Suchergebnisse

This contribution analyses the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and focuses on agricultural emissions in Spain regarding sociodemographic characteristics (age and sex). Spanish CAP covers emissions regulation based on the application of agriculture management according to the EU-ETS and agricultural management (soil and energy). The analysis of the Spanish legal rules and policy identified empirical environmental attitudes as provided by the EUROSTAT and MINETUR databases between 1990 and 2013. The developed empirical–analytical GARCH model measures the impact between the soil and energy management indicators per capita based on CAP (as independent variables) and emissions per capita (as dependent variable). The selected criteria of the models are sociodemographic variables corresponding to employee in agriculture: interval of age and sex (total, men and women who work in agriculture). The research findings demonstrate high significance between emissions per age interval, sex and total population, and fertilizers, herbicides and non-renewable energy or gases consumption. The CAP's proposed use of new machinery per capita does not influence directly the reduction of emissions. The model provides a good estimation for discussion about future policy trends of EU's long-term objectives for Rural Development Policy related to CAP principles (i.e. fertilizers, pesticides, land use and energy consumption in crops), the impact of machinery in agriculture and the open debate of extending work life in agricultural older population.

Este estudio analiza los problemas que perciben las personas adultas y mayores propietarias sobre la vivienda, en comparación a las que viven en régimen de alquiler (o en propiedad con hipoteca pendiente). Se consideran los siguientes componentes: los procesos patológicos del edificio/vivienda y los aspectos físicos del entorno, aplicándose un modelo de regresión lineal según régimen de vivienda y situación socioeconómica de las personas encuestadas (N=1.110, barómetro CIS 2014). El trabajo se enmarca en el debate abierto del modelo inmobiliario que favorece a la vivienda en propiedad, apuntando a la necesidad de investigar la vivienda y su entorno a través de una perspectiva de género/generacional y, establecer medidas (y nuevas fórmulas residenciales). Todo ello, para garantizar el derecho a una vivienda digna con mayor inclusión para determinados grupos de edad, como pueden ser las mujeres mayores.

El objetivo general de este trabajo estriba en desarrollar el tema del voluntariado de mayores como un claro ejemplo de envejecimiento participativo y saludable. En la primera parte se definen los conceptos utilizados y se refleja el «envejecimiento activo» como expresión de una necesidad social más que sólo una tendencia en boga. La participación social de los mayores es destacada como interés prioritario tanto desde las instituciones políticas como socio-económicas. En la segunda, se ofrecen algunos datos e informaciones que ayudan a dibujar una panorámica internacional sobre la situación de los mayores como voluntarios. En la tercera se desarrollan las distintas actividades, tipología, opiniones y vivencias de voluntarios mayores en nuestro contexto español. Al final, entre otras conclusiones y propuestas, se subraya la relevancia de continuar y hacer realidad un «envejecimiento participativo», pero, eso sí, evitando el derrumbe hacia la «explotación» humana para construir una vejez más saludable y justa acorde con los principios básicos de toda sociedad democrática ; The general aim of this work is to develop an approach to elderly people as a volunteer group, in order to analyse a case of participatory and healthy ageing. The article is divided into 4 parts. The first one explains the concepts used and shows «active ageing» as a symbol of social need more than just as a fashionable theme. Older people's activities are remarked as a predominant interest for socio-economic and political organisms. The second part sets the scene by describing some international data and global information. The third part focuses on different discourses, typology and experiences of older volunteers in Spain. The last section provides some conclusions and proposals stating, among other comments, the need for participatory ageing for a satisfactory and fair old age. References close the article.

Background: In an ageing Europe, chronic pain is a major public health problem, but robust epidemiological data are scarce. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of and factors associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain by gender in older adults of 14 European countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from wave 5 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The study included people ≥50 years residing in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Chronic pain was defined as being bothered by joint and/or back pain for the previous 6 months. Multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variance were performed to analyse prevalence ratio by covariates, stratified by sex. Results: A total of 61,157 participants were included. Overall prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain was 35.7% (28.8–31.7), ranging from 18.6% (17.1–20.1) for Switzerland to 45.6% (43.3–47.8) for France. Prevalence was higher in women than in men: 41.3% (40.2– 42.4) versus 29.1% (28.0–30.3). Chronic musculoskeletal pain was lower in men aged >75 years (PR = 0.82; 0.72–0.92) than the younger (50–59) group. Separated/divorced status presented opposite effects among men (PR = 0.85; 0.76–0.96) and women (PR = 1.12; 1.03–1.21) compared with married, and unemployment was a significant factor in men (PR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.02–1.43) compared with employed. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain in older European adults is very frequent, especially in women, with large differences depending on the country of residence. Health policy makers should prioritize strategies aimed at improving the prevention and management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in Europe. Significance: This study provides epidemiological data of chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults. Reported differences contribute to highlight the relevance of considering a gender perspective in chronic musculoskeletal pain research. Cross-national comparison also offers a map of differences that improves the knowledge of this chronic condition in Europe. ; This work was partially supported by (1) ENCAGE-CM (ref: S2015/HUM-3367), funded by the I+D Activity Program of Madrid Community research groups on social sciences and humanities and co-funded by the European Social Fund; (2) ENVACES (MINECO/FEDER/UE, ref. CSO2015-64115-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. This work also arises from the Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS), which has received funding from the European Union, in the framework of the Health Programme (2008-2013).