedis ir dievas, dievai?. 205 III. NUOMONĖ / OPINIE I POGLĄDYОльга Ягинцева (Estija / Estonia). Сущ. глек 'глиняный горшок' в этнолингвистическом и этимологическом аспектах. 219 IV. MŪSŲ VERTIMAI / NASZE PRZEKŁADYPatrick Seriot (Šveicarija / Szwajcaria). Oksimoronas ar nesusipratimas? Annos Wierzbickos universaliosios natūraliosios semantinės metakalbos universalusis reliatyvizmas. II dalis. Vertė / Tłum. Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė. 227 V. MOKSLINIO GYVENIMO KRONIKA / KRONIKA ŻYCIA NAUKOWEGOKnygų recenzijos / Recenzje książekSaulius Lapinskas (Lietuva / Litwa). MELNIKIENĖ, Danguolė, 2009. Dvikalbiai žodynai Lietuvoje: megastruktūros, makrostruktūros ir mikrostrutūros ypatumai. 233Элеонора Лассан (Lietuva / Litwa). ЛАРИНА, Татьяна, 2009. Категория вежливости и стиль коммуникации. Сопоставление английских и русских лингвокультурных традиций. 237Галина Михайлова (Lietuva / Litwa). ЧЕРНЫХ, В. А., 2008. Летопись жизни и творчества Анны Ахматовой. 1889–1966. 241Barbarа Greszczuk (Lenkija / Polska). LUCIŃSKI, Kazimierz, 2009. Языковые заимствования и ментальность. 247 Anonsai / Zapowiedzi.249 VI. REIKALAVIMAI STRAIPSNIAMS / ZASADY OPRACOWYWANIA PUBLIKACJI. 250VII. MŪSŲ AUTORIAI / NASI AUTORZY. 258
John Vincent, describes his interest in political science and how that influenced him to run for public office. He discusses his leadership roles in the Montana House of Representatives as Speaker of the House, Minority Leader, and Majority Whip. He talks about some of the other members of the House as well Montana governors Stan Stephens, Ted Schwinden and Brian Schweitzer. ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/brown/1069/thumbnail.jpg
Background Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an innovative knowledge translation (KT) intervention that is compatible with the Promoting Action on Research in Health Services (PARiHS) framework. This study explored the innovative use of AI as a theoretically based KT intervention applied to a clinical issue in an inpatient pediatric care setting. The implementation of AI was explored in terms of its acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility as a KT intervention in pain management. Methods A mixed-methods case study design was used. The case was a surgical unit in a pediatric academic-affiliated hospital. The sample consisted of nurses in leadership positions and staff nurses interested in the study. Data on the AI intervention implementation were collected by digitally recording the AI sessions, maintaining logs, and conducting individual semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analyses and descriptive statistics. Findings were triangulated in the discussion. Results Three nurse leaders and nine staff members participated in the study. Participants were generally satisfied with the intervention, which consisted of four 3-hour, interactive AI sessions delivered over two weeks to promote change based on positive examples of pain management in the unit and staff implementation of an action plan. The AI sessions were delivered with high fidelity and 11 of 12 participants attended all four sessions, where they developed an action plan to enhance evidence-based pain assessment documentation. Participants labeled AI a 'refreshing approach to change' because it was positive, democratic, and built on existing practices. Several barriers affected their implementation of the action plan, including a context of change overload, logistics, busyness, and a lack of organised follow-up. Conclusions Results of this case study supported the acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility of AI as a KT intervention in pain management. The AI intervention requires minor refinements (e.g., incorporating continued follow-up meetings) to enhance its clinical utility and sustainability. The implementation process and effectiveness of the modified AI intervention require evaluation in a larger multisite study. ; Kavanagh, T., Stevens, B., Seers, K., Sidani, S., & Watt-Watson, J. (2010). Process evaluation of appreciative inquiry to translate pain management evidence into pediatric nursing practice. Implementation Science : IS, 5(1), 90-90. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-90
Viešojo sektoriaus problemų šiuolaikiniame etape sprendimų paieškos reikalaujanaujų, nestandartinių ir valdymo praktikos specialistų veiksmų, ir neordinarių teorinių-metodologinių akademinės srities atstovų nuostatų bei požiūrių. Strateginis planavimaskaip viešojo sektoriaus efektyvinimo prielaida ir instrumentarijus teorinėsepaskutinių kelių dešimtmečių įžvalgose, kaip ir kitos valdymo galimybes plėtojančiosformos ir sistemos (TQM – kokybės vadybos ir kt.) išgyveno susidomėjimo jomispakilimą ir tam tikrą nuosmukį. Tai susiję su globaliomis tendencijomis – pokyčiais,paradoksais, netgi konfliktais, požiūrių įvairovės gausa ir kt. Tačiau nepaisant įvairialypio,daugiadimensiško strateginio valdymo (strateginis planavimas recenzijosautoriaus traktuojamas kaip vienas iš svarbiausių viešojo valdymo, t. y. viešosios politikosir viešojo administravimo visumos elementų) interpretacijų įvairovės ir praktiniolygmens jį vartojant kaip efektyvumo instrumentą, turime pripažinti, kad vadybiniupožiūriu strateginis planavimas jau apie 70 metų yra itin svarbi vadybos priemonėviešųjų institucijų veiklai plėtoti.Todėl J. Bivainio ir Ž. Tunčikienės monografijos pasirodymas yra nulemtas,kaip jau minėta, globalių megaaspektų. Antra vertus, strateginio planavimo praktikaLietuvoje taip pat evoliucionuoja ir apima iš esmės visas valstybės funkcines veiklas.Tai rodo ir pagausėjusios mokslinės strateginio planavimo teorinės analizės apimtys,išreikštos ne vienoje studijoje, publikacijose mokslo leidiniuose.Skaitytojams pateikiamos monografijos autoriai pasirinko racionalų daugiau fenomenologijosprincipais pagrįstą (mokslinio pažinimo kaip visumos interpretavimą)tyrimo logiką, kurios struktūra atitinka klasikinės metaanalizės principus.
The new theoretical concept of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy in the European Union, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article. The main idea of this concept is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge-based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations and sustainable development in general, are absolutely typical for the creation and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy.The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. The main principles of creating the knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are described. Creating and modernization of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy are very complicated processes, oriented to the formation of the new quality of society and qualitatively new lifestyle. Moreover, these processes may be described as "twice" as complicated, because they win distinction by orientations to the pursuit of new quality in two aspects: - the knowledge based society and knowledge economy, compared to "traditional" society and economy, are in all cases described as qualitatively new,- creating and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy takes place under the conditions of the global changes, which means that qualitative changes take place in all global space, the essence of those changes is the creation and spread of the knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.A special attention is given to the conclusion that in the environment of the knowledge based society creation and generating knowledge economy and development, the provisions for sustainable development should be attained. The following general conclusions were made: - ...
Innovations play a significant role in surviving in economic and marketgames. However the innovation is not self-sufficient tool for response of all futurechallenges and needs. It requires potential for new knowledge generation, adaptationand commercialization, and support of government. Therefore the article presents aconceptual analysis of the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship,with the main focus being on the business sector, highlighting the role of governmentpolicy in the promotion of innovation through entrepreneurship.It is said that the dimension of innovation is at the core of entrepreneurship, butat the same time these concepts still often are defined singly. The concept of entrepreneurshipis often wrongly explained, just as business activity or establishment ofnew enterprises without focus on innovation. In this respect, there is a suggestion toadopt the concept of innovative entrepreneurship as the new direction for developmentof innovation through entrepreneurship.
Growing consumption of goods, production and usage of various chemicals influence the amount of different hazardous waste (HW) flows. Society is increasingly facing the problem how to treat and where to dispose of waste in environmentally sound, and economically efficient way, also taking into account a social aspect.Waste management is one of the principal pollution problems in many countries, and its control has so far not been addressed in a sustainable analysis. Each year in the European Union alone people throw away 1.3 billion tons of waste, 40 million tons of which being hazardous. HW generally constitutes about 1% of the total waste amount generated in Europe; nevertheless, it presents a serious risk to the ecosystem and human health if not managed and treated properly. Several EU countries report HW treatment rates over 40%, the others export a large of portion of HW. Recently, lots of efforts having been put into proper HW identification, treatment, recycling, storage, transportation and/or disposal, this issue is still hot among the governments of the EU.In spite of the fact that all European Union legal requirements concerning HW management are transferred to Member States legal framework, there are still a number of problems concerning inefficiency of an HW management system and Lithuania is not the exception. The total amount of waste generated in 2008 in Lithuania is about 7.8 million tons; about 145 thousand tons are considered as HW. While the incineration plant and landfill for HW is not built, HW is temporarily stored, processed, exported or managed in the companies which have the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) permits. It aims to manage HW in a more environmentally friendly way. However, the current HW management is not developed on an integrated approach, which allows to evaluate the environmental impact throughout the life cycle and to use cost-effective HW management processes, and all available technical and technological capabilities. The legal system determines the main HW ...
In the public sector, the decision-making process is multidimensional. Themethodological framework for all decision-making theories is the rationalisttradition, according to which mankind is inherently rational and seeks to maximizeits goals. The proponents of the main decision-making theories—the rationalcomprehensivetheory, the incremental theory and the mixed scanning theory—seekto argue in favour of their postulated values and the approaches to avoidunnecessary risks of the decision-making process. Those theories are aimed atpromoting innovative solutions in the new public management environment. Toimprove the decision-making process, it is necessary to improve the management ofinformation flows which would allow an accurate and objective information analysisby distorting the information necessary for decision-making.
The paradox in the formation of Union citizenship is that, on the one hand, its list of rights is primarily relevant for migrants and – again apart from the parliamentary permit - largely resembles the elements of enhanced denizen ship many member states had introduced before for their settled immigrants, but, on the other hand, its definition of the population to whom these rights apply excludes third country aliens, i.e. the great majority of migrants living in the territory of the Union. Union citizenship, first introduced in the Maastricht Treaty, confers a broad range of rights on national of the member states, including rights of movement, political rights, protection in non-EU states, and rights to petition. The relationship to national citizenship was clarified in the Treaty of Amsterdam: Union Citizenship is meant to supplement, not supplant, national citizenship. The European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, signed and proclaimed in Nice December 2000, laid out the range of civil, political, economic and social rights conferred both to Union Citizens and other persons resident in the EU.The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007 and amends the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, sought in particular to reinforce the democratic fabric of the European Union. One of its major innovations is to introduce the European citizens' initiative. It provides that "not less than one million citizens who are nationals of a significant number of Member States may take the initiative of inviting the Commission, within the framework of its powers, to submit any appropriate proposal on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the Treaties". It also provides that the procedures and conditions required for such a citizens' initiative, including the minimum number of Member States from which citizens must come, shall be determined in a Regulation to be adopted by the European Parliament and ...
The paper deals with the problems of tax coordination and perspectives during and after financial crisis. As we see the 2008 financial crisis is the worst economic crisis. Great Depression of 1929 was financial crisis which know all world financers and we can compare these days financial crisis with 1929 financial crisis. Thr 2008 financial crisis has been characterised by a rapid credit expansion, high risk-taking and exacerbated financial leverage and credit crunch when the bubble burst. In particular, it reviews the existing evidence on the links between taxes and many characteristics of the crisis. Finally, it examines some possible future tax options to prevent such crises.This financial and economic crisis presents major challenges for tax administration. With the economic downturn, tax agencies are encountering growing compliance risks and greater demands for taxpayer support in the face of prospective budget cuts. This paper examines these challenges and sets out a strategy and measures for responding to them. Theoretical and empirical studies suggest that an economic downturn tends to worsen taxpayer compliance in important aspects. While a drop in compliance may have some countercyclical effects on the economy, tolerating noncompliance is not an appropriate response to the crisis because it is distortionary, inequitable, and, perhaps most importantly, hampers the rebuilding of tax bases over the medium-term.The crisis therefore presents the financial authorities – central banks, regulators and finance ministries – with two challenges:The first and most urgent is to design short-term policies so as to at least limit the adverse impact of deleveraging and deflation on the real economy. We cannot make that impact nil, but we do know how to avoid the policy mistakes which turned the initial problems of 1929-30 into the Great Depression. Fiscal and monetary policies need to be carefully designed, and – as we approach a zero interest rate and consider quantitative easing options – need to be increasingly coordinated. And ...
In the conditions of the contemporary risk society the alternate nature and the variety of risks issue a serious challenge to the world community, which requires an urgent solution.Today the principle of sustainable development takes an increasing significance in the policies of all countries. The concept of sustainable development is based upon the balance between financial, social and ecological resources of our planet. Successful management of all these resources would ensure the sustainability.Achievement of the goals of sustainable development, in its turn, requires conjoint actions of governments, local authorities, businesses and each individual.This article is aimed at the analysis of actions taken by world-wide organisations, governments, and local authorities to provide sustainable development, including legislative, institutional, regulatory and public efforts exerted at all levels in the sphere of identification, assessment and management of environmental risks under the conditions of risk society. The volume of the article unfortunately dose not allow covering of all aspects related to this issue, as well as setting up a thorough discourse in this matter. Therefore, the article provides a brief analysis of theoretical base of the concept of the risk society and the idea of sustainable development and reviews legal, institutional, and regulatory instruments applied for identification, assessment and management of environmental risks applied both globally and in Latvia. It also stresses the significance of rising environmental risk awareness and promotion of readiness for ecological conduct, as it would facilitate meeting the goals of sustainable development by more active participation of population in the activities targeted at the environment protection in general, and preservation and restoration of the natural resources. The article also describes the current level of public awareness of environmental problems in Latvia, as well as the problems the Latvian residents consider to be of highest priority ...
The article analyses the issues involved in the privatization of public hospitals inthe U. S. Faced with increasing costs, many public hospitals are bleeding red ink andthus encounter difficulties when making investments necessary to cut costs and increaseperformance. Hospital expenditures accounted for almost a third of the $1.6trillion the United States spent on health care in 2000. According to the U.S. Departmentof Health and Human Services, over the ten-year period from 1990 to 2000the average cost of an inpatient stay at a public hospital increased by nearly 50 percent,compared to only 20 per cent at private for-profit hospitals. By 2001 the $7,400cost of a stay at a public hospital was 24 per cent greater than at a private for-profit($5,972). In the case of public hospitals, a conflicting mix of social, political, andbusiness objectives results in weak incentives to control costs. Cost burdens comefrom inefficient accounting, restrictive government personnel and procurement regulations,a tangled web of bureaucracy, and a general lack of accountability. Mostpublic hospitals lack the strategic advantages enjoyed by private hospitals including:a marketing orientation, volume purchasing systems, state-of-the-art information systems,standardization of supplies, outcome management systems, computerized casemanagement systems with cost-per-procedure variables among physicians performingthe same procedures, physician practice management, and technologically advancedpatient care.
Since formation of European Union (EU) it has had great changes and developed both by expanding and creating close mutual cooperation among the involved countries. New member states have joined the first six founder states, and now EU unifies 27 states. Greater changes have affected the set objectives and activity spheres: from the war industry – coal and steel sector – over-national control institutions the aim of which is to ensure stable peace in Europe, nowadays EU has become a union that comprise more than twenty common policy and activity spheres. The integration process of Europe has been continued by setting new objectives, meeting new challenges and looking for better solutions. EU budgetary funds provide support for wide scope of activities. This support regarding its scope may be changeable – starting from the whole covering of expanses and finishing with financial support of only some percents. The range of potential recipients of financial aid is also wide. Not only member states but also candidate states, separate municipalities, public organizations, private enterprises, universities and even separate individuals can be among them.In many with structural funds related documents it is highlighted, that the aim of EU structural funds is to eliminate the regional and social inequalities among EU member states and to improve economical and social cohesion throughout all Europe. Certainly these funds is a great benefit for EU peripheral countries like Ireland, Baltic states, and they can substantially promote development of these countries. Though one has to remember that a substantial financing also creates a risk and that inadequate use of these funds can stimulate regional inequality, social outcast, environmental degradation and corruption.Ireland is one of economically most developed, industrial, trade – oriented states, that until now has managed to use means of EU structural funds most successfully. The received finances from EU support funds have considerably favoured state's economical growth.During ...